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21.
Application of an earthquake early warning system and a real-time strong motion monitoring system in emergency response in a high-rise building 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tomohiro Kubo Yoshiaki Hisada Masahiro Murakami Fusako Kosuge Kohei Hamano 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011
We apply a combination of earthquake early warning system (EEWS) and real-time strong motion monitoring system (RSMS) to emergency response for a high-rise building; The Kogakuin University has a 29-story high-rise building in Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo. The proposed strategy is based on the Plan, Do, Check, Action (PDCA) Cycle to brush up the systems and the users: in the “Plan” stage, we apply EEWS and RSMS to the building, where EEWS predicts not only short-period strong ground motions but also long-period ground motions [1]. The system is built into a building announcement system, an emergency elevator control system, and an email message system, which quickly send emails to the emergency response team. Meanwhile, RSMS provides information on seismic intensities at each floor of the building via the web browser in real time using the existing network in the building. In addition, the building response and structural damage can be estimated based on this information. The network system is impervious to the earthquake damage, because the network cable has extra length, there is, however, possible that a network system does not work due to power outage. Thus, we develop the network system that has uninterruptible power-supply system (UPS) and apply it to EEWS and RSMS. The high-rise building has the emergency call units to the security control center in the building on every floor. The emergency call line, however, will be busy promptly, because it is able to use only one line. Therefore, we installed IP telephone which uses the network system on main floors. UPS will work about 30 min after a major earthquake, it is supposed to be enough time for gathering the damage information about the building during initial response. In the “Do” stage, we prepare emergency response instruction manuals and educate the faculty members and students to carry out promptly emergency response. In the “Check” stage, the validity of the proposed systems are verified by carrying out an earthquake drill in an actual high-rise building. The earthquake drill confirmed that our proposed approach is valid. In the final “Action” stage, we improve these systems and emergency response manual and educate people in the building how to use effectively these systems. 相似文献
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It has previously been proposed that the Sibumasu block of Southeast Asia, which contains glaciomarine deposits, became detached from the Gondwana margin during the Early Permian. A combination of facies analysis and the identification of dropstones and dump structures from a Lower Permian diamictite-bearing sequence at Phuket, Thailand, and adjacent islands suggests that the sediments originated as glaciomarine and debris-flow deposits. The Lower Permian diamictite-bearing sequence in the study area corresponds to the Ko Sire and Ko He Formations, both of which consist of three principal lithofacies: diamictite, sandstone, and fine-grained facies. The low-lying Ko Sire Formation is up to 400 m thick and is characterized by laminated mudstone; the presence of dropstones and dump structures associated with Cruziana ichnofacies indicates ice-rafted sedimentation in a glacially influenced offshore area. The Ko Sire Formation is overlain by a diamictite sequence of the Ko He Formation (up to 400 m thick). Poorly and well-stratified diamictites with tabular and lensoidal geometries, in combination with resedimentation textures, indicate that the diamictites within the Ko He Formation are debris-flow deposits. The similar lithology of clasts in the diamictites and dropstones possibly suggests that the debris-flow diamictite was presumably remobilized from pre-existing glacial deposits. The evidence of a glacially influenced offshore environment supports a previously proposed paleogeographic interpretation in which the Sibumasu block was most likely located at the Northwest Australian margin of Gondwana. 相似文献
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Hidetoshi Hara Koji Wakita Katsumi Ueno Yoshihito Kamata Ken-ichiro Hisada Punya Charusiri Thasinee Charoentitirat Pol Chaodumrong 《Gondwana Research》2009,16(2):310
We reconstructed the accretion process related to Paleo-Tethys subduction recorded in northern Thailand, based on mélange and thrust structures, and metamorphic temperatures derived from illite crystallinity data. Mélange formation was characterized by hydrofracturing and cataclastic deformation, with mud injection under semi-lithified conditions followed by shear deformation and pressure solution. Illite crystallinity data suggest metamorphic temperatures below 250 °C during mélange formation. The combined structural and metamorphic data indicate that during mélange formation, the accretionary complex related to Paleo-Tethys subduction developed at shallow levels within an accretionary prism. Asymmetric shear fabrics in mélange indicate top-to-south shear. After correction for rotation associated with collision between the Indian and Eurasian continents, the trend of the Paleo-Tethys subduction zone is estimated to have been N80 °E. We conclude that the Paleo-Tethys was subducted northward beneath the Indochina Block from the Permian to Triassic. 相似文献
