大型复杂构造地震物理模型设计制作及实验精度分析(英文)     

吴满生  ;狄帮让  ;魏建新  ;梁向豪  ;周翼  ;刘依谋  ;孔昭举 《应用地球物理》2014,11(2):245-251

大型、构造复杂的三维物理模型可用于模拟油气勘探。构造逼近实际地质状况的模拟具有制作技术难度大、质量控制严格等特点,可用于采集宽方位、多方位和全方位的地震数据,从而进行多种三维处理、解释方法验证。本文针对中国西部前陆盆地地表条件复杂地下构造复杂,导致成像不理想等问题,基于复杂的地下构造,设计制作了目前世界上模拟施工面积最大、构造最复杂的KS(塔里木盆地克深勘探工区)物理模型。本文的模型技术的进步主要涉及3个方面:模型的设计方法、模型的浇铸流程和数据采集,首次给出了物理模型的三维真实速度模型,定量分析了物理模型的制作精度,绝对误差小于3mm,可以满足方法试验的需要。该模型基于三维形态测量技术建立了三维真实速度模型,可作为方法试验的基础数据。因此,该模型可作为地震物理模拟技术的标准。  相似文献   

碳酸钙沉积溪流中地球化学指标的空间分布和日变化特征:以云南白水台为例   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  

刘再华  张美良  游省易  李强  孙海龙  汪进良  吴孔运 《地球化学》2004,33(3):269-278

目前,国内外利用碳酸钙沉积物进行古环境和古气候重建的研究,空间上主要涉及到地球化学指标的区域分布差异,时间上则将分辨率提高到了年,甚至季节尺度,但对于地球化学指标在同一区域的空间分布和日变化特征则注意不多.采用仪器自动记录、现场滴定和样品室内测试相结合的方法,对正在发生碳酸钙(钙华)沉积的云南白水台溪流和引渠中的地球化学指标的空间和日变化特征进行了研究.结果发现,在碳酸钙大量快速沉积前(方解石饱和指数 SIc小于 1.0),向下游方向,水的 CO2分压降低, pH值和 SIc升高.但当 SIc大于 1.0后,碳酸钙沉积开始 快速产生,此后向下游方向,水的 CO2分压趋于稳定,甚至略有升高;同时,水的 pH值和 SIc也不再升高,而呈现下降现象.与此有关,在溪流下游观测点,由于白天碳酸钙的快速沉积,水的 pH值和 SIc是下降的,而其 CO2分压则升高.这一现象很可能是白天碳酸钙大量快速沉积时产生的 CO2在水中聚集,来不及向大气释放的结果;此外,流速对碳酸钙沉积具有显著的控制作用,表现在流速快的地形陡坎部位, Ca2 和降低更快,因而沉积速率也更大.研究还发现,富含轻碳稳定同位素 12C的 CO2向大气的释放是向下游方向钙华碳稳定同位素组成(δ 13C) 和中午水中溶解无机碳δ 13C增加的主要原因,增加幅度分别可达 1‰ /100 m和 0.6‰～1.3‰(昼夜差);同时,碳酸钙沉积时,水中溶解无机碳与钙华存在碳稳定同位素的动力分馏效应,与沉积速率有关,分馏值为 0‰～3.22‰.  相似文献   

Improvement of ecological geographic regionalization based on remote sensing and canonical correspondence analysis: A case study in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JiaXin Jin  Ying Wang  Hong Jiang  Yan Kong  XueHe Lu  XiuYing Zhang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2016,59(9):1745-1753

Ecological geographic regions, also called eco-regions, can be used to divide a remotely sensed image, which is helpful for reducing the complexity of land cover types within eco-regions and for improving the classification accuracy of land cover. In this case study in China, we improved a method of ecological geographic regionalization that is more suitable for remote sensing mapping of regional land cover, and we obtained new eco-regions. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and k-means clustering were adopted in the ecological geographic regionalization using both seasonal remotely-sensed vegetation information and environmental data including climate, elevation and soil features. Our results show that the combination of seasonal vegetation information and the CCA performed well in the selection of the dominant environmental factor of the biogeographic pattern, and it can be used as regionalization indicators of eco-regions. We found that thermal factors are the most important driving forces of the biogeographic pattern in China, which followed by moisture factors. Two global land cover products (MODIS MCD12C1 and GlobCover) were used to assess our eco-regions. The results show that our eco-regions performed better than that of a previous study regarding the complexity of land cover types, such as in the number of types and the proportional area of the major/secondary type. These results indicate that the method of ecological geographic regionalization, which is based on environmental factors associated with seasonal vegetation features, is effective for reducing the regional complexity of land cover.  相似文献   

Effect of substrate grain size on the growth and morphology of the submersed macrophyte Vallisneria natans L.     

