Climate policy under uncertainty: a case for solar geoengineering     

Juan B. Moreno-Cruz  David W. Keith 《Climatic change》2013,121(3):431-444

Solar Radiation Management (SRM) has two characteristics that make it useful for managing climate risk: it is quick and it is cheap. SRM cannot, however, perfectly offset CO₂-driven climate change, and its use introduces novel climate and environmental risks. We introduce SRM in a simple economic model of climate change that is designed to explore the interaction between uncertainty in the climate’s response to CO₂ and the risks of SRM in the face of carbon-cycle inertia. The fact that SRM can be implemented quickly, reducing the effects of inertia, makes it a valuable tool to manage climate risks even if it is relatively ineffective at compensating for CO₂-driven climate change or if its costs are large compared to traditional abatement strategies. Uncertainty about SRM is high, and decision makers must decide whether or not to commit to research that might reduce this uncertainty. We find that even modest reductions in uncertainty about the side-effects of SRM can reduce the overall costs of climate change in the order of 10%.  相似文献   

上海组网边界层风廓线雷达与宝山二次雷达测风数据比较分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴志根  徐同  丁若洋  胡平  陈浩君  查亚峰  孙娟  夏卫祖 《气象》2013,39(3):370-376

文章利用上海边界层风廓线雷达网中3台分别布设在松江泖港和嘉定F1赛车场的TWP3型风廓线雷达以及嘉定外岗的LAP3000型风廓线雷达,在2010年初冬和2011年盛夏各一个月时段的连续原始测风数据,逐个与上海宝山GFE(L)-1型二次探空雷达在相同时段中的原始测风数据进行了对比分析研究.并且还将同布设在嘉定地区的两台不同型号的风廓线雷达进行了测风数据的互比分析.在基本稳定的天气条件下,嘉定F1赛车场、松江泖港以及嘉定外岗风廓线雷达各自与宝山GFE(L)-1型二次雷达探空测风数据进行对比分析的匹配样本数依次是6733、7350和7013对,其在盛夏时段对比统计的各层风速的平均标准差分别是3.34、3.37和4.03m·s-1,在初冬时段则为3.22、3.22和3.42m·s-1.参与互比分析的F1赛车场TWP3型风廓线雷达和外岗LAP3000型风廓线雷达之间的匹配样本数是71981对,其在盛夏时段互比统计的风速平均标准差是3.63 m·s-1,在初冬时段为4.12 m·s-1.有统计曲线表明,本研究中两台TWP3型风廓线雷达与宝山GFE(L)-1型二次雷达探空测风的误差均为2～4 m·s-1,其比对精度明显优于嘉定外岗的LAP3000型风廓线雷达.文章还提出了风廓线雷达的“有效探测高度”新概念.  相似文献   

烟台外夹河东岸湿地的生态保护和恢复研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李娟  林鹰  高建 《湿地科学与管理》2011,7(1):33-36

在对外夹河东岸湿地自然地理概况、空间格局和资源现状等进行综合分析的基础上,通过分析湿地保护和恢复面临的问题,提出水系安全格局、水岸空间恢复、植物配置、动物多样性恢复等保护和恢复策略,为该地区的生态保护与可持续发展提供参考。  相似文献   

The Imaging and Slitless Spectroscopy Instrument for Surveys (ISSIS): expected radiometric performance,operation modes and data handling     

Ana I. Gómez de Castro  G. Belén Perea  Néstor Sánchez  Javier López Santiago  Jóse Chirivella  Juan Seijas 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2014,354(1):177-185

ISSIS is the instrument for imaging and slitless spectroscopy on-board WSO-UV. In this article, a detailed comparison between ISSIS expected radiometric performance and other ultraviolet instruments is shown. In addition, we present preliminary information on the performance verification tests and on the foreseen procedures for in-flight operation and data handling.  相似文献   

Washington photometry of open cluster giants: two moderately metal-poor anticentre clusters     

M. Celeste Parisi  Juan J. Clariá  rés E. Piatti  Douglas Geisler 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,363(4):1247-1256

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The SORCE Science Data System     

Christopher K. Pankratz  Barry G. Knapp  Randy A. Reukauf  Juan Fontenla  Michael A. Dorey  Lillian M. Connelly  Ann K. Windnagel 《Solar physics》2005,230(1-2):389-413

