Inductive electric field of a time-dependent ring current     

C.H. Murphy  C.S. Wang  J.S. Kim 《Planetary and Space Science》1975,23(8):1205-1209

The inductive electric field generated by a time-dependent symmetric ring current has been investigated. The symmetric ring current was modelled by a population of protons drifting in a magnetic dipole field. The interaction of these protons with ion-cyclotron waves was assumed to be the dominant energy loss process for the ring current protons, at least under certain conditions. The calculation, with spectral densities for the ion-cyclotron waves that are based on experimental data, showed that an azimuthal inductive electric field of as much as 0.25 mV/m can be produced by this mechanism. Furthermore there is evidence that if the spectral density of the waves is substantially larger than the one adopted here, the electric field might increase to the order of 1.0 mV/m or more.  相似文献   

Calculated Variations in the H⁺ Content of the Plasmasphere     

J. A. Murphy  G. J. Bailey  R. J. Moffett 《Geophysical Journal International》1975,41(3):319-325

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TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ON VANCOUVER ISLAND: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CORE-PERIPHERY MODEL *     

Peter E. Murphy  Betty Andressen 《The Professional geographer》1988,40(1):32-42

This paper examines tourism development on Vancouver Island, B.C. in terms of the core-periphery approach to regional planning. It examines whether a core area (Victoria) is willing to share its tourism business with the rest of the island, and then focuses on the situation in a peripheral region (the Cowichan Valley Regional District–CVRD). A discriminant analysis of CVRD residents reveals they have different views regarding tourism's potential and future in their region. A follow-up analysis, reflecting a change in the scale of enquiry and local core-periphery conditions, shows residents'perceptions and priorities will change according to their respective area groupings. This analysis reveals that residents of a peripheral region, who are expected to participate in and welcome tourism development initiatives developed by senior levels of government, will in fact have different opinions regarding the industry and its potential. These differences are linked to present levels of tourism activity within the periphery and the varying community aspirations linking tourism's development potential with local needs and priorities.  相似文献   

Second-Order Correction to the Reed-Otterman Theory     

S. L. Kahalas  B. L. Murphy 《Geophysical Journal International》1971,26(1-4):379-389

Summary The theory of Reed and Otterman, which describes the propagation of a weak shock wave in an inhomogeneous medium, is extended to include the next higher-order term of relative overpressure. This extension allows a matching of theory to initial starting conditions of the shock at a point closer to the source than the Reed-Otterman theory itself. The modified theory gives a value of the shock pressure that agrees well with the numerical calculation performed by Greene and Whitaker for the upward moving shock wave from a low altitude detonation.  相似文献   

Acoustic-Gravity Wave Generation at 120 km Altitude by Sea Level Detonation: A Preliminary Analysis of the Greene-Whitaker Calculation     

S. L. Kahalas  B. L. Murphy 《Geophysical Journal International》1971,26(1-4):391-398

Summary The Greene and Whitaker mechanism for the production of an acoustic- gravity wave in the 100-km region of the ionosphere is discussed from a physical point of view. The shock wave from a low altitude detonation propagates upward and, interacting with the atmosphere in the 100-km region, produces a horizontally propagating acoustic-gravity wave. Several aspects of this phenomenon are discussed. The initial period of the generated waves is in the 200–300 s range, the energy associated with the wave is about 0.3 per cent of the yield, and the wave generated appears to result principally from the refraction of the shock at the 100-km level.  相似文献   

Obituary Robert W. Pennak     

Myron D. Groskopp  Hugh J. Murphy 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2004,66(4):i-i

Obituary

Obituary Robert W. Pennak  相似文献   

The DynaMICCS perspective     

S. Turck-Chièze  P. Lamy  C. Carr  P. H. Carton  A. Chevalier  I. Dandouras  J. M. Defise  S. Dewitte  T. Dudok de Wit  J. P. Halain  S. Hasan  J. F. Hochedez  T. Horbury  P. Levacher  M. Meissonier  N. Murphy  P. Rochus  A. Ruzmaikin  W. Schmutz  G. Thuillier  S. Vivès 《Experimental Astronomy》2009,23(3):1017-1055

