柞水银铅矿地表径流沉积物中污染物相态分析     

李英  曹军骥 《地球科学与环境学报》1998,20(1):9

采自柞水银铅矿地表径流６个沉积物样品,用连续提取法提取了金属元素的５种化学相态（可交换相、碳酸盐相,铁锰氧化物结合相,有机质－硫化物结合相及残渣相）,测定了各相中铜铅锌含量,分析了其分布特征。结果表明,在河流沉积物中,铜主要以残渣相和有机质相存在,铅、锌主要为铁锰水合氧化物相和碳酸盐相。在此基础上,对矿山开采中环境影响进行了讨论。  相似文献   

任丘油田开发过程中油田水水质演化特征研究     

陈锁忠  余俊吉 《高校地质学报》1998,4(3):338-345

对任丘油田开发过程中油田水水质特征及演化规律进行了初步分析,探讨了人工注水对油田水质的演化影响,其结果表明,注入水对油田水泊稀释混合作用明显,破坏了油层内部水－岩作用平衡,改变了井下原来的水文地球化学环境,根据诺模图求得的一些离子含量与其实际值之间存在明显差异,表明机械混合与水－岩相互作用并存,这与实际情况是吻合的。  相似文献   

Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the lattice parameters of Fe₂SiO₄ olivine up to 70 kbar     

Takehiko Yagi  Yoshiaki Ida  Yosiko Sato  Syun-Iti Akimoto 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1975,10(4):348-354

The pressure dependence of the three lattice parameters and unit cell volume of fayalite (Fe₂SiO₄ olivine) was determined by X-ray diffraction under hydrostatic pressures up to 70 kbar. In order to eliminate stress inhomogeneity within a composite material consisting of a specimen mixed with an internal-pressure standard, a liquid (1 : 1 mixture of ethanol and methanol) was used as a pressure-transmitting medium. The isothermal bulk modulus calculated on the basis of the second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state gives the values K₀ = 1.19 ± 0.10 Mbar and K₀′ = 7 ± 4, and if we assume K₀′ = 5: K₀ = 1.24 ± 0.02 Mbar. Three axes of fayalite were found to be compressible in the following order, b >c >a. Comparisons with the results obtained under non-hydrostatic compression are made.  相似文献   

Magnetic properties of ferromagnetic ilmenites     

T. Nagata  S. Akimoto 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1956,34(1):36-50

Summary Magnetic and crystallographic properties of solid solutionsxFeTiO₃. (1–x) Fe₂O₃ of hematite (Fe₂O₃) and ilmenite (FeTiO₃), which have rhombohedral crystal structure, are examined in detail for the whole range of 0 x 1. Samples examined are mineral grains separated out from natural rocks and artificially synthesized ones. The minerals of the hematite-ilmenite series for 0.55<x are ferromagnetic and their Curie-point decreases in proportion to increase inx, becoming 0 C aroundx=0.8. Those for 0.55 >x >0 are feeble ferromagnetic, probably being anti-ferromagnetic just same as hematite. Finally probable cause of the ferromagnetism forx>0.55 is briefly discussed. It seems that presence of ferromagnetic ilmenite must always be taken into consideration whenever magnetism of rocks is studied in relation to various geophysical phenomena.

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Zusammenfassung Die magnetischen und krystallographischen Eigenschaften der festen LösungenxFeTiO₃. (1–x) Fe₂O₃ von Hämatit (Fe₂O₃) und Ilmenit (FeTiO₃), die eine rhombohedrale Krystallstruktur haben, wurden im ganzen Bereich von 0 x 1 ausführlich untersucht. Die untersuchten Proben waren aus Naturgesteinen getrennten sowie aus zusammengesetzten künstlichen Mineralkörner. Die Minerale der Hämatit-Ilmenitschen Reihe von 0.55<x sind ferromagnetisch, und ihr Curie-Punkt nimmt proportional mit der Zunahme vonx ab, und fallsx ungefähr 0.8 erreicht, wird er 0 C. Die Minerale von 0.55 >x >0 sind hingegen schwach ferromagnetisch, und vielleicht sind sie genau wie das Hämatit antiferromagnetisch. Zum Schlusse wurde die wahrscheinliche Ursache des Ferromagnetismus im Umfang von x>0.55 kurz besprochen. Es scheint, dass man das Vorhandensein von ferromagnetischem Ilmcnit immer dann in Betracht ziehen muss, wenn man den Gesteinmagnetismus in Bezug auf die verschiedenen geophysikalischen Phänomene untersucht.

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Résumé On étudie les proprietés magnétiques et cristallographiques des solutions solides rhombohédralesxFeTiO₃. (1–x) Fe₂O₃ de l'hématite (Fe₂O₃) et de l'ilménite (FeTiO₃) pour l'étendue totale de 0 x 1. Les échantillons examinés sont des minéraux séparés par des grains naturels et des grains artificiellement synthétisés. On montre que les minéraux de la série hématite-ilménite sont ferromagnétiques pourx>0.55 et que leur point de Curie diminue en proportion à l'acroissement de x: il est atteind à 0 C quandx est environ 0.8. Les minéraux pour 0.55 >x >0 sont faiblement ferromagnétiques, étant probablement antiferromagnétiques comme l'hématite pure. Finalement, on discute briévement l'origine probable du ferromagnétisme des solutions solides dans l'étenduex>0.55. Il semble que la présence de l'ilménite ferromagnétique doit Être considérée lorsqu'on étudie le magnétisme des roches par rapport aux divers phénomènes géophysiques.

