Paralytic shellfish toxin profiles in net phytoplankton samples from Bahía Concepción, Gulf of California, Mexico     

Gárate-Lizárraga I  Bustillos-Guzmán JJ  López-Cortes DJ  Hernández-Sandoval F  Erler K  Luckas B 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(7):800-806

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The role of bitumen in strata-bound copper deposit formation in the Copiapo area, Northern Chile     

M. Eugenia Cisternas  Juan Hermosilla 《Mineralium Deposita》2006,41(4):339-355

In northern Chile, between 27 and 33°S, there are numerous deposits where residual petroleum is associated with Cu-(Ag) mineralisation (the most famous being El Soldado). All of these deposits are hosted by Lower Cretaceous volcanic or volcanoclastic facies along the axis of a former backarc basin. This close relationship suggests that the generation, migration and emplacement of hydrocarbons in the Cretaceous volcanic units is a regional process, associated with the evolution of the Cretaceous backarc basin and points to the importance of pyrobitumen as an exploration tool for similar Cu–(Ag) deposits. The present work analyses four small strata-bound copper deposits located along a north–south belt approximately 10 km east of Copiapó in northern Chile. These deposits are typically hosted by pyrobitumen-rich andesitic volcanic to volcanoclastic rocks intercalated with the marine carbonate Pabellón Formation, the youngest formation within the Chañarcillo Group. The strong genetic and spatial relationships between the pyrobitumen-rich lavas and the mineral deposits allow us to define this volcanic belt as the Ocoita-Pabellón Metallotect. Two hydrothermal events can be distinguished based on the mineralogical, textural, fluid inclusion and isotope data of ore and gangue and on the optical properties of residual petroleum. During the early event, petroleum was mobilised from the source rocks into the primary and secondary porosity of the lavas by Fe-rich hydrothermal fluids, which precipitated pyrite as an early sulphide phase. The second event is characterised by Cu-rich hydrothermal fluids, which induced three successive sub-stages of Cu-sulphide precipitation. The hydrothermal fluids chemically and thermally altered the first-stage bitumen, transforming it into pyrobitumen. The present work documents similarities between the Ocoita-Pabellón Metallotect and the El Soldado ore deposit and emphasises important differences. In the El Soldado host rocks, a petroleum reservoir existed prior to the arrival of the mineralising hydrothermal fluids, the framboidal pyrite was formed by assistance of bacteria, the S of the Cu sulphides was inherited from the pyrite, and the fluid source was basin connate-metamorphic brine. In the Ocoita-Pabellón Metallotect, the hydrocarbons were mobilised into the host rocks by hydrothermal fluids; the pyrite is epigenetic, the δ³⁴S values of pyrite and copper sulphides are very different, with distinctive light δ³⁴S signature of Cu sulphides (δ³⁴S between −44.7 and −17.9‰), and the calculated δ¹⁸O of hydrothermal fluids indicates the participation of meteoric water in the late phases of the hydrothermal system.

Juan HermosillaEmail:

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地球静止卫星和网格化站点支持下的PM_2.5精细制图     

范东浩  秦凯  杜娟  何秦  辛世纪  刘鼎医 《遥感学报》2022,26(5):1015-1026

许多城市建立的相对稠密的网格化监测站点,为精细化监管城市空气质量奠定了基础。本文选用徐州市网格化监测数据、地球静止卫星Himawari-8/AHI及COMS/GOCI的表观反射率和气溶胶光学厚度数据、气象和其他辅助数据,开展了徐州地区0.005°空间分辨率网格的PM_2.5浓度精细化制图研究。本文使用了极端梯度提升（XGBoost）、随机森林（RF）及时空加权回归（GTWR）等3种方法,并选用多种特征参数组合进行对比分析。综合分析模型精度和过拟合程度,结果表明XGBoost模型表现最好,其R²为0.90,RMSE为11.65 μg/m³。进一步将本文结果与国控站点、清华大学的TAP数据集和马里兰大学的CHAP数据集的对比分析,结果表明基于网格化站点的PM_2.5制图结果能更好地反映城市内部不同区域的PM_2.5浓度分布差异性,弥补因国控站点稀疏带来的缺陷,更好地服务于城市空气质量精准管控。  相似文献   

青藏高原热力对四川盆地西部一次持续性暴雨影响的数值模拟     

张元春  李娟  孙建华 《气候与环境研究》2019,24(1):37-49

通过对四川盆地西部一次持续性暴雨过程的半理想数值模拟,研究了青藏高原热力作用对四川盆地持续性暴雨过程的影响。研究表明,高原的热力作用对于下游地区有着显著的影响,主要表现为:（1）关闭高原地面感热和潜热后,高原地区和四川盆地西部的降水明显减弱,而盆地中东部降水却有所加强,且四川盆地降水的日变化特征稍有减弱;（2）500 hPa青藏高原上的短波槽减弱,位于四川盆地中西部的背风槽强度、范围有所减弱,但低层盆地东部的气旋性涡旋加强;（3）涡度收支的定量分析发现,关闭高原热力作用后,盆地东部对流层低层垂直风切变的增强使得夜间倾斜项的正贡献增强,从而使该区域涡旋发展加强,盆地东部降水增强。  相似文献   

