Inversions Beneath the thermocline in the north-western Mediterranean     

Dr. Ekkehard Mittelstaedt  Dr. Klaus Huber 《Ocean Dynamics》1973,26(4):145-154

Summary Vertical temperature traces in the north-western Mediteranean show remarkably leafy structures at depths between 100 m and 300 m. The individual layers are stable over several days. Their horizontal extension is larger than 20 nm. The thickness amounts to 25–50 m. It is suggested that these interleavings of slightly different water masses are due to lateral mixing processes in the vicinity of the working area.

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Inversionen unterhalb der Sprungschicht im nordwestlichen Mittelmeer

Zusammenfassung Temperaturprofile im nordwestlichen Mittelmeer weisen eine auffällig blättrige Struktur in Tiefen von 100–300 m auf. Die einzelnen Schichten sind über mehrere TAge stabil. Ihre horizontale Ausdehnung ist größer als 20 sm. Die vertikale Mächtigkeit beträgt 25–50 m. Es wird angenommen, daß die schichtförmigen Einschübe schwach unterschiedlicher Wassermassen durch Vermischung in der Umgebung des Arbeitsgebietes entstanden sind.

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Inversions du gradient de température au-dessous de la thermocline dans le Nord Ouest de la Méditerranée

Résumé Les tracés verticaux de la température, dans le Nord Ouest de la Méditerranée ont des structures remarquablement superposées en minces feuillets, à des profondeurs comprises entre 100 et 300 mètres. Les couches individuelles sont stables pendant plusieurs jours. Elles s'étendent horizontalement sur plus de 20 milles nautiques. Leur épaisseur atteint 25 à 50 mètres. On suppose que ces superpositions de masses d'eau légèrement différentes sont dues à des processus de mélange latéral au voisinage de la région d'opération.

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ERTS-1 — Ein amerikanischer Satellit für die Erforschung der Erdoberfläche     

Dipl.-Geogr. Klaus Strübing 《Ocean Dynamics》1973,26(1):17-21

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On the currents over the shelf off cap blanc in the northwest African upwelling area     

Dr. Ekkehard Mittelstaedt  Dipl.-Ozeanogr. Klaus Peter Koltermann 《Ocean Dynamics》1973,26(5):193-215

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Die Ortung von Störkörpern mit dem Schlumberger-Meßverfahren     

Dr. Klaus Töpfer 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1969,18(1-2):191-220

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Synoptic survey on dissolved trace metal levels in Baltic surface waters     

Klaus Kremling  Harald Petersen 《Marine pollution bulletin》1984,15(9):329-334

A total of 95 surface water samples (6 m depth) was collected during a transect from the Bothnian Bay to Kiel between 28 August and 5 September 1982. This report presents the dissolved trace metal (<0.4 μm) and the associated hydrographic and nutrient data. Except for aluminium, all other metals determined (Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn) showed a rather homogeneous distribution within the subregions, with highest values in the Bothnian Bay (except for Mn) and net variations of the individual samples of about 20%. Cadmium, copper and nickel reveal conservative behaviour when values from this study and literature data from the Kattegat and North Sea area are plotted against salinity.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Peter Halbach  Klaus Germann  D. D. Klemm  H. Borchert 《Mineralium Deposita》1982,17(2):307-311

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A New Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Cl⁻, Br⁻, NO₃⁻, SCN⁻, and I⁻ at Sub-ppm Levels in Ground Water     

Klaus J. Stetzenbach  Glenn M. Thompson 《Ground water》1983,21(1):36-41

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Interdecadal variability of winter precipitation in Southeast China     

Ling Zhang  Xiuhua Zhu  Klaus Fraedrich  Frank Sielmann  Xiefei Zhi 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(7-8):2239-2248

Interdecadal variability of observed winter precipitation in Southeast China (1961–2010) is characterized by the first empirical orthogonal function of the three-monthly Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) subjected to a 9-year running mean. For interdecadal time scales the dominating spatial modes represent monopole features involving the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Dynamic composite analysis (based on NCEP/NCAR reanalyzes) reveals the following results: (1) Interdecadal SPI-variations show a trend from a dryer state in the 1970s via an increase during the 1980s towards stabilization on wetter conditions commencing with the 1990s. (2) Increasing wetness in Southeast China is attributed to an abnormal anticyclone over south Japan, with northward transport of warm and humid air from the tropical Pacific to South China. (3) In mid-to-high latitudes the weakened southward flow of polar airmasses induces low-level warming over Eurasia due to stronger AO by warmer zonal temperature advection. This indicates that AO is attributed to the Southeast China precipitation increase influenced by circulation anomalies over the mid-to-high latitudes. (4) The abnormal moisture transport along the southwestern boundary of the abnormal anticyclone over south Japan is related to anomalous south-easterlies modulated by the SST anomalies over Western Pacific Ocean; a positive (negative) SST anomaly will strengthen (weaken) warm and humid air transport, leading to abundant (reduced) precipitation in Southeast China. That is both AO and SST anomalies determine the nonlinear trend observed in winter precipitation over Southeast China.  相似文献   

Low-frequency climate variability of an aquaplanet     

Eileen Hertwig  Frank Lunkeit  Klaus Fraedrich 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2015,121(3-4):459-478

The long-term variability of an aquaplanet climate is analyzed with a coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice general circulation model. The main result of the 20,000 years simulation is a very dominant low-frequency oscillation with a period of approximately 700 years. All compartments of the aquaplanet (atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice) are involved as the climate alternates between warmer and colder states. Comprehensive time series analyses, as well as a comparison between mean states of cold and warm phases, give a detailed picture of the life cycle of the low-frequency oscillation. The warm phases are characterized by ice-free polar waters and a weaker meridional overturning circulation. During cold phases, the poles are completely covered by sea ice (down to 65^° N/S) and the overturning cells in the ocean are stronger. The climate state changes throughout atmosphere and ocean; however, surface areas in high latitudes are especially affected due to the changing sea ice cover. The meridional energy transport in atmosphere and ocean alternates with the climate regime, since the ocean is more efficient in transporting heat poleward when the poles are ice-free.  相似文献   

Cyclones and their possible changes in the Arctic by the end of the twenty first century from regional climate model simulations     

Mirseid Akperov  Igor Mokhov  Annette Rinke  Klaus Dethloff  Heidrun Matthes 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2015,122(1-2):85-96

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