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Clinoamphibole lamellae in diopside of garnet lherzolite from Alpe Arami,Bellinzona, Switzerland     

Yoshiaki Yamaguchi  Junji Akai  Katsutoshi Tomita 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1978,66(3):263-270

Porphyroclastic diopside in garnet lherzolite from Alpe Arami, Bellinzona, Switzerland includes optically-visible clinoamphibole lamellae with a composition intermediate between pargasite and edenite. X-ray and electron microscopic observations show that the diopside crystal contains sub-microscopic thin clinoamphibole lamellae parallel to (010), which have coherent interfaces to the host. A kind of planar defect parallel to (010) in clinopyroxene structure, as suggested by Chisholm (1973), is shown here to correspond to intercalation of a 9 Å lattice fringe of double-chain structure in the electron micrograph of the diopside. The thin clinoamphibole lamellae are observed to be segregated domains consisting of two and more 9 Å fringes.From the chemical characteristics and textural relations of the development of such clinoamphiboles, the chemical change required to form them is considered to have been caused principally by decreasing solubility of atoms such as Na, Al and Cr in clinopyroxene structure during the retrogressive reequilibration. Also, a possibility of finite solid solution of clinoamphibole in clinopyroxene is discussed.  相似文献   

岱海与太湖沉积物焦碳和烟炱最近200年历史对比研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

韩永明  曹军骥  金章东  刘随心  安芷生 《第四纪研究》2010,30(3)

黑碳是不完全燃烧产生的一种难熔的含碳物质的连续统一体,由焦碳(char)和烟炱(soot)组成.岱海与太湖沉积物焦碳和烟炱浓度对比显示,两个湖泊焦碳浓度和通量变化受局地火事件影响,无明显的规律; 而烟炱具有相似的变化历史,主要反映在1970年代后期急剧升高,与中国工业化历史一致.烟炱粒径细小,具区域传输特点,可以通过沉积物指示大气烟炱.结合当前大气气溶胶烟炱浓度,恢复了岱海与太湖地区最近200年来的大气烟炱浓度.其变化趋势与200年来北半球温度对比显示,大气烟炱中的高浓度对应于高温,低浓度对应低温.这种历史关系进一步证实大气烟炱在全球增温中具有极其重要的作用.  相似文献   

Construction of Structural Geological Model Using Monte Carlo Simulation     

Xavier  Bruna Catarino  Egydio-Silva  Marcos  Sadowski  Georg Robert  de Assis Silva  Bruno  Takara  Victor Junji 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2022,40(3):1345-1361

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - To optimize the prediction of structural geological conditions in the underground as of data collected at the surface, due to the usual great uncertainties...  相似文献   

The heterogeneous condensation of interstellar ice grains     

Junji Seki  Hiroichi Hasegawa 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1983,94(1):177-189

Processes of heterogeneous condensation are investigated. We consider the situation that vapor and solid grains of which material is other than that of the vapor coexist and the saturation of the vapor increases with time. If the contact angle of the condensate to the solid is small (?90°), the condensate will be formed as mantles coating the solid grains but only a fraction of the solid grains will be coated by mantles. The ratio of core-mantle grains to bare solid grains in number will be smaller as the density of the vapor and the time scale of saturation increase are large. Actual calculations are made by adopting H₂O ice as the mantle material and magnesium silicate as the core material.  相似文献   

Continuous Measurement of Number Concentrations and Elemental Composition of Aerosol Particles for a Dust Storm Event in Beijing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Renjian  HAN Zhiwei  SHEN Zhenxing  CAO Junji 《大气科学进展》2008,25(1):89-95

A continuous measurement of number size distributions and chemical composition of aerosol particles was conducted in Beijing in a dust storm event during 21-26 March 2001. The number concentration of coarse particles （ 〉2μm） increased more significantly than fine particles （ 〈2μm） during the dust storm due to dust weather, while the anthropogenic aerosols collected during the non-dust-storm period tended to be associated with fine particles. Elemental compositions were analyzed by using proton-induced X-ray emission （PIXE）. The results show that 20 elements in the dust storm were much higher than in the non-dust-storm period. The calculated soil dust concentration during the dust storm was, on average, 251.8μg m^-3, while it was only 52.1μg m^-3 on non-dust-storm days. The enrichment factors for Mg, A1, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, C1, Cu, Pb, and Zn show small variations between the dust storm and the non-dust-storm period, while those for Ca, Ni and Cr in the dust storm were much lower than those in the non-dust-storm period due to significant local emission sources. A high concentration and enrichment factor for S were observed during the dust storm, which implies that the dust particles were contaminated by aerosol particles from anthropogenic emissions during the long-range transport. A statistical analysis shows that the elemental composition of particles collected during the dust storm in Beijing were better correlated with those of desert soil colleted from desert regions in Inner Mongolia. Air mass back-trajectory analysis further confirmed that this dust storm event could be identified as streaks of dust plumes originating from Inner Mongolia.  相似文献   

Effect of structure-directing agent on AlPO₄-n synthesis from aluminum dross     

Norihiro Murayama  Kou Arimura  Nobuaki Okajima  Junji Shibata 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2009,93(2):110-114

The hydrothermal synthesis of AlPO₄-n which is a functional material of aluminophosphate, was conducted from two kinds of aluminum dross discharged in an aluminum regeneration factory. The effect of structure-directing agent (SDA) on the formation behavior of AlPO₄-n from aluminum dross, the suitable condition to obtain AlPO₄-n efficiently, and the pore structure and gas adsorption property were investigated in this study.AlPO₄-5 and AlPO₄-34 are mainly formed from aluminum dross as a raw material, and it is possible to make AlPO₄-5 successfully as a main product by adjusting the amount of triethylamine (TEA) as SDA. The gas adsorption amount with AlPO₄-5 is the following order; ammonia > dipropylamine > benzene, and it is found that this order mainly corresponds with the polarity of molecule among them.  相似文献