2006年6月皖北龙卷多普勒雷达产品分析     

朱君鉴  刘娟  王德育  卢海  宋子忠 《气象科技》2009,37(5):523-526

分析了2006年6月29日发生在安徽泗县的龙卷多普勒雷达的中气旋和龙卷涡旋特征（TVS）等产品。龙卷发生前,卫星云图上有3个对流云团呈东北—西南向排列,每个云团的东南侧有弓状回波发展,3条弓状回波首尾相连,也呈东北-西南向排列,龙卷发生在最西南的弓状回波的顶部。龙卷发生前弓状回波在上游产生了短时强降水,2 h降水量达到60 mm以上。在弓状回波的前沿,雷达探测到一系列的中气旋,龙卷发生前30 min,最西南的弓状回波追上其前面的回波带,发生了2个回波带合并,回波合并前,回波带上有2个中气旋,回波合并后,探测到一个特大直径的中气旋（径向直径25.8 km）。在龙卷发生地的上游,有一条带状的灾害性大风区,实地位置测定结果,该带状大风区与一系列中气旋最大风速圈的南边缘移过的路径一致。分析认为中气旋最大风速圈的南边缘,中气旋的风向与弓状回波后的直线风方向相同,两者叠加造成灾害性大风。出现龙卷1 h 40 min之前（05：00）,在泗县上游淮北地区,雷达开始探测到中气旋产品,在12 min之前探测到TVS（龙卷涡旋特征）产品,这些雷达产品对大风灾害的临近预报无疑是非常有用的。  相似文献   

The Adaptive Wavelet Collocation Method and Its Application in Front Simulation     

HUANG Wenyu  WU Rongsheng  FANG Juan 《大气科学进展》2010,27(3):594-604

The adaptive wavelet collocation method(AWCM)is a variable grid technology for solving partial differential equations(PDEs)with high singularities.Based on interpolating wavelets,the AWCM adapts the grid so that a higher resolution is automatically attributed to domain regions with high singularities. Accuracy problems with the AWCM have been reported in the literature,and in this paper problems of effciency with the AWCM are discussed in detail through a simple one-dimensional(1D)nonlinear advection equation whose analytic solution is easily obtained.A simple and effcient implementation of the AWCM is investigated.Through studying the maximum errors at the moment of frontogenesis of the 1D nonlinear advection equation with different initial values and a comparison with the finite difference method(FDM) on a uniform grid,the AWCM shows good potential for modeling the front effciently.The AWCM is also applied to a two-dimensional(2D)unbalanced frontogenesis model in its first attempt at numerical simulation of a meteorological front.Some important characteristics about the model are revealed by the new scheme.  相似文献   

An Economical Approach to Four-dimensional Variational Data Assimilation   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

WANG Bin  LIU Juanjuan  WANG Shudong  CHENG Wei  LIU Juan  LIU Chengsi  Qingnong XIAO  Ying-Hwa KUO 《大气科学进展》2010,27(4):715-727

Four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar) is one of the most promising methods to provide optimal analysis for numerical weather prediction (NWP). Five national NWP centers in the world have successfully applied 4DVar methods in their global NWPs, thanks to the increment method and adjoint technique. However, the application of 4DVar is still limited by the computer resources available at many NWP centers and research institutes. It is essential, therefore, to further reduce the computational cost of 4DVar. Here, an economical approach to implement 4DVar is proposed, using the technique of dimension-reduced projection (DRP), which is called ``DRP-4DVar." The proposed approach is based on dimension reduction using an ensemble of historical samples to define a subspace. It directly obtains an optimal solution in the reduced space by fitting observations with historical time series generated by the model to form consistent forecast states, and therefore does not require implementation of the adjoint of tangent linear approximation. To evaluate the performance of the DRP-4DVar on assimilating different types of mesoscale observations, some observing system simulation experiments are conducted using MM5 and a comparison is made between adjoint-based 4DVar and DRP-4DVar using a 6-hour assimilation window.  相似文献   

利用扫描式红外亮温仪对天空云量的试验观测     

章文星  吕达仁  宣越健  苏德斌  徐文静  霍娟 《气象学报》2010,68(6):808-821

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所中层大气与全球环境探测实验室自主开发研制的全自动扫描式天空红外亮温仪,于2007年4-8月在北京市气象局南郊观象台进行了试验观测.利用获得的天空红外亮温数据和南郊观象台(54511站)实时地面气象数据,进行了天空云量的计算.将整点前30 min内观测的云量的平均值作为与观象台观测对应的整点观测云量,分不同情况与观象台目视观测结果进行了对比分析.结果表明:(1)对于中低云,两种观测的云量比较一致,但如果在此期间云消散或增加很快,则差别较大.其主要原因是观测的时间和方式不同所造成的.(2)对于以卷云为主的天空情况,特别是高层薄卷云的情况,两种观测的云量差别较大.原因是受到目前试验所使用的红外传感器低温测量范围的限制(-50℃),以及判定云的阈值算法目前还只对于中低云比较适用,对于卷云的判断能力比较薄弱.(3)对于天空情况比较复杂,以及能见度不好的情况(气象站目视云量记录为10-),两种观测的云量差别也很大.其差别既受到仪器性能的影响,也与观测员视力与经验有关.仪器受到最低测量温度的限制,反演算法也有其不确定性,而观测员在低能见度时的观测局限性亦是一个重要原因.利用SIRIS-1进行云量和云底高度观测的优点是时间分辨率高,且全天时自动化,但对于卷云的判断还较薄弱.  相似文献   

