Biodegradation of cyanide and evaluation of kinetic models by immobilized cells of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Serratia marcescens</Emphasis> strain AQ07     

K. I. Karamba  S. A. Ahmad  A. Zulkharnain  N. A. Yasid  A. Khalid  M. Y. Shukor 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(9):1945-1958

Immobilized form of Serratia marcescens strain AQ07 was experimented for cyanide biodegradation. Cyanide degradation (200 ppm) was achieved after 24-h incubation. Three parameters were optimized which included gellan gum concentration, beads size, and number of beads. In accordance with one-factor-at-a-time method, cyanide removal was optimum at 0.6% w/v gellan gum gel, 0.3-cm-diameter beads, and 50 beads number. It was able to withstand cyanide toxicity of 800 ppm, which makes it very suitable candidate in cyanide remediation. Beads reusability indicates one-cycle ability. The first cycle removed 96.3%, while the second removed 78.5%. Effects of heavy metals at 1.0 ppm demonstrated that mercury has a considerable effect on bacteria, inhibiting degradation to 61.6%, while other heavy metals have less effect, removing 97–98%. Maximum specific degradation rate of 0.9997 h^?1 was observed at 200 ppm cyanide concentration. Gellan gum was used as the encapsulation matrix. ?-picoline-barbituric acid spectrophotometric analytical method was used to optimize the condition in buffer medium integrated with potassium cyanide via one-factor-at-a-time and response surface method. The range of cyanide concentrations used in this research, specific biodegradation rate was obtained to model the substrate inhibition kinetics. This rate fits to the kinetic models of Teisser, Aiba and Yano, which are utilized to elucidate substrate inhibition on degradation. One-factor-at-a-time approach parameters were adopted because it removes more cyanide compared to response surface methodology modules. The predicted biokinetic constant from this model suggests suitability of the bacteria for use in cyanide treatment of industrial waste effluents.  相似文献   

Hydrogeophysical investigations for assessing the groundwater potential in part of the Peshawar basin,Pakistan     

Sher Muhammad  Perveiz Khalid 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(14):494

A large number of valleys and basin systems are present in the northwestern part of the Himalayas in Pakistan which form significant aquifers in the region. Hydrogeophysical investigations in the western part of Nowshera District, a part of the intermontane Peshawar basin, were undertaken to help to determine the availability of groundwater resources in the region. Thirty vertical electrical resistivity soundings (VES) were acquired using a Schlumberger expanding array configuration with a maximum current electrode spacing (AB/2) of 150 m in delineating the groundwater potential in the study area. The results of the interpreted VES data using a combination of curve matching technique and computer iterative modeling methods suggest that the area is underlain by 3 to 5 geo-electric layers. The interpretation results showed that the geo-electrical succession consists of alluvium comprising of alternating layers of clay, silty clay, fine to coarse sands, sand with gravels and gravels of variable thickness. High subsurface resistivity values are correlated with gravel–sand units and low resistivity values with the presence of clays and silts. The modeled VES results were correlated with the pumping tests results and lithological logs of the existing wells. The pumping test suggests the transmissivity of the aquifer sediments is variable corresponding to different sediments within the area. The gravel–sand intervals having high resistivity value show high transmissivity values, whereas clay–silt sediments show low transmissivities. It is concluded that majority of the high resistive gravel–sand sediments belong to an alluvial fan environment. These gravel–sand zones are promising zones for groundwater abstraction which are concentrated in the central part of the study area.  相似文献   

Temporal shoreline change and infrastructure influences along the southern Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia     

Omar A. Alharbi  Michael R. Phillips  Allan T. Williams  Tony Thomas  Mohammed Hakami  Jehad Kerbe  Abdoul Jelil Niang  ElSayed Hermas  Khalid Al-Ghamdi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(16):360

Jizan is one of the Saudi Arabian coastal cities endowed with diverse natural settings, which includes Ash Shuqayq in the north, Turfah in the centre and Jizan in the South. This work analysed specific environmental characteristics, such as spits, sabkhas and wadis. Assessments used Landsat imagery to examine coastal change between 1973 and 2011. The cumulative temporal change identified regression trends given by coefficients of determination that explained a significant percentage of data variation for Jizan (R ² = 69%) and Turfah (R ² = 72%), while Ash Shuqayq was insignificant (R ² = 14%). Inter-survey results predicted future change, although trends were not significant, i.e. Jizan (R ² = 22%), Turfah (R ² = 14%) and Ash Shuqayq (R ² = 3 and 61% with outlying value removed). Aerial photos showed regional coastal changes, which included a maximum accretion of 36.4 m and maximum erosion of 12.9 m. These are scientifically effective techniques to monitor regional coastal change, i.e. erosion and accretion and identified rates of 0.59, 1.80 and 3.53 myr^?1 for Ash Shuqayq, Turfah and Jizan. Changes were linked to infrastructure developments, e.g. tourism, port development and natural causes, e.g. spit formations and wadi outfalls.  相似文献   

