Potential Bioaccumulator Mosses around Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Vicinity of the Giresun Area,Northeast Turkey          下载免费PDF全文

Muazzez Çelik Karakaya  Necati Karakaya  Şuayip Küpeli  Mehmet Muzaffer Karadağ  Mesut Kırmacı 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(1):27-37

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Time Series Models for Air Pollution Modelling Considering the Shift to Natural Gas in a Turkish City          下载免费PDF全文

Fatih Taşpınar 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(7):980-988

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Joint inversion of Rayleigh‐wave dispersion data and vertical electric sounding data: synthetic tests on characteristic sub‐surface models          下载免费PDF全文

M. Senkaya  H. Karslı 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(1):228-246

In the traditional inversion of the Rayleigh dispersion curve, layer thickness, which is the second most sensitive parameter of modelling the Rayleigh dispersion curve, is usually assumed as correct and is used as fixed a priori information. Because the knowledge of the layer thickness is typically not precise, the use of such a priori information may result in the traditional Rayleigh dispersion curve inversions getting trapped in some local minima and may show results that are far from the real solution. In this study, we try to avoid this issue by using a joint inversion of the Rayleigh dispersion curve data with vertical electric sounding data, where we use the common‐layer thickness to couple the two methods. The key idea of the proposed joint inversion scheme is to combine methods in one joint Jacobian matrix and to invert for layer S‐wave velocity, resistivity, and layer thickness as an additional parameter, in contrast with a traditional Rayleigh dispersion curve inversion. The proposed joint inversion approach is tested with noise‐free and Gaussian noise data on six characteristic, synthetic sub‐surface models: a model with a typical dispersion; a low‐velocity, half‐space model; a model with particularly stiff and soft layers, respectively; and a model reproduced from the stiff and soft layers for different layer‐resistivity propagation. In the joint inversion process, the non‐linear damped least squares method is used together with the singular value decomposition approach to find a proper damping value for each iteration. The proposed joint inversion scheme tests many damping values, and it chooses the one that best approximates the observed data in the current iteration. The quality of the joint inversion is checked with the relative distance measure. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is performed for the typical dispersive sub‐surface model to illustrate the benefits of the proposed joint scheme. The results of synthetic models revealed that the combination of the Rayleigh dispersion curve and vertical electric sounding methods in a joint scheme allows to provide reliable sub‐surface models even in complex and challenging situations and without using any a priori information.  相似文献   

Investigation into Relationships Between Cerchar Hardness Index and Some Mechanical Properties of Coal Measure Rocks     

O. Yaralı 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(4):1605-1614

This paper examines the relationships between Cerchar hardness index (CHI) and some mechanical properties of coal measure rocks in Zonguldak Hard Coal Basin. Some index properties (Cerchar hardness index, Shore scleroscope hardness, in situ Schmidt rebound hardness and point load strength) and strength (uniaxial compressive strength and Brazilian tensile strength) properties of 29 sedimentary rock samples are determined. Then, relationships between (CHI) and strength as well as and some other index values are evaluated using statistical methods. Linear relationships are found between CHI and uniaxial compressive strength, Schmidt rebound hardness. Power relationships are determined between CHI and Shore scleroscope hardness, diametral point load strength, point load strength anisotropy index. Besides, CHI tests are performed by means of bits having tip angles of 99° and 125° and excellent linear relationships are identified between them.  相似文献   

Evolution of Çamlık fissure-ridge travertines in the Başkale basin (Van,Eastern Anatolia)     

Azad Sağlam Selçuk  M. Korhan Erturaç  Serkan Üner  Erman Özsayın  Edwige Pons-Branchu 《Geodinamica Acta》2017,29(1):1-19

Fissure-ridge travertines (FRTs) are of great importance for the determination and comparison of tectonic deformation in a region. The coeval development of these travertines with active fault zones supplies significant information about regional dynamics in terms of deformation pattern and evolution. In this paper, the characteristics of FRTs of the Ba?kale basin (eastern Turkey) and responsible regional tectonism are discussed for the first time. The Ba?kale basin is located between the Ba?kale Fault Zone (BFZ) characterised by Çaml?k fault and I??kl?–Zirani? fault. It is located between dextral Yüksekova Fault Zone and southern end of dextral Guilato–Siahcheshmeh–Khoy Fault system (Iran). Various morphological features indicating recent activity are exposed along the BFZ, including offsetting rivers, fissure-ridge travertine and fault scarps. The Çaml?k fissure-ridge travertine composing of three different depositions is observed along the eastern edge of the BFZ with approximately parallel orientations. The Çaml?k fissure-ridge travertine has been formed and developed on fault zone related to strike-slip or oblique movements. We explain how kinematic changes of faults can influence the fissure-ridge development.  相似文献   

Heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Gökçekaya Dam Lake,Eskişehir,Turkey     

Beril Salman Akin  Oğulcan Kırmızıgül 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(11):402

