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31.
MODIS水汽通量估算方法在华北平原农田的适应性验证 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用遥感手段估算区域水汽通量对研究区域气候变化及生态系统功能评价颇具意义。但是由于估算模式涉及时空差异很大的地表特征参数很难完全通过遥感数据获得,因此MODIS水汽通量数据产品 (MOD16) 至今尚未问世。本研究以中科院禹城综合实验站2002年4~5月份冬小麦田的涡度相关实测水汽通量为标准,验证MOD16算法所估算的农田水汽通量,结果表明直接使用MOD16算法计算的麦田水汽通量比实测水汽通量平均偏大近20%。对其中的作物三基点温度、空气动力学阻抗计算方法和植被覆盖度进行修正,修正后的MOD16计算结果和实测值非常吻合,1:1曲线斜率为0.9706,相关系数R2为0.8845。这为利用MODIS数据大面积估算农田水汽通量提供了科学依据。 相似文献
32.
Abstract: The gold content in siliceous deposits formed from geothermal waters at the Hatchobaru geothermal power station in central Kyushu, Japan, was determined by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). It ranges from 1.3 to 4.6 mg/kg. The highest gold content was obtained from the siliceous deposit formed from acidic waters. In this siliceous deposit, hydrous iron(III) oxide of amorphous state is a major constituent, suggesting that hydrous iron(III) oxide might play an important role when gold is concentrated into siliceous deposits formed from acidic and iron-rich geothermal waters. 相似文献
33.
1 INTRODUCTION The conventional method for numerical study of coastal sedimentary processes has been based on the solution of a phase-averaged wave equation, the steady nearshore current equations, the continuity equation for sediment, and an empirical net sediment transport equation. This strategy has advantages in meso-scale problems but it loses accuracy in the vicinity of a structure, where local scour usually occurs. To have a good representation of both meso-scale sediment transport … 相似文献
34.
WATANABE Masataka WANG Qinxue HAYASHI Seiji MURAKAMI ShogoLIU Jiyuan OUYANG Zhu LI Yan LI Yingnian WANG Kelin 《地理学报》2005,15(2):131-141
The Integrated Environmental Monitoring (IEM) project, part of the Asia-Pacific Environmental Innovation Strategy (APEIS) project, developed an integrated environmental monitoring system that can be used to detect, monitor, and assess environmental disasters, degradation, and their impacts in the Asia-Pacific region. The system primarily employs data from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) sensor on the Earth Observation System- (EOS-) Terra/Aqua satellite, as well as those from ground observations at five sites in different ecological systems in China. From the preliminary data analysis on both annual and daily variations of water, heat and CO2 fluxes, we can confirm that this system basically has been working well. The results show that both latent flux and CO2 flux are much greater in the crop field than those in the grassland and the saline desert, whereas the sensible heat flux shows the opposite trend. Different data products from MODIS have very different correspondence, e.g. MODIS-derived land surface temperature has a close correlation with measured ones, but LAI and NPP are quite different from ground measurements, which suggests that the algorithms used to process MODIS data need to be revised by using the local dataset. We are now using the APEIS-FLUX data to develop an integrated model, which can simulate the regional water, heat, and carbon fluxes. Finally, we are expected to use this model to develop more precise high-order MODIS products in Asia-Pacific region. 相似文献
35.
气候变化对太行山土壤水分及植被的影响 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
在太行山低山区将自然植被移入蒸渗仪,观察当降水分别为常年平均降水量的80%、90%、100%、110%和120%等5种处理条件下,植被生产力和土壤的不同反映。研究发现:受验植被对降水反映敏感,降水每增加10%,植被生产力增加15%左右,预示未来全球变化导致的降水变化会对太行山低山区植被产生影响。同时在利用野外实验结果对WAVES模型进行验证的基础上,模拟了不同温度和降水变化情景下,土壤水分的可能变化趋势。结果表明:增温和减少降水对土壤水分负作用明显,尽管降水增加可改善土壤的水分供应状况,但降水增加10%对土壤水分的正面影响,大体被3 oC的增温抵消。由于模型模拟中采用的是与目前没有改变降水条件的实验相同的植被(LAI),而植被生长在太行山这一半湿润、半干旱地区又受土壤水分控制,因而估计未来气候变化情景下的植被变化与土壤水分的变化趋势相似。 相似文献
36.
Akiko UCHIDA Takushi YOKOYAMA Yoshinobu MOTOMURA Akane MIYAZAKI Yoshihiro OKAUE Koichiro WATANABE Eiji IZAWA 《Resource Geology》2002,52(3):223-230
Abstract: The adsorption of gold on iron(III) and aluminum hydroxides from solutions containing Au(III) complexes has been studied as a function of pH and chloride concentration at 30C. Iron(III) hydroxide was more effective in adsorbing gold from solution than aluminum hydroxide. However, both hydroxides controlled the behavior of Au(III) complex with very similar manner. The most effective gold adsorption occurred in aqueous solution with near neutral pH and low Cl concentration. In this solution condition, Au(III) complexes were mainly dissolved as AuCl2 (OH)2 - and AuCl(OH)3 - , and the surface charge for both hydroxides was positive. In addition, the adsorbed Au(III) complexes were spontaneously reduced to elemental gold in spite of the absence of a specific reducing agent.
