Enter the working forest: Discourse analysis in the Northern Forest     

Steven A. Wolf  Jeffrey A. Klein 《Geoforum》2007,38(5):985-998

In 1988, four states in the northeastern USA commissioned a study to address land use changes in the Northern Forest, 26 million acres of temperate and boreal forest extending from Maine to eastern New York State. Against a backdrop of economic destabilization and concerns regarding social and ecological implications of a real estate boom, the sustained deliberative dialogue catalyzed by this study has come to rely heavily on the ambiguous concept of “working forest.” To clarify political and environmental dynamics in the region, we analyzed how people respond to and seek to capitalize on the interpretive flexibility of the term working forest. We combine an analysis of socio-political discourses of working forest based on a structured literature review with an assessment of local peoples’ definitions of working forest based on a survey conducted in a pair of contrasting New York State communities. The first study site represents an amenity-oriented community (i.e. a place where the forest supports a service economy including recreation and tourism) and the other study site represents a timber-dependent community. By linking data from community-level analysis to data derived from a general analysis of forest politics, we seek to develop a more robust perspective. By comparing discourses across differently structured communities, we investigate how local forest politics are mediated by local economic development processes. Our study empirically illustrates contested and geographically uneven processes of social construction of environment and rural development in a region confronting pressures of globalization. Results indicate that timber harvesting is a heavily privileged management objective, as a logic of ‘the forest that pays is the forest that stays’ dominates. Environmental politics in the region, and perhaps more generally, increasingly conforms to a form of pragmatism in which economic opportunities structure conservation planning and investment.  相似文献   

Metamictization and U-PB isotopic discordance in single zircons: a combined Raman microprobe and SHRIMP ion probe study   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

L. Nasdala  R. T. Pidgeon  D. Wolf  G. Irmer 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1998,62(1-2):1-27

Summary We report results of a combined SHRIMP ion microprobe and Raman microprobe study of the correlation between metamictization and U-Pb isotopic discordance of zircon. The spatial resolution of the SHRIMP and Raman probe used are about 200 m³ and 80 m³, respectively. This allows a direct comparison of U-Pb isotopic discordance and metamictization of small areas within zircon crystals. We show that the impact of the oxygen ion beam on the zircon during the SHRIMP analysis does not cause significant amorphization or recrystallization in the remaining zircon on a scale of 1 m. Consequently, it is possible to determine the initial degree of metamictization of zircon within and adjacent to a SHRIMP analytical spot by Raman microprobe measurements after performing SHRIMP analyses. A combination of the two microprobe techniques gives information on the concentration and distribution of radionuclides as well as the degree of metamictization and its heterogeneity and the lateral age distribution within the grain. We found that the degree of U-Pb isotopic discordance correlates closely with the degree of metamictization within single zircon grains, on a scale of 15 m, which is consistent with previous results on the scale of single and multiple zircon grains showing that metamictization enhances the relative potential for secondary loss of radiogenic lead in zircon.

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Metamiktisierung und U-Pb-Isotopendiskordanz in Einzelzirkonen: eine komplexe Untersuchung mittels Ramanmikrosonde und SHRIMP Ionensonde

Zusammenfassung Wir präsentieren die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung des Zussammenhangs von Metamiktisierung und U-Pb Isotopendiskordanz in Zirkonen mittles kombinierter SHRIMP-Ionenmikrosonden- und Ramanmikrosondenanalysen. Die räumliche Auflösung der verwendeten Analysensysteme, experimentell mit 200 m³ (SHRIMP) und 80 m³ (Ramansonde) bestimmt, gestattet den direkten Vergleich der in Mikrobereichen innerhalb von Zirkon-Einkristallen gemessenen Isotopendiskordanzen und Metamiktisierungsgrade. Wir zeigen, daß der während der SHRIMP-Analyse auf den Zirkon einwirkende Sauerstoffionenstrahl weder signifikante Amorphisierung noch Rekristallisation des benachbarten Zirkonmaterials im 1 m-Bereich hervorruft. Es ist deshalb möglich, den Grad der Metamiktisierung eines Zirkon-Mikrobereiches auch in den SHRIMP-Analysengrübchen, d.h. erst nach dem Analysieren dieses Bereiches mit der Ionensonde, mittels hochauflösender Ramanmessungen unverfälscht zu bestimmen. Der Einsatz beider Mikromethoden liefert kombinierte Informationen zu den Gehalten und Verteilungen radioaktiver Elemente, zum Grad der Metamiktisierung und seiner Heterogenität und zur lateralen Altersverteilung innerhalb von Einzelkörnern. Wir weisen eine deutliche Korrelation des Grades der U-Pb-Isotopendiskordanz mit dem Grad der Metamiktisierung im Mikrobereich (15 m Auflösung) nach. Dies stimmt mit früheren, an Einzelzirkonen und Populationen getätigten Beobachtungen überein, daß die Metamiktisierung von Zirkon dessen Potential zu sekundären Bleiverlusten erhöht.