The present study to find seasonal (September 2010–June 2011) heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe, As) contamination and the origins thereof in surface sediments of Gökçekaya Dam Lake, as constructed on Sakarya River, the third-longest river in Turkey and the largest river of the Northwestern Anatolia. Upon analyses for the purpose thereof, heavy metal contamination in annual average concentrations in the lake sediment varied, respectively, as Fe > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Co > As > Cd. Statistical assessments performed in order to see whether the average values of the heavy metal contamination as measured at stations placed in the lake changed by seasonal periods. There found statistically significant differences especially in Cd, Zn, and Pb between seasonal periods. In accordance with the Sediment Quality Index, Gökçekaya Dam Lake sediment was classified as “highly polluted” in terms of the amount of anthropogenic contaminants of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index values (I _geo) were calculated in order to geochemically interpret the source of contamination due to heavy metal concentration in the lake sediment and the level of pollution. The As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni Pb, and Zn values demonstrated that the sediment was rich for anthropogenic contaminants. The lake was found especially rich for arsenic (14.97–34.70 mg/kg) and lead (68.75–98.65 mg/kg) in accordance with annual average values. In general the lake was geochemically characterized as “moderately contaminated” in terms of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn content.  相似文献   

Radiochemical separation and determination of radium-228 in bottled mineral waters by low level gamma spectrometry and its committed effective dose     

Mihriban Şahin  Abdullah Dirican  Namık Kemal Şahin 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(23):795

?The gross beta and ²²⁸Ra radioactivity measurements in mineral waters were performed by proportional counter and gamma spectrometry, respectively, in this study. The natural mineral water samples were collected from various regions of Turkey for this study. Gross beta activities have been determined according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency standard method (EPA 900). In the case that the gross beta activity was determined to be greater than 1 Bq/L, then the ²²⁸Ra activity concentration in the related mineral water sample was specifically measured. ²²⁸Ra activity in mineral water samples was determined by high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The photopeak efficiencies were calculated by modeling the sample geometry and the detector in Canberra software LabSOCS. The gross beta activities in the eight of 32 bottled mineral water samples were greater than 1 Bq/L. ²²⁸Ra activity concentrations in bottled mineral waters were determined within 0.100–1.04 Bq/L. The committed effective doses were calculated for three different scenarios according to mineral water consumption rates.  相似文献   

In situ gamma ray measurements for deciphering of radioactivity level in Sarıhan pluton area of northeastern Turkey     

Hakan Çınar  Suna Altundaş  Necati Çelik  Nafız Maden 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(19):435

The present work utilizes in situ gamma ray spectrometric measurement data to map the surface geology of Sar?han Granitoid and its surrounding area. The study area comprises three different lithological units, namely, Hozbirikyayla Formation (limestone and sandy limestones), Sar?han Granitoid (consist of quartz monzodiorite, granodiorite and quartz diorite) and the Ophiolitic olistostromal melange (andesite, basalt, sandstone, gravelly sandstone). When lithological units are assessed according to the radioactivity characteristics, natural radionuclide contents (⁴⁰K and radionuclides from ²³⁸U and ²³²Th series) of Hozbirikyayla limestones and ophiolitic melange rocks are lower than the Sar?han pluton. The U, Th and K radionuclide contents were found to be 0.8–5.4 ppm, 10.1–33.6 ppm and 1.29–4.41% in the Sar?han plutonic area and 0.9–5.3 ppm, 1.1–20.3 ppm and 0.04–2.71% in Horzbirikyayla formation, respectively. The element concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K of the Ophiolitic melange are 1.1–4.5 ppm, 1.6–25.3 ppm and 0.09–3.63%, respectively. Radioelement ratio maps are created for the studied area, because the parameters of radioelement ratios, eU/eTh, eU/K and eTh/K, reflect the radioactive characters of the rock and soil. The Hozbirikyayla Formation is characterized by the highest value of eU/eTh and lowest value of eTh/K. While the lowest eU/eTh and eU/K ratios were observed in the Sar?han Granodiorite, the highest value of eU/K and eTh/K were obtained in the Ophiolitic olistostromal melange. By comparing these maps with the geology, it was found that the radioelement concentrations are in good agreement with the geological properties of the region. In addition to this, the radiation hazard parameters were evaluated to assess the radiation hazard for people living in this area. It has also been found that there is no significant radiologic hazard for humans and the environment in and around studied area.  相似文献   

Field experiments on wave propagation and vibration isolation by using wave barriers     

Erkan Çelebi  Seyhan Fırat  Günay Beyhan  İlyas Çankaya  İsa Vural  Osman Kırtel 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009

In this paper, the obtained results from the experimental studies describe the basic characteristics of wave propagation and ability of possible measures to reduce the impact of soil vibrations on structural response for both active and passive isolation cases. A series of field tests on the foundation vibrations generated by electrodynamic shaker are performed to examine the screening efficiency of open and in-filled trench barriers which are constructed for full-scale measurement. From field measurements of amplitude with and without the barrier, the amplitude reduction ratio is estimated at different points of interest. Wave propagating characteristics and frequency-dependent screening effects of the wave barriers are investigated according to various isolation material stiffnesses. The remarkable outcomes from these experimental studies can be briefly generalized as follows: backfilled trench with softer material than soil is more effective for the passive isolation than the active one. The reduction effects of wave barriers depend on the frequency of vibration source for both passive and active isolation cases. In-situ measurements confirm that vibration screening systems using open or in-filled trench barriers can be applied as a reduction measure for soil vibrations due to a moving load which is considered as stationary wave source in this problem.  相似文献   

Neural networks and fuzzy inference systems for predicting water consumption time series     

Mehmet Ali Yurdusev  Mahmut Fırat  Mustafa Erkan Turan  B. Gultekin Sinir 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(8):1225-1225

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