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This paper describes the pedogenic features of paleosols in the upper Lower Cretaceous Shiohama Formation, the lowest unit of the Shimonoseki Subgroup, in Yoshimi, Yamaguchi Prefecture, southwest Japan. The paleosol profiles in the Shiohama Formation are compound and complex, characterized by the presence of abundant calcrete horizons. An analysis of these profiles reveals that the floodplain upon which the Shiohama Formation was deposited was part of an unstable aggradation system characterized by the intermittent influx of sediments and occasional erosion. Furthermore, the mean annual range of precipitation was less than about 30 mm, suggesting only minor seasonal change between wet and dry conditions during deposition of the Shiohama Formation. The microstructures of the observed calcretes include dense microfabric, floating detrital grains, micronodules, circum-granular cracks, and complex cracks. These features formed by chemical precipitation under dry conditions, with little bioactivity. The calcrete horizons are classified into seven types (I–VII) based on their modes of occurrence. Two processes of carbonate accumulation can be identified based on the size and abundance of nodules: VI–V–III–(II)–I and VI–(V)–IV–II–I. These processes represent the development of calcrete horizons from the early to late stages of calcretization. Type I represents the most highly developed stage of calcretization. Calcretes within the Lower Member sequence of the Shiohama Formation show repetitions of type I and types II and III. Thus, it is interpreted that the frequency of sediment supply to the floodplain changed repeatedly over time. 相似文献
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Abstract Micro-thermometry of water-rich fluid inclusions from two syn-tectonic veins sets ( D1 and D2 veins) in the Otaki Group, part of the Cretaceous Shimanto accretionary complex of the Kanto Mountains, central Japan reveals the following tectono-metamorphic evolution. Combining the results of microthermometric analyses of fluid inclusions from D1 veins with an assumed geothermal gradient of 20–50°C/km indicates that the temperature and fluid pressure conditions during D1 were 270–300°C and 140–190 MPa, respectively. Peak metamorphic conditions during the development of D2 slaty cleavage involved temperatures in excess of 300°C and fluid pressures greater than 270 MPa, based on analyses of microthermometry of water-rich fluid inclusions from the D2 vein and illite crystallinity. The estimated fluid pressure increased by approximately 80 MPa from D1 accretionary processes to metamorphism and slaty cleavage development during D2 . Assuming that fluid pressure reached lithostatic pressure, the observed increase in fluid pressure can be accounted for by thrusting of the Jurassic Chichibu accretionary complex over the Cretaceous Shimanto accretionary complex. Following thrusting, both accretionary complexes were subjected to metamorphism during the latest Cretaceous. 相似文献
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Titanochondrodite and titanoclinohumite derived from the upper mantle in the Buell Park Kimberlite,Arizona, USA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ken-ichiro Aoki Kiyoshi Fujino Masaki Akaogi 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1976,56(3):243-253
Kimberlite from Buell Park, Arizona, which was intruded into Permian sediments about 30 m.y. ago, is characterized by the hydrous silicates titanochondrodite and titanoclinohumite. Titanochondrodite is the first finding in kimberlites. Optical properties, chemical compositions and cell dimensions of these two minerals are determined.Titanochondrodite and titanoclinohumite are considered to crystallize from kimberlite magma at a depth of about 100 km and at 1,000° C, on the basis of kimberlite mineralogy, petrography and high pressure experimental work. Although there is no direct evidence, the importance of these two minerals in peridotite wedges above sinking lithosphere at the continental margins is also discussed. 相似文献
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Titanochondrodite and titanoclinohumite derived from the upper mantle in the Buell Park kimberlite,Arizona, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ken-ichiro Aoki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1977,61(2):217-218
Titanoclinohumite, titanochondrodite, and associated Na-bearing tremolite occurring as crystal fragments in the Buell Park kimberlite are not likely crystallization products of a kimberlite magma. They more likely formed as phases in hydration assemblages of peridotite at temperatures below 700 ° C and pressures below 18 kbar. The crystals were dispersed in kimberlite as rock fragments were comminuted during transport to the surface. 相似文献
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Ken-ichiro Aoki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1970,25(4):270-283
Kaersutite-bearing peridotite, clinopyroxenite, gabbro and hornblendite inclusions up to 5 cm in size and megacrysts of kaersutite, andesine and titanomagnetite occur in alkali basalt scoria at Takenotsuji, Iki Island, Japan. New analyses are presented for seven kaersutite-bearing basaltic rocks, three inclusions, three clinopyroxenes and six kaersutites.From the petrography and chemistry of the inclusions and recent experimental work at high pressures and temperatures on natural rock systems, it is suggested that kaersutite-bearing inclusions have been produced from alkali basalt magmas under hydrous conditions at a depth of about 25 to 30 km in the lowest part of the crust. 相似文献