Performance of Surfactant Assisted Synthesis of Fe/TiO2 on the Photodegradation of Diisopropanolamine          下载免费PDF全文

Raihan Mahirah Ramli  Fai Kait Chong  Abdul Aziz Omar  Thanapalan Murugesan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(5):690-697

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Application of a mixture distribution of extreme values to earthquake magnitudes in Iraq and conterminous regions     

Khalid J. Fahmi  Jamal N. Al Abbasi 《Geophysical Journal International》1991,107(2):209-217

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Accurate determination of highly eccentric orbits in earth's gravtational field with axial symmetry     

A. Abdel Aziz Bakry 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1988,41(1):77-88

In this paper, an algorithm is constructed for the determination of the perturbed motion, in both, the rectangular and the orbital elements of highly eccentric orbits in Earth's gravitational field with axial symmetry whatever the number N of the zonal harmonic coefficients may be. An application of the algorithm for the Explorer 28 satellite (e > 0.94) is given for two geopotential models corresponding to N = 2 and N = 36. In both examples extremely accurate predictions during the satellite life time are obtained.  相似文献   

Third-order Uranus-Neptune theory     

Abdel Aziz Bakry 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1988,42(1):77-106

In this paper of the third order Uranus-Neptune planetary theory which is the third part of this work for the third order theory, we compute the Poisson brackets in the Lie series which is used to transform canonical variables. We apply Hori-Lie technique in this work and neglect all powers higher than the second in Poincaré variables H, K, P, Q. We restrict this work to the principal part of the disturbing function.  相似文献   

The construction of a third order secular     

Osman M. Kamel  Abdel Aziz Bakry  Salwa M. Waziry 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1994,65(2):97-117

In this part we find out the 24 equations of secular perturbation equations for the subsystem J-S-U-N. The solution of these equations by the Lagrange-Laplace procedure and the Eigen value Eigen vector is analysed. Also we refer to Hurwitz theorem to test stability.  相似文献   

A comparative study of heavy metal concentrations in surficial sediments from coastal areas of Karachi, Pakistan     

Qari R  Siddiqui SA  Qureshi NA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(5):595-599

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Lithologic characteristics and diagenesis of the Devonian Jauf sandstone at Ghawar Field, Eastern Saudi Arabia     

Khalid A. Al-Ramadan  Mahbub Hussain  Badrul Imam  Salih Saner 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2004,21(10):1221-1234

The Lower Devonian Jauf Formation in Saudi Arabia is an important hydrocarbon reservoir. However, in spite of its importance as a reservoir, published studies on the Jauf Formation more specifically on the reservoir quality (including diagenesis), are very few. This study, which is based on core samples from two wells in the Ghawar Field, northeastern Saudi Arabia, reports the lithologic and diagenetic characteristics of this reservoir. The Jauf reservoir is a fine to medium-grained, moderate to well-sorted quartz arenite. The diagenetic processes recognized include compaction, cementation (calcite, clay minerals, quartz overgrowths, and a minor amount of pyrite), and dissolution of the calcite cements and of feldspar grains. The widespread occurrences of early calcite cement suggest that the Jauf reservoir lost a significant amount of primary porosity at a very early stage of its diagenetic history. Early calcite cement, however, prevented the later compaction of the sandstone, thus preserving an unfilled part of the primary porosity. Based on the framework grain–cement relationships, precipitation of the early calcite cement was either accompanied or followed by the development of part of the pore-lining and pore-bridging clay cement. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cements and feldspar. Late calcite cement occurs as isolated patches, and has little impact on reservoir quality of the sandstones.In addition to calcite, several different clay minerals including illite and chlorite occur as pore-filling and pore-lining cements. While the pore-filling illite and chlorite resulted in a considerable loss of porosity, the pore-lining chlorite may have helped in retaining the porosity by preventing the precipitation of syntaxial quartz overgrowths. Illite, which largely occurs as hair-like rims around the grains and bridges on the pore throats, caused a substantial deterioration to permeability of the reservoir. Diagenetic history of the Jauf Formation as established here is expected to help better understanding and exploitation of this reservoir.  相似文献