Annex of establishment of ICL-Japan for the Kyoto 2020 Commitment     

Kyoji Sassa  Kazuo Konagai 《Landslides》2018,15(11):2315-2319

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Analyzing CO2 concentration changes and their influencing factors in Indonesia by OCO-2 and other multi-sensor remote-sensing data     

Shuai Yin  Xiufeng Wang  Heri Santoso  Hiroshi Tani  Guosheng Zhong  Zhongyi Sun 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(8):825-844

We used OCO-2 products and considered three factors that potentially affect CO₂ concentration in Indonesia: sea surface temperature (SST), forest fires and vegetation. From 2014 to 2016, CO₂ concentration in Indonesia showed a trend of increase, which is consistent with the global increase reported by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) Project. As an archipelago country, the results indicate that SST has a direct effect on the CO₂ concentration in Indonesia. Their changing exhibits similar fluctuations; meanwhile, CO₂ concentration and SST also presented positive correlation. In 2015, the number of fire hotspots suddenly increased to 140,699, because of occurrence of the worst forest fire. Due to special geographic conditions, forest fires did not induce CO₂ concentration changes in Indonesia, but CO₂ concentration in the corresponding islands showed a trend of increase. CO₂ concentration increased in Kalimantan during the occurrence of forest fire in September–October 2014, and CO₂ concentration increased in Kalimantan and Sumatra during the occurrence of forest fire in September–October 2015. Vegetation indices were stable and presented no correlation with CO₂ concentration. This study demonstrated that OCO-2 is capable of monitoring CO₂ concentration at a regional scale; additionally, an effective method for using OCO-2 Level 2 products is proposed.  相似文献   

Gravity measurements with a portable absolute gravimeter A10 in Syowa Station and Langhovde,East Antarctica     

Takahito Kazama  Hideaki Hayakawa  Toshihiro Higashi  Shingo Ohsono  Shunsuke Iwanami  Tomoko Hanyu  Harumi Ohta  Koichiro Doi  Yuichi Aoyama  Yoichi Fukuda  Jun Nishijima  Kazuo Shibuya 《Polar Science》2013,7(3-4):260-277

Absolute gravity values were measured with a portable absolute gravimeter A10 in East Antarctica, for the first time by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. This study aims to investigate regional spatiotemporal variations of ice mass distributions and associated crustal deformations around Syowa Station by means of repeated absolute gravity measurements, and we obtained the first absolute gravity value in Southern Langhovde on the Antarctic Continent. The average absolute gravity value at the newly installed benchmark AGS01 in Langhovde (obtained on 3 February 2012) was 982535584.2 ± 0.7 μgal (1 [μgal] = 1 × 10^?8 [m/s²]), which was in agreement with the gravity values obtained by the past relative gravity measurements within 1 mgal. In addition, the average absolute gravity value obtained at AGSaux in Syowa Station was consistent with both previous absolute gravity values and those obtained by simultaneous measurements using an FG5 gravimeter, owing to adequate data corrections associated with tidal effects and time variations in atomic clock frequencies. In order to detect the gravity changes associated with the ice mass changes and other tectonic phenomena, we plan to conduct absolute gravity measurements at AGS01 again and at other campaign sites around Syowa Station as well in the near future, with careful attention paid to the impacts of severe environmental conditions in Antarctica on gravity data collection.  相似文献   

High nutrients in the coastal area after heavy rain observed in the central Seto Inland Sea in July 2012     

Kazuo Abe  Norihisa Nakagawa  Katsuyuki Abo  Mutsumi Tsujino 《Journal of Oceanography》2013,69(2):269-275

Temporary enhancement of the nutrient concentrations in the coastal area was observed after heavy rain in the central Seto Inland Sea in July 2012. After passage of a stationary front accompanied by heavy rain, the river outflow was enhanced, and low salinity and high nutrient concentrations were detected near the mouths of rivers. The offshore salinity and nutrients increased and decreased, respectively, which suggested that a snapshot event, such as heavy rain, could influence the short-term variation of the coastal marine environmental conditions, such as the salinity and nutrient distributions.  相似文献   

Runoff generation processes estimated from hydrological observations on a steep forested hillslope with a thin soil layer   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Makoto Tani 《Journal of Hydrology》1997,200(1-4):84-109

In order to understand runoff generation processes on a forested hillslope involving large heterogeneities, this study monitored runoff from a steep hillslope with a thin soil layer as well as matric potential within it and analyzed their responses to storm rainfall. A comparison of storm runoff responses from the study slope with those from two adjacent catchments, one of which includes it, showed that physical properties of the slope reflected the runoff characteristics: although no responses occurred in very dry conditions because of the absence of wet zones near the stream, the area contributing to storm runoff more rapidly extended to the whole slope due to its topographic properties. They also caused its steep hydrographs produced in the wettest condition where almost all the rainfall contributed to storm runoff. In this wettest condition, tensiometric responses near bedrock showed the vertical quick propagation of the rainfall pulse, and a good agreement of storm hydrograph simulated through a kinematic wave runoff model suggested that runoff from the slope was produced by a lateral flow on the bedrock receiving the quick propagation. In a transition process from dry to the wettest conditions, the development of the lateral flow producing smaller responses at the downslope end was estimated from decreasing of matric potential near bedrock from high negative to low values with increasing cumulative rainfall.  相似文献   