The results of this study suggest that adsorption and spontaneous reduction of gold complexes on the surface of hydrous metal oxides with positive charge play an important role in gold precipitation in subsurface environment. 相似文献
The results of this study suggest that adsorption and spontaneous reduction of gold complexes on the surface of hydrous metal oxides with positive charge play an important role in gold precipitation in subsurface environment. 相似文献
37.
渡边正孝 王勤学 林诚二 MURAKAMI Shogo LIU Jiyuan OUYANG Zhu LI Yan LI Yingnian Wang Kelin 《地理学报(英文版)》2005,15(2):131-141
The Integrated Environmental Monitoring (IEM) project, part of the Asia-Pacific Environmental Innovation Strategy (APEIS) project, developed an integrated environmental monitoring system that can be used to detect, monitor, and assess environmental disasters, degradation, and their impacts in the Asia-Pacific region. The system primarily employs data from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) sensor on the Earth Observation System- (EOS-) Terra/Aqua satellite,as well as those from ground observations at five sites in different ecological systems in China. From the preliminary data analysis on both annual and daily variations of water, heat and CO2 fluxes, we can confirm that this system basically has been working well. The results show that both latent flux and CO2 flux are much greater in the crop field than those in the grassland and the saline desert, whereas the sensible heat flux shows the opposite trend. Different data products from MODIS have very different correspondence, e.g. MODIS-derived land surface temperature has a close correlation with measured ones, but LAI and NPP are quite different from ground measurements, which suggests that the algorithms used to process MODIS data need to be revised by using the local dataset. We are now using the APEIS-FLUX data to develop an integrated model, which can simulate the regional water,heat, and carbon fluxes. Finally, we are expected to use this model to develop more precise high-order MODIS products in Asia-Pacific region. 相似文献
38.
铟是一种稀有金属,它在高科技产业中的应用价值越来越受到人们的普遍关注。由于供求矛盾突出,其消费价格水平不断上涨。目前,世界矿业界在铟业投入的技术和资金支持不断增加,以寻求满足日益增长的经济发展的需求。但相对来说,与铟有关的地质工作程度较低,新探明的储量远远跟不上其消费的增长水平,因此,有必要加大地质投入,探求新的资源量,保障世界经济可持续发展的要求。文章在总结前人研究成果的基础上,综述了世界上铟矿床的分布及其地质构造背景,以及铟矿物学、矿床成因和成矿机制等方面的最新研究成果。文章指出,为了寻找潜在的铟资源,必须加强铟的基础地质研究工作,在对铟的成因矿物学、成矿机制及其成矿环境进行深入系统研究的基础上,建立铟矿床的成矿模型和找矿勘查模型。 相似文献
39.
长江流域稻田生态系统的水分和养分转换过程 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
田间模拟施肥进步和灌溉模式的定位试验在中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站进行。结果表明施肥制度和水分管理模式显著地影响水分和养分的转化过程和生产效益。单施N的产量效应为4.5 kg/kg,而NP或NPK配施养分总的产量效应分别为8.8 kg/kg和8.0 kg/kg;有机物料循环的增产率为56.8%,在有机物料循环的基础上配施NPK化肥最大的增产率可达到80.1%;化肥应用的进步可使水稻产量增长62.5%或通过施肥实现的水稻产量中由于化肥应用所占的贡献份额为38.4%,有机无机肥配合水稻产量增长80.1%,或通过施肥达到的产量中有机无机肥配合所占的份额为44.4%。本区双季稻年灌溉需水量为5838 m3/hm2,年变异C.V = 8.3%。晚稻灌溉占全年的71%,7~9月是灌溉需水高峰期,占全年灌溉量的68%。生产灌溉效率 (灌溉水量与产量之比)：生物量3.67 kg/m3,精谷量1.48 kg/m3。常规管理田间水分分配为：蒸散占1/2,翻耕整地占1/6,植物构成占1/21,田间渗漏占1/14,其它环境耗水 (维持) 占1/5。耕灌雨养管理翻耕整地和田间渗漏比例过高。不同灌溉处理试验表明：双季稻生产的灌溉,以早稻保持水层灌溉,晚稻按需配额灌溉的模式比较适宜。 相似文献
40.
从20世纪50年代到80年代长江宜昌水文站观测的泥沙输送量逐年增加,但是到了90年代却出现了逐渐减少的趋势。泥沙量增加的原因主要是乱伐森林和土地利用方式的快速改变,而减少的原因则可能是采取了一系列防止水土流失的对策和在上游修建了许多大坝而造成的。嘉陵江流域是长江泥沙的主要源区之一,90年代每年从嘉陵江流域到长江的输沙量减少到1988年前的约36%。因此,分析该流域每年泥沙输送动态及其变化原因,对制定减小水土流失的森林规划,防止三峡水库的淤积以及保护长江流域的生存环境和生态系统等具有重大意义。本研究开发并改进了一个流域集水坡面上的侵蚀模型,并将它应用到1987年的嘉陵江流域,以对其适用性进行了研究。结果表明,该模式可被用于月度泥沙生产量的评估中。 相似文献