Temperature trends in Libya over the second half of the 20th century   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ahmed M. El Kenawy  Juan I. López-Moreno  Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano  Mohammed S. Mekld 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2009,98(1-2):1-8

This paper investigates spatial variability of temperature trends over Libya in the second half of the 20th century. The study is based on complete and homogeneous time series of minimum, maximum, and mean temperature for ten observatories. During the investigated period (1951–1999), temperature trend analyses have experienced a downward trend in the maximum surface temperature (about –0.06°C decade^–1) and an upward trend in the minimum surface temperature (about 0.23°C decade^–1). Cooling tendency in maximum temperature is spatially more pronounced in inland stations compared to coastal stations. At the seasonal scale, maximum temperature cooling is more obvious in winter and spring, meanwhile minimum temperature warming is more pronounced in summer and fall. In accordance with global trends, the surface mean temperature has moderately risen at an average rate of 0.09°C decade^–1. However, this trend has shown considerable temporal variability considering a more pronounced upward trend in summer and fall. In conjunction with other regional and global investigations, clear trends towards smaller diurnal range are presented (–0.28°C decade^–1).  相似文献   

阿克达拉可吸入颗粒物本底浓度变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王力福  李娟  刘涛 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2009,3(1):20-24

通过阿克达拉区域大气本底站2007年全年监测发现,以北疆经济区为背景区域的大气中PMIO的年平均本底浓度为10.08Ug/m3.可吸入颗粒物的本底浓度采暖期是非采暖期的两倍左右.可吸入颗粒物本底浓度季节变化特征明显,月平均本底浓度最高为12月,次高为3月.PMIO本底浓度的日变化不规则但基本呈上升趋势,PM1.0和PM2.5的本底浓度日变化呈双峰双谷特征,本底浓度1d内的最高值和次高值出现的时间段与城市相关研究结果相反.  相似文献   

Spatial Distribution of HOCN Around Sagittarius B2     

Si-Qi Zheng  Juan Li  Jun-Zhi Wang  Feng Gao  Ya-Jun Wu  Shu Liu  Shang-Huo Li 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2022,(3):61-71

HOCN and HNCO abundance ratio in molecular gas can tell us the information of their formation mechanism.We performed high-sensitivity mapping observations of HO...  相似文献   

Continental and marine contributions to formation of mangrove sediments in an Eastern Amazonian mudplain: The case of the Marapanim Estuary     

Maria Do Perpetuo Socorro Progene Vilhena  Marcondes Lima Da Costa  José Francisco Berrêdo 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2010,29(2):427-438

  相似文献   

四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组滩体及储集性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾德铭  王兴志  石新  张帆  汪娟  朱永刚 《沉积学报》2010,28(1):42-49

根据四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组野外剖面及钻井岩心的宏观及微观特征,结合常规物性资料,对区内滩体的类型及特征、储集性能及其影响因素和分布进行了较为详细的研究。认为区内有内碎屑滩、藻粘结颗粒滩、核形石滩和鲕粒滩4类滩体,内碎屑滩和藻粘结颗粒滩广泛分布于中46井—杨家岩一线的雷三段,核形石滩集中于江油观音滩的雷三段下亚段,鲕粒滩集中于绵竹的雷四段中上部。这些高能滩体是局限陆表海和开阔陆缘海环境的产物,受后期成岩作用改造强烈,储集性差异大,雷三段中—上亚段的内碎屑滩和藻粘结颗粒滩在表生期岩溶作用和埋藏期溶蚀作用的共同改造下,储集空间内充填的石膏、石盐和方解石发生溶解,晶间溶孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、藻粘结“格架”溶孔和小溶洞发育,成为区内最有利的储集体,它们主要分布于中46井—鱼1井区块。  相似文献   

Late Quaternary glaciation history of Isla de los Estados,southeasternmost South America     

Per Möller  Christian Hjort  Svante Björck  Jorge Rabassa  Juan Federico Ponce 《Quaternary Research》2010,73(3):521-534

Isla de los Estados is a mountainous island southeast of Tierra del Fuego, in southernmost South America. Its central and eastern parts have an alpine topography, transected by U-shaped valleys, small, partly over-deepened fjords, and a multitude of abandoned cirques, all associated with extensive former local glaciations. Traces of glacial erosion generally reach 400–450 m a.s.l., and above that trimline a distinct sharp-edged nunatak derived landscape is present. The westernmost part of the island has a lower, more subdued topography, reflecting its “softer” geology but possibly also over-running and erosion by mainland-derived ice streams. The present study concentrated on glacigenic sediment sequences exposed along coastal erosional cliffs. A combination of OSL and ¹⁴C datings show that these sediments mostly date from the latest (Wisconsinan/Weichselian) glacial cycle, i.e. from the last ca. 100 ka with the oldest (glaciolacustrine) deposits possibly as old as 90–80 ka. The upper parts of overlying tills, with associated lateral and terminal moraines from glaciers that expanded onto an eustatically exposed dry shelf north of the island, date from the last global glacial maximum (LGM). Radiocarbon ages of peat and lake sediments indicate that deglaciation began 17–16 cal ka BP.  相似文献