Arsenic in sediments, groundwater, and streamwater of a glauconitic Coastal Plain terrain, New Jersey, USA—Chemical “fingerprints” for geogenic and anthropogenic sources     

Julia L. Barringer  Pamela A. Reilly  Dennis D. Eberl  Alex E. Blum  Jennifer L. Bonin  Robert Rosman  Barbara Hirst  Marzooq Alebus  Kimberly Cenno  Miroslawa Gorska 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(5):763-776

Glauconite-bearing deposits are found worldwide, but As levels have been determined for relatively few. The As content of glauconites in sediments of the Inner Coastal Plain of New Jersey can exceed 100 mg/kg, and total As concentrations (up to 5.95 μg/L) found historically and recently in streamwaters exceed the State standard. In a major watershed of the Inner Coastal Plain, chemical “fingerprints” were developed for streambed sediments and groundwater to identify contributions of As to the watershed from geologic and anthropogenic sources. The fingerprint for streambed sediments, which included Be, Cr, Fe and V, indicated that As was predominantly of geologic origin. High concentrations of dissolved organic C, nutrients (and Cl⁻) in shallow groundwater indicated anthropogenic inputs that provided an environment where microbial activity released As from minerals to groundwater discharging to the stream. Particulates in streamwater during high flow constituted most of the As load; the chemical patterns for these particulates resembled the geologic fingerprint of the streambed sediments. The As/Cr ratio of these suspended particles likely indicates they derived not only from runoff, but from groundwater inputs, because As contributed by groundwater is sequestered on streambed sediments. Agricultural inputs of As were not clearly identified, although chemical characteristics of some sediments indicated vehicle-related inputs of metals. Sediment sampling during dry and wet years showed that, under differing hydrologic conditions, local anthropogenic fingerprints could be obscured but the geologic fingerprint, indicating glauconitic sediments as an As source, was robust.  相似文献   

Mo and U Isotope Evidence of Ocean Euxinia during the End-Permian Mass Extinction     

Juan Carlos SILVA-TAMAYO  Stefan WEYER  Paul B. WIGNALL  Jonathan L. PAYNE  Robert J.NEWTON  Nadjia NEUBERT  Annika BRUESKE  Kimberly LAU  Katharine MAHER 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):903-903

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Contribution of aluminum from abandoned surface mine pits in Raccoon Creek, Ohio   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Natalie A. Kruse  Kimberly Brewster  Brian Blair  Kaabe Shaw 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(5):1419-1428

Middleton Run, a severely acid mine drainage (AMD) impacted tributary of Little Raccoon Creek, drains a sub-watershed area of 3.67 km² (2.28 square miles). Averaging 58.7 kg/day (129.4 lbs/day) at its mouth, demonstrated aluminum loads from Middleton Run are particularly severe. A preliminary study of two previously unmonitored tributaries was conducted to justify future treatment projects. Monthly chemical water quality data were collected for 6 months. Soil leachate samples collected on five strip mining sites within the sub-watershed were analyzed for acidity, alkalinity, pH, aluminum and iron. Soil leachate tests have shown that one of the pits has a much larger pollution production potential and should be targeted for remediation.  相似文献   

Effects of land-cover and watershed protection futures on sustainable groundwater management in a heavily utilized aquifer in Hawai‘i (USA)     

Bremer  Leah L.  Elshall  Ahmed S.  Wada  Christopher A.  Brewington  Laura  Delevaux  Jade M.S.  El-Kadi  Aly I.  Voss  Clifford I.  Burnett  Kimberly M. 《Hydrogeology Journal》2021,29(5):1749-1765

Hydrogeology Journal - Groundwater sustainability initiatives, including sustainable yield and watershed policy protection policies, are growing globally in response to increasing demand for...  相似文献   

Farm-scale adaptation and vulnerability to environmental stresses: Insights from winegrowing in Northern California     

Kimberly A. Nicholas  William H. Durham 《Global Environmental Change》2012,22(2):483-494

The wine industry is increasingly recognized as especially vulnerable to climate change due to the climate sensitivity of both winegrape yields and quality, making it an important model system for the agricultural impacts of global changes. However, agricultural production is strongly influenced by the management decisions of growers, including their practices to modify the microclimate experienced by the growing crop; these adaptations have not been studied at the vineyard level, where managers on the ground are on the front lines of responding to global change.We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with winegrowers to examine farm-scale adaptive responses to environmental stresses, to understand the views and motivations of agricultural managers, and to explore adaptive capacity in practice. We found that growers tend to respond to stresses individually rather than collectively, except when facing severe, unfamiliar pests and diseases. Responses may be reactive or anticipatory; most anticipatory strategies have been short-term, in response to imminent threats. Growers tend to rely on their own experience to guide their management decisions, which may offer poor guidance under novel climate regimes. From using a Vulnerability Scoping Diagram, we find that changing exposure (vineyard location) and sensitivity (planting choices such as vine variety) have the biggest impact on reducing vulnerability, but that adaptations in growing or processing the crop in the vineyard and winery are easier to implement, much more commonly undertaken, and may also offer substantial adaptive capacity. Understanding the context of adaptations, as well as the decision-making processes motivating them, is important for understanding responses to global change.These findings highlight some innovations in adapting to global change, as well as some of the barriers, and point to the need for strategic investments to enhance agricultural resilience to climate change. In particular, strategies to enhance both effective and easy to implement farming adaptations, as well as broader-scale anticipatory, collective responses, could reduce vulnerability in the context of climate change.  相似文献   