The SORCE Science Data System produces total solar irradiance (TSI) and spectral solar irradiance (SSI) data products on a daily basis, which are formulated using measurements from the four primary instruments onboard the SORCE spacecraft. The Science Data System utilizes raw spacecraft and instrument telemetry, calibration data, and other ancillary information to produce and distribute a variety of data products that have been corrected for all known instrumental and operational effects. SORCE benefits from a highly optimized object-oriented data processing system in which all data are stored in a commercial relational database system, and the software itself determines the versions of data products at run-time. This unique capability facilitates optimized data storage and CPU utilization during reprocessing activities by requiring only new data versions to be generated and stored. This paper provides an overview of the SORCE data processing system, details its design, implementation, and operation, and provides details on how to access SORCE science data products.  相似文献   

Ages and metallicities of eight star clusters and their surrounding fields in the inner disc of the Large Magellanic Cloud     

Doug Geisler  rés E. Piatti  Eduardo Bica  Juan J. Clariá 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,341(3):771-784

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On the Origin of the 1999 Leonid Storm as Deduced from Photographic Observations     

Trigo-Rodríguez  Josep M.  Llorca  Jordi  Fabregat  Juan 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2002,91(2):107-119

Photographic multi-station observations of 18 Leonid meteorsobtained by the Spanish Photographic Meteor Network are presented. For each meteoroidthe radiant position, trajectory data and orbital parameters are discussed and compared totheoretical radiant positions and orbital elements of particles ejected from 55P/Tempel–Tuttle in 1899.We discuss the role of mean velocity imprecision in the dispersion of some orbital parameters,specially the semimajor axis. Finally, by applying the dust trail theory we have adjusted the1999 Leonidstorm orbits to a defined semimajor axis value to test the quality of photographic observations.  相似文献   

A Hamiltonian theory for an elastic earth: Elastic energy of deformation   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Juan Getino  José M. Ferrándiz 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1991,51(1):17-34

In this paper we study only the perturbation due to the deformation of the elastic mantle by a tidal body force. In a previous publication (Getino and Ferrándiz, 1989a) we defined two canonical systems of variables - we gave them the names ofelastic variables of Euler and Andoyer respectively. Next, using them, we obtained the canonical expression of rotational kinetic energy. In the present paper, using the same variables, we build up the elastic energy which is produced by the deformation of the elastic mantle. We show that the three termsm = 0, 1, 2 corresponding to the second order of the development in spherical harmonics of the perturbing potential, a tidal potential, are of the same order of magnitude. In addition, the numerical integration for a particular Earth Model (Takeuchi's Model 2) is performed, with the aim of obtaining a numerical estimate of the coefficients which intervene in both this energy and the previously mentioned kinetic energy.  相似文献   

The hydrogen Balmer,Paschen, and Brackett series lines in quiescent prominences     

Marta G. Rovira  Juan Manuel Fontenla 《Solar physics》1986,106(2):315-333

To calculate the Balmer, Paschen, and Brackett line intensities, we solved the statistical equilibrium equations for a twenty level plus continuum atom of hydrogen.From the temperature, ionization, and the first three level populations of the prominence models deduced in a previous work we have calculated the populations of the twenty bound levels and the integrated intensities corresponding to the series mentioned above. The method was also applied to the Heasley and Mihalas theoretical models.Since the Lyman series are optically thick, we have worked out two different options: (a) assume radiative balance in these lines and (b) correct the radiative rates by multiplying them with an integro-exponential function EI2 which depends on the line optical depth at the thread center. The first option is shown to be the more consistent.The integrated line intensities from the Balmer series have been compared with the observations and a clear difference was noted between quiescent and active prominences in the sense that the active prominence case can not be well fitted with the available models.To evaluate the influence of the pressure, the temperature, the thermal conduction coefficient and the turbulence, velocity on the spectrum we have compared the results from different models.From this study we conclude that only the lines arising from the lower levels up to 8–10 can give us information about the physical parameters that characterized the solar prominences since the intensities from the higher members of the series depend only on atomic properties because of the small departures from LTE of the upper levels involved.Member of the Carrera del Investigador, CONICET, Argentina.  相似文献