The DynaMICCS mission is designed to probe and understand the dynamics of crucial regions of the Sun that determine solar variability, including the previously unexplored inner core, the radiative/convective zone interface layers, the photosphere/chromosphere layers and the low corona. The mission delivers data and knowledge that no other known mission provides for understanding space weather and space climate and for advancing stellar physics (internal dynamics) and fundamental physics (neutrino properties, atomic physics, gravitational moments...). The science objectives are achieved using Doppler and magnetic measurements of the solar surface, helioseismic and coronographic measurements, solar irradiance at different wavelengths and in-situ measurements of plasma/energetic particles/magnetic fields. The DynaMICCS payload uses an original concept studied by Thalès Alenia Space in the framework of the CNES call for formation flying missions: an external occultation of the solar light is obtained by putting an occulter spacecraft 150 m (or more) in front of a second spacecraft. The occulter spacecraft, a LEO platform of the mini sat class, e.g. PROTEUS, type carries the helioseismic and irradiance instruments and the formation flying technologies. The latter spacecraft of the same type carries a visible and infrared coronagraph for a unique observation of the solar corona and instrumentation for the study of the solar wind and imagers. This mission must guarantee long (one 11-year solar cycle) and continuous observations (duty cycle > 94%) of signals that can be very weak (the gravity mode detection supposes the measurement of velocity smaller than 1 mm/s). This assumes no interruption in observation and very stable thermal conditions. The preferred orbit therefore is the L1 orbit, which fits these requirements very well and is also an attractive environment for the spacecraft due to its low radiation and low perturbation (solar pressure) environment. This mission is secured by instrumental R and D activities during the present and coming years. Some prototypes of different instruments are already built (GOLFNG, SDM) and the performances will be checked before launch on the ground or in space through planned missions of CNES and PROBA ESA missions (PICARD, LYRA, maybe ASPIICS).  相似文献   

Cosmic dynamics in the era of Extremely Large Telescopes     

J. Liske  A. Grazian  E. Vanzella  M. Dessauges  M. Viel  L. Pasquini  M. Haehnelt  S. Cristiani  F. Pepe  G. Avila  P. Bonifacio  F. Bouchy  H. Dekker  B. Delabre  S. D'Odorico  V. D'Odorico  S. Levshakov  C. Lovis  M. Mayor  P. Molaro  L. Moscardini  M. T. Murphy  D. Queloz  P. Shaver  S. Udry  T. Wiklind  S. Zucker 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,386(3):1192-1218

The redshifts of all cosmologically distant sources are expected to experience a small, systematic drift as a function of time due to the evolution of the Universe's expansion rate. A measurement of this effect would represent a direct and entirely model-independent determination of the expansion history of the Universe over a redshift range that is inaccessible to other methods. Here we investigate the impact of the next generation of Extremely Large Telescopes on the feasibility of detecting and characterizing the cosmological redshift drift. We consider the Lyα forest in the redshift range  2 < z < 5  and other absorption lines in the spectra of high-redshift QSOs as the most suitable targets for a redshift drift experiment. Assuming photon-noise-limited observations and using extensive Monte Carlo simulations we determine the accuracy to which the redshift drift can be measured from the Lyα forest as a function of signal-to-noise ratio and redshift. Based on this relation and using the brightness and redshift distributions of known QSOs we find that a 42-m telescope is capable of unambiguously detecting the redshift drift over a period of ∼20 yr using 4000 h of observing time. Such an experiment would provide independent evidence for the existence of dark energy without assuming spatial flatness, using any other cosmological constraints or making any other astrophysical assumption.  相似文献   

Multiwavelength study of Cygnus A – II. X-ray inverse-Compton emission from a relic counterjet and implications for jet duty cycles     

Katrien C. Steenbrugge  Katherine M. Blundell  Peter Duffy 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,388(4):1465-1472

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Watershed-scale vegetation,water quantity,and water quality responses to wildfire in the southern Appalachian mountain region,United States     

Peter V. Caldwell  Katherine J. Elliott  Ning Liu  James M. Vose  David R. Zietlow  Jennifer D. Knoepp 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5188-5209

Wildfires are landscape scale disturbances that can significantly affect hydrologic processes such as runoff generation and sediment and nutrient transport to streams. In Fall 2016, multiple large drought-related wildfires burned forests across the southern Appalachian Mountains. Immediately after the fires, we identified and instrumented eight 28.4–344 ha watersheds (four burned and four unburned) to measure vegetation, soil, water quantity, and water quality responses over the following two years. Within burned watersheds, plots varied in burn severity with up to 100% tree mortality and soil O-horizon loss. Watershed scale high burn severity extent ranged from 5% to 65% of total watershed area. Water quantity and quality responses among burned watersheds were closely related to the high burn severity extent. Total water yield (Q) was up to 39% greater in burned watersheds than unburned reference watersheds. Total suspended solids (TSS) concentration during storm events were up to 168 times greater in samples collected from the most severely burned watershed than from a corresponding unburned reference watershed, suggesting that there was elevated risk of localized erosion and sedimentation of streams. NO₃-N concentration, export, and concentration dependence on streamflow were greater in burned watersheds and increased with increasing high burn severity extent. Mean NO₃-N concentration in the most severely burned watershed increased from 0.087 mg L⁻¹ in the first year to 0.363 mg L⁻¹ (+317%) in the second year. These results suggest that the 2016 wildfires degraded forest condition, increased Q, and had negative effects on water quality particularly during storm events.  相似文献