Key parameters governing the performance of soft tunnel coating for seismic isolation     

Dae‐Sang Kim  Kazuo Konagai 《地震工程与结构动力学》2001,30(9):1333-1343

A method to cover a tunnel lining with a soft and thin coating is discussed herein as a possible measure for mitigating seismic damage to tunnels. Long‐term earthquake observations at different tunnel sites within a variety of alluvial soil deposits have demonstrated that a circular tunnel is liable to deform in such a way that its two diagonal diameters crossing each other expand and contract alternately. Narrowing down vibration modes, in order to discuss this particular and the most important mode, any of the essential items of the soil–tunnel system, namely the soil, the coating and the tunnel lining, has only one degree of freedom, allowing the coating effect to be simply evaluated in terms of a limited number of key parameters. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Precise wideband photometry of photospheric faculae with an emphasis on the disk center     

Tadashi Hirayama  Shigeo Hamana  Kazuo Mizugaki 《Solar physics》1985,99(1-2):43-54

The center-to-limb variation of the excess intensity in faculae was obtained for 266 active regions with an accuracy of 10^–3. For this observation full-disk images were obtained with a rotating one-dimensional diode array whose rotation axis was set at the disk center, at the wavelength of 5450 Å with a bandpass of 400 Å. From the center-to-limb variation of excess intensity of active regions the excess effective temperature was found to be 6.4 K on the average where the mean longitudinal magnetic field is 65 G as measured by 5233 Å line. In other words the ratio of the excess radiative flux to the total flux was 0.44% on the average for the present measurements of low spatial resolution of 20.The average excess intensity for 60 active regions near the disk center was found to be 4 × 10^–4 of the quiet Sun intensity. This very low excess brightness averaged over the whole active region, in contrast to the reported high excess brightness of facular points (diameter 0.2) of 0.4, leads to a hypothesis that the background in between facular points in the active region is darker than the true quiet photosphere by 1%. It is further surmised that the inferred darkness of intra facular points is due to partial compensation for excess total irradiance of facular points. This interpretation is also consistent with previous observations of the contrast of facular points near the limb.  相似文献   

A report on failures of current meter moorings set east of Tsushima Island from 1983 to 1987     

Kazuo Kawatate  Tsunehiro Miita  Yasunori Ouchi  Shinjiro Mizuno 《Progress in Oceanography》1988,21(3-4)

On the basis of field records, we describe failures of current meter moorings deployed in the Tsushima Strait from 1983 to 1987. In order to avoid future failures of current meter moorings, we should communicate frequently with the fishermen's union and deploy the moorings with reserve flotation and acoustic release.  相似文献   

Measurements of east Tushima Current in winter and estimation of its seasonal variability     

Shinjiro Mizuno  Kazuo Kawatate  Tomoki Nagahama  Tsunehiro Miita 《Journal of Oceanography》1989,45(6):375-384

The Tushima Current in the east channel was measured in a site of the strong current between Tushima and Iki Islands for 43 days of the winter in 1986. The primary results are:First, it was highly barotropic and flowed northeastward with a mean speed of about 20 cm sec^–1. Second, it was decelerated by northeast winds rather than by northwest winds in a frequency range of 0.3 and 0.4 cpd. Third, the scale analysis showed that the Tushima Current is approximately in geostrophic balance. The best empirical relationship between the measured Tushima Current and cross-channel adjusted sea level difference is given by

相似文献    230. Computation of wave-making resistance of a catamaran in deep water using a potential-based panel method   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1   Md Shahjada Tarafder  Kazuo Suzuki 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(13):1892-1900 This paper presents a potential-based boundary element method for solving a nonlinear free-surface flow problem for a Wigley catamaran moving with a uniform speed in deep water. Since the interior flow of each monohull of the catamaran is different from the exterior flow, both monohulls must be considered as lifting bodies. The pressure Kutta condition is imposed at the trailing-edge of the lifting body by determining the dipole distribution, which generates required circulation on the lifting part. The effects of wave interference and hull separation on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the catamaran hull are analyzed and the validity of the computer scheme is examined by comparing the wave resistance with the numerical results of others. The present method could be a useful design tool for screening the suitable combinations of hull parameters and hull spacing at the preliminary design stage of catamaran hull.  相似文献    [首页] « 上一页 [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] 23 [24] [25] [26] 下一页 » 末  页»