Z.Q. LiL.Y. Kong  L.F. YangM. Zhang  T. CaoJ. Xu  Z.X. Wang 《Limnologica》2012,42(1):81-85

Experiments were conducted to investigate the growth and morphology of the submersed macrophyte Vallisneria natans in relation to seven substrate types. The study also aims to evaluate the influence of the grain size of the aquatic substrate on the submersed macrophyte. The results show that growth, morphology and biomass accumulation of V. natans were significantly affected by the physical properties of the growth substrate. Compared with V. natans grown in pebble and gravel substrates, V. natans grown in silt and clay substrates had greater height, more ramets and leaves, as well as greater biomass accumulation. No significant differences in biomass allocation patterns were found among the different experimental treatments. The total porosity and dry bulk density of the growth substrate strongly influence plant traits. Substantial positive correlations were observed between total porosity and height and total biomass. Also, negative correlations were observed between dry bulk density and height, number of ramets, total biomass and lacunal volume. These results indicate that at high concentrations of water-column nutrients, V. natans responds to different physical properties of the growth substrate by changing growth and biomass accumulation strategies, rather than by changing biomass allocation patterns. Compared with V. natans grown in substrates with larger grain sizes, V. natans appeared well-adapted to substrates with smaller grain sizes. Thus, the physical properties of the growth substrate could be important in determining submersed macrophyte colonization and distribution in shallow eutrophic lakes. This information may be useful in managing shallow eutrophic lakes wherein rooted submersed macrophytes are declining.  相似文献   

数据表象特征在仪器维护中的应用     

尹传兵  丁雨  陈耿琦  王雪莹  孔丽娜 《地震地磁观测与研究》2012,33(5):279-284

针对地震台站使用的DSQ型水管倾斜仪,对仪器因环境变化、系统故障等原因引起的数据异常表象形态及原因进行剖析总结,提出了观测数据典型异常现象及故障的判定方法和检查思路,对台站做好观测仪器的日常维护维修具有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

四川西南峨眉地区晚三叠世瑞替期须家河组地球化学特征及其对物源和构造背景的指示          下载免费PDF全文

朱民  陈汉林  孟立丰  周静  张勇  杨树锋  孔凡立 《地质科学》2019,(1):95-113

基于砂岩碎屑组成、古流向恢复、全岩地球化学分析并结合已报道岩相古地理等研究成果的综合分析,探讨川西南晚三叠世瑞替期须家河组的物源体系、沉积记录及其形成的构造背景。砂岩碎屑组成分析结果显示,峨眉川主地区须家河组砂岩成分成熟度较低,组分与已报道的须家河组砂岩组分相似,物质以再旋回造山带来源为主;古流向测试数据统计显示须家河组主要接受来自东至东北部和东南部的物源,少量接受来自西南部和西北部的物源;地球化学主量元素及风化指数显示峨眉川主须家河组形成于构造活动背景下以被动大陆边缘和活动大陆边缘为主的沉积环境,物源成分成熟度较低;微量和稀土元素分析提示须家河组来源于长英质碎屑且含有较多古老沉积组分的加入,其球粒陨石标准化配分模式、原始地幔标准化微量元素模式与上地壳配分形式具有高度相似性,且物源主要与再旋回的扬子西南攀西-滇黔地区太古代-二叠纪变质岩、秦岭造山带前中生界变质岩和沉积岩、江南雪峰造山带西段的新元古代沉积有关,少量来自康滇古陆新元古代-元古代变质岩和龙门山周缘三叠纪沉积岩。结合须家河组已报道的岩相古地理数据,表明川西南峨眉地区晚三叠世瑞替期须家河组物源主要来自东南部的江南雪峰构造带和北部的秦岭造山带,少量来源于西南部的康滇古陆和西北部的龙门山构造带,川西南峨眉地区形成了主要受江南雪峰构造带、秦岭造山带为主控制的须家河组海陆交互相-陆相沉积盆地。  相似文献   

