Toxicity comparison of biosurfactants and synthetic surfactants used in oil spill remediation to two estuarine species   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Edwards KR  Lepo JE  Lewis MA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(10):1309-1316

The relative environmental toxicities of synthetic and biogenic surfactants used in oil spill remediation efforts are not well understood. Acute and chronic toxicities of three synthetic surfactants and three microbiologically produced surfactants were determined and compared in this study for the estuarine epibenthic invertebrate, Mysidopsis bahia and the inland silverside, Menidia beryllina. The toxicities of the surfactant were determined in standard laboratory static and static-renewal tests of 4-7 d duration. Results were specific to the surfactant, response parameter and test species. The LC50 values (nominal concentrations) for M. bahia ranged from 3.3 mg/l (Triton X-100) to >1000 mg/l (PES-61) and 2.5 mg/l (Triton X-100) to 413.6 mg/l (PES-61) for M. beryllina. Chronic first-effect concentrations (mg/l) for the six surfactants ranged from 2.3 to 465.0 (M. beryllina) and 1.0 to >1000.0 (M. bahia) based on reductions in growth and fecundity. Few generalizations could be made concerning the results due to their variability but M. bahia was generally the more sensitive species and the toxicities of the biosurfactants were intermediate to those of the synthetic surfactants.  相似文献   

地层重力分异在改善水锥进油藏开发效果中的应用     

Bowl.  KR 罗水发 《国外石油地质》1999,21(2):35-36,49

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新疆南天山景汗花岗质岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义          下载免费PDF全文

陈士海  钟文  张健仁 《华东地质》2020,(2):128-141

位于新疆南天山和硕县北部的景汗花岗质岩体,为研究南天山造山带构造演化提供了重要信息。岩体岩性以二长花岗岩为主,石英二长闪长岩和二云母花岗岩次之。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,岩体成岩年龄为(311.3±4.4)Ma～(297.2±4.2)Ma,属晚石炭世岩浆活动的产物。岩体SiO₂含量为54.20%～74.22%,全碱(ALK)为5.12%～9.25%,具有高钾钙碱性系列岩石的特征。A/CNK值为0.77～1.07,属于准铝质-弱过铝质花岗岩类。∑REE为(44～288)×10^-6,(La/Yb)_N值为1.83～44.75,表明轻稀土元素富集较为明显。δEu值为0.54 ～0.93,整体表现为弱亏损特征。花岗质岩浆可能是地壳的部分熔融的产物,并与幔源基性岩浆发生过混合作用。该岩体形成于塔里木板块与伊犁—哈萨克斯坦板块碰撞造山作用晚期阶段,属于碰撞-后碰撞构造环境,南天山晚古生代残余海盆在晚石炭世最终闭合。  相似文献   

Semipermeable membrane devices link site-specific contaminants to effects: PART II - A comparison of lingering Exxon Valdez oil with other potential sources of CYP1A inducers in Prince William Sound, Alaska   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Short JW  Springman KR  Lindeberg MR  Holland LG  Larsen ML  Sloan CA  Khan C  Hodson PV  Rice SD 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(5):487-498

We deployed semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) on beaches for 28 days at 53 sites in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, to evaluate the induction potential from suspected sources of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A)-inducing contaminants. Sites were selected to assess known point sources, or were chosen randomly to evaluate the region-wide sources. After deployment, SPMD extracts were analyzed chemically for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These results were compared with hepatic CYP1A enzyme activity of juvenile rainbow trout injected with the same extracts prior to clean-up for the chemical analyses. Increased CYP1A activity was strongly associated with PAH concentrations in extracts, especially chrysene homologues but was not associated with POPs. The only apparent sources of chrysene homologues were lingering oil from Exxon Valdez, asphalt and bunker fuels released from storage tanks during the 1964 Alaska earthquake, creosote leaching from numerous pilings at one site, and PAH-contaminated sediments at Cordova Harbor. Our results indicate that PWS is remarkably free of pollution from PAH when nearby sources are absent as well as from pesticides and PCBs generally.  相似文献