The Homo habitat niche: using the avian fossil record to depict ecological characteristics of Palaeolithic Eurasian hominins     

Clive Finlayson  José Carrión  Kimberly Brown  Geraldine Finlayson  Antonio Sánchez-Marco  Darren Fa  Joaquín Rodríguez-Vidal  Santiago Fernández  Elena Fierro  Marco Bernal-Gómez  Francisco Giles-Pacheco 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(11-12):1525-1532

Although hardly applied to human palaeoecology, bird fossils offer a unique opportunity for quantitative studies of the hominin habitat. Here we reconstruct the Homo habitat niche across a large area of the Palaearctic, based on a database of avian fauna for Pleistocene sites. Our results reveal a striking association between Homo and habitat mosaics. A mix of open savannah-type woodland, wetlands and rocky habitats emerges as the predominant combination occupied by Homo across a wide geographical area, from the earliest populations of the Lower Palaeolithic to the latest hunter-gatherer communities of the Upper Palaeolithic. This observation is in keeping with the view that such landscapes have had long standing selective value for hominins.  相似文献   

Place,culture, and peace; treaty cities and national culture in mediating contemporary international disputes     

Stanley D. Brunn  Vaseema Nooruddin  Kimberly Sims 《GeoJournal》1996,39(4):331-343

Many changes in the political map are the result of negotiation between disputing states. Those discussions are held in states acceptable to the parties themselves and in sites selected by the host. Two significant cultural and political features of those discussions are the selection of the treaty site and the negotioting styles of the disputing parties and negotiator. We examine these themes with examples and suggest their importance in regional and global peace processes.  相似文献   

雪地上的森林冠层混合反照率模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蒋玲梅  杨华  王锦地  李小文  Kimberly J. Schaudt 《遥感学报》2003,7(6):433-439

反照率通常定义为出射与入射的能量之比，是地表能量平衡中的关键因子。气候变化对反照率也很敏感。典型的气候变化预测是通过GCM与地表模型的结合进行的。目前在地表模型(如BATS模型)中，是通过空气动力学粗糙度Z0与降雪深度d两个参数来估计雪地上树冠的反照率的。在他们的工作基础上，重点考虑对于不同的太阳天顶角，直入一扇出反照率的方向性及其与叶面积指数(LAI)的关系。同时，为了保持BATS模型所需反照率模型的基本特征，主要在几何光学-辐射传输混合模型(GORT)的基础上做了一些近似来达到此目的。最后，以针叶林为例，用MODIS的反照率数据和BOREAS地面观测数据做了初步的模型验证。结果显示模型较符合实际情况。  相似文献   

THE IMPACT OF METAL AND ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS ON THE STRUCTURE OF PERIPHYTON IN LOTIC SEDIMENTS: OBSERVATIONS AT VARIOUS SCALES     

Jill A. KOSTEL  Kimberly A. GRAY  Ann L. St. AMAND 《国际泥沙研究》2003,(2)

1 INTRODUCTION While wastewater discharge regulations have significantly reduced water column pollution, historical and accidental releases of organic pollutants and heavy metals continue to pose an ecological threat as these contaminants have become 搃n-place?sediment pollutants. It had been previously assumed that natural attenuation processes, such as burial or biodegradation, would decrease the contamination levels in surface sediments and, thus, diminish the environmental impact of t…  相似文献   

Forest-Landscape Structure along an Urban-To-Rural Gradient*     

Kimberly E. Medley  Mark J. McDonnell  Steward T. A. Pickett 《The Professional geographer》1995,47(2):159-168

Human activities and forest-landscape structure are examined along a belt transect that extends 140 km from New York City to northwestern Connecticut. The study quantifies urban structures (population density, land use. transportation) and processes (population growth, urban land development) in the transect, and tests for relationships with the distribution, sizes, and shapes of forests. Our results identify distinct characteristics of urban and suburban environments based on the landscape structure of native forest vegetation. These findings are applicable to the management of natural areas along a gradient of urbanization.  相似文献