GPS测速方法与精度分析     

杜娟  孙中豪  姚飞娟  刘星 《全球定位系统》2012,37(6):13-16

基于GPS测速的基本原理,利用位置微分求速方法,设计了采用白噪声正交多项式最优线性滤波器方法的位置中心平滑软件,GPS测速精度达到了0．01m／s,提高了载波相位差分测速精度。  相似文献   

基于小波降噪的Kalman滤波预报卫星钟差     

王继刚  胡永辉  何在民  侯娟 《测绘科学》2012,37(5):9-11,60

卫星钟差预报在实时高精度导航定位中具有重要作用,Kalman滤波模型是预报卫星钟差的重要方法之一。为了进一步提高Kalman滤波模型预报卫星钟差的精度,本文提出了基于小波降噪的Kalman滤波模型预报卫星钟差。该模型使用小波降噪后数据,在保留Kalman滤波模型特点的基础上,明显地提高了短期卫星钟差预报精度。  相似文献   

云南北衙斑岩-矽卡岩金铜矿床三维可视化建模与应用          下载免费PDF全文

周放  王保弟  贺娟  郝明  王鹏 《中国地质》2022,49(1):241-252

[研究目的]位于金沙江—红河巨型构造-岩浆成矿带中段的北衙超大型矿床(已探明金151.28 t,铜22.17万t),是三江特提斯成矿域东段典型的斑岩-矽卡岩型金多金属矿床.近年来,矿床浅部地质结构与资源状况已得到初步揭示,但是其深部地质结构、深部控矿构造及深部找矿潜力还不清楚,制约了深部的找矿发现.[研究方法]本研究以...  相似文献   

基于条件温度植被指数（VTCI）的中国北方地区土壤水分估算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王鸣程  杨胜天  董国涛  白娟 《干旱区地理》2012,35(3):446-455

 利用中国北方13省2000-2008年的Terra-MODIS归一化植被指数（[WTBX]NDVI）和地表温度（LST）[WTBZ]数据,以及相同时间段农业气象观测站点的0~10 cm表层土壤水分资料,建立基于条件温度植被指数的表层土壤水分遥感估算模型,计算出2000-2008年北方13省各月份表层土壤水分,主要结论有：（1）空间分布上,表层土壤水分最高的是分区一和分区四,平均值均达到了0.2以上,表层土壤水分最低的是新疆沙漠地区,低于0.05,土壤水分空间分布基本呈"南高北低,东高西低"的趋势;（2）受降雨量和农作物需水的影响,年内月份之间,7、8 两月表层土壤水分最高,4、5、9、10月表层土壤水分最低;（3）年际变化上,2000-2001、2001-2002、2005-2006年北方大部分区域表层土壤水分增加,增加区域面积分别占总面积的79.2%、59.3%和71.4%,而2002-2003、2004-2005年大部分区域表层土壤水分减少,减少区域面积分别占总面积的53.9%和64.1%;（4）降水是影响土壤水分时空分布的一个重要因素。误差分析结果表明,基于条件温度植被指数的土壤水分遥感反演达到了较好的效果,能够较准确地反映北方地区干旱的分布及变化状况。  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of coatings on granitic substrates from urban and natural settings (NW Spain)     

Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez  Juan Ramón Vidal RomaníCarlos Alves 《Geomorphology》2012,138(1):231-242

Rock coatings are frequent on natural rock outcrops and even more on stone surfaces of historical buildings and monuments. They are interesting as some of them have a protective effect against erosion. In the last 30 years, research on rock coatings has been performed separately on either buildings or natural outcrops. This paper studies and compares thin coatings found on granitic rock surfaces of historical buildings with coatings found on natural granite outcrops in a same climatic area (NW Spain) by analysing their surface and cross-sections. As rock surfaces of buildings have known age they can be used to assess rates of weathering and coating growth. This is the first comparative study of formation of coatings on natural and built surfaces in the same region. Both endogenous (rock characteristics) and exogenous factors (climatic conditions, air pollution) that could affect the coatings formation are considered to assess the origin and formation of coatings. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyses of the underlying rocks, XRD analyses of the coatings and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations of surface and cross-sections of the coatings, performing Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray maps, were carried out to establish their composition. Fieldwork and results indicate that natural outcrops are widely covered by biological coatings or coatings formed due to rock weathering, while coatings found on rock ashlars are highly variable with air pollution, other building materials, organic droppings and micro-environmental factors contributing to coatings on rock ashlars in a more significant way than substrate characteristics and exposure time.  相似文献   

放射性核素¹³⁷Cs在示踪土壤侵蚀研究中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

王静慧  沙占江  马涛  张娟  陈小琴  祁永发 《盐湖研究》2012,20(2):59-65

近几十年来,土壤侵蚀日益加剧,伴随着土地质量的退化,已成为影响区域可持续发展的主要环境问题。利用放射性核素137Cs进行土壤侵蚀研究能够简便、快速、准确地获取土壤流失、沉积和空间重新分布等详细信息。从元素来源、空间分布、背景值、示踪原理、活度测定、转换模型等方面对该方法进行了详细描述,在总结其优缺点的基础上,对其未来的发展方向做出了展望。  相似文献