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Comments on the paper: ‘Seismic response due to travelling shear wave including soil-structure interaction with base-mat uplift’     

Michio Iguchi  J. P. Wolf 《地震工程与结构动力学》1978,6(6):585-591

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Mikrofazielle Untersuchungsmethoden von Kalken | Flügel,E., 1978. (Methods of Investigation of Limestone Microfacies.) Springer-Verlag,Heidelberg, Berlin,New York, 454 pp., D.M. 78.00, U.S. $39.00     

Karl H. Wolf 《Earth》1979,14(4):368-370

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Late Quaternary Paleoceanography of the Gulf of Aqaba (Elat), Red Sea     

Z. Reiss  B. Luz  A. Almogi-Labin  E. Halicz  A. Winter  M. Wolf  D. A. Ross 《Quaternary Research》1980,14(3):294-308

The quantitative distribution of planktonic foraminifera, pteropods, and coccolithophorids, as well as oxygen-isotope variations were analyzed in four deep-sea cores from the Gulf of Aqaba (Elat) and the northernmost Red Sea. The core record covers about 150,000 yr. Detailed stratigraphic subdivision is facilitated by combining all calcareous plankton groups. Time-stratigraphic correlation and dating beyond the radiocarbon range are possible by comparison of the oxygen-isotope curves. During the glacial maximum salinity rose to more than 50‰, while winter temperature of the upper waters fell by at least 4°C compared to the present. The rise in salinity can be accounted for by sea-strait dynamics and lowering of sea level. The Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea were continuously connected through the Straits of Tiran, and there is no indication of desiccation during the glacial maximum.  相似文献   

Prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits | M. Kuz`vart and M. Böhmer, 1978. Elsevier,Amsterdam, 431 pp., Dfl. 130.00, U.S. $ 55.00     

Karl H. Wolf 《Earth》1980,15(4):406-407

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Meteoritic material at four Canadian impact craters     

Rainer Wolf  Alicia B. Woodrow  Richard A.F. Grieve 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1980,44(7):1015-1022

Eleven impact melt and 6 basement rock samples from 4 craters were analyzed by neutron activation for Au, Co, Cr, Fe, Ge, Ir, Ni, Os, Pd, Re and Se. Wanapitei Lake, Ontario: the impact melts show uniform enrichments corresponding to 1–2% C1-chondrite material. Interelement ratios ($\text{Co}\text{Cr}$, $\text{Ni}\text{Cr}$, $\text{Ni}\text{Ir}$) suggest that the impacting body was a Cl-, C2-, or LL-chondrite. Nicholson Lake, North West Territory: Ni, Cr and Co are distinctly more enriched than Ir and Au which tentatively suggests an olivine-rich achondrite (nakhlite or ureilite). Gow Lake, Saskatchewan and Mistastin, Labrador: small enrichments in Ir and Ni; both the low $\text{Ir}\text{Ni}$ ratios and low Cr content suggest iron meteorites, but the signals are too weak for conclusive identification.A tentative comparison of meteoritic signatures at 10 large, ≥4km craters and their presumed celestial counterparts (13 Apollo and Amor asteroids) shows more irons and achondrites among known projectile types, and a preponderance of S-type objects, having no known meteoritic equivalent, among asteroids. It is not yet clear that these differences are significant, in view of the tentative nature of the crater identifications (achondrites in particular), and the limited statistics.  相似文献   

Heidornit Na2Ca3[Cl · (SO4)2 · B5O8(OH)2] ein neues Bormineral aus dem Zechsteinanhydrit Mit einer röntgenographischen Untersuchung     

Prof. Dr. Wolf v. Engelhardt  Hans Füchtbauer  Josef Zemann 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1956,5(3):177-186

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Beziehungen zwischen der Makroporosität von Ionenaustauscherharzen und deren anwendungstechnischen Eigenschaftskennwerten     

F. Wolf  W. John 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1977,5(1):81-86

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Die Geowissenschaft und ihre Bedeutung für die Zukunft der Zivilisation     

Prof. Dr. Wolf von Engelhardt 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1974,63(3):793-819

Geoscience forms — besides Physics, Astronomy, Chemistry, and Biology — a specific domain of Science, characterized by its subjects and objects. Geoscience embraces all disciplines which are inquiring into the present configuration of the earth and its spheres, which intend to explain by natural laws the evolution of the earth and the life and which try to predict future developments. Solid bodies of the planetary system are subjects of geoscience insofar geoscientific methods can be applied. Geoscientists have profoundly contributed to the growth of the technological civilisation by discovering and exploiting sources for the supply of energy and raw materials. During the last decades the annual production of most of these materials has grown exponentially. This is shown, exemplarily, for iron, copper and mercury. Considering the exponential growth of the world population, the future life of mankind on earth is at stake because conventional resources, necessary for the maintenance of agriculture and technology, are running short and physical conditions essential for life are, because of geological reasons, finite and deteriorated by human activities. It is only by changing moral, political, economic and technical foundations of culture and civilisation that mankind can avoid extinction which was the ultimate fate of all species in the geological past. In the attempts to overcome the impending difficulties Geoscience has to play an important role of great responsibility: Only Geoscience can provide and develop by further research methods and knowledge which are necessary in order to evaluate the finite potentials available in the earth and the geological processes which both form the framework to which the future life of mankind has to be adjusted.  相似文献