Paleo-environment and provenance in a lacustrine shallow-water delta-meandering river sedimentary system: insights from the Middle–Upper Jurassic formations of the Fukang Sag of Junggar Basin,NW China     

L. Luo  X. Tan  J. Gluyas  J. Wang  X. Kong 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(5):699-722

The Middle–Upper Jurassic Shishugou Group in the central Junggar Basin was deposited in a lacustrine shallow-water delta-meandering river sedimentary system. The integrated petrological (thin-section, granularity and heavy minerals analysis), geochemical (trace elements and rare earth elements analysis) and geophysical analyses (well logging and 3D-seismic slice analysis) are used to determine redox conditions, paleoclimate, paleosalinity, provenance and sedimentary evolution extant during deposition of the Shishugou Group: (1) the redox condition changed from a weak anoxic/oxic condition to a strongly oxic condition; (2) the climate changed from humid to hot and arid in the Middle–Late Jurassic, which may have resulted in the lake water having slight–medium salinity; (3) the relatively distant northeastern provenance from the Kelameili Mountain is the most important sediment source; and (4) the south provenance from the Tianshan Mountains (Bogeda Shan) decreases with the development of the sag piedmont, which supplies sediments to the southeastern Fukang Sag. The sedimentary environment changed from a lacustrine shallow-water delta to a meandering river during the deposition of the Shishugou Group. The shallow-water meandering river delta was characterised by pervasive mudstones with oxide colours, thin single-layer sand bodies (1–15?m, mean 3?m), relatively low sand–strata ratios (0.2–0.5) and the absence of progradation, mouth bars and reverse rhythms. The gentle slope is the primary condition necessary for the formation of a shallow-water meandering river delta. Paleo-environment (climate change from warm-humid to hot-arid) and the stable and remote Kelameili Mountain provenance played critical roles in the development and evolution of lacustrine–delta-meandering river sedimentary systems.  相似文献   

Thermo-mechanical behavior of energy pile under different climatic conditions     

Wu  Di  Liu  Hanlong  Kong  Gangqinag  Li  Chao 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(5):1495-1508

Acta Geotechnica - The thermal–mechanical behavior of the energy pile under three kinds of climatic conditions was investigated in this study. A small-scale floating energy pile and a...  相似文献   

东南极格罗夫山萨哈罗夫岭漂砾暴露年龄初探          下载免费PDF全文

李广伟  刘小汉  黄费新  孔屏  David Fink  韦利杰  方爱民 《极地研究》2009,21(4):265-271

首次对格罗夫山地区漂砾的暴露年龄进行的研究表明,萨哈罗夫岭冰原岛峰的两块漂砾样品的 Be最小暴露年龄分别为1．24±0．11Ma和1．37±0．12Ma, 。A1最小暴露年龄分别为0．90 4-0．12Ma和0．44±0．04Ma。萨哈罗夫岭附近冰面上的漂砾样品的 Be和 A1最小暴露年龄分别是0．47±0．3Ma和0．44±0．04Ma。考虑到误差,萨哈罗夫岭三块漂砾的最小暴露年龄与相近高程的基岩样品的最小暴露年龄基本一致。因此,在利用原地生成宇宙成因核素测年技术对东南极内陆格罗夫山地区的冰川消涨历史进行研究时,基岩和漂砾暴露年龄所反映出的冰川演化历史是明显吻合的。  相似文献   

Wavenumber of the guided wave supported by a thin resistive layer in marine controlled‐source electromagnetics     

F.N. Kong  S.E. Johnstad  J. Park 《Geophysical Prospecting》2010,58(4):711-723

This paper discusses the asymptotic behaviour of the electromagnetic fields received on the sea‐bed (target response), as well as the fields distributed inside a thin resistive target, generated by a horizontal electric dipole above the sea‐bed in marine controlled‐source electromagnetics for hydrocarbon exploration. It is found that the guided wave supported by a thin resistive target can be expressed as a single‐mode exponential function. A simple closed‐form expression is derived to relate the single‐mode wavenumber of the guided wave to the model parameters: the resistivity and thickness of the target layer, the sea‐bed resistivity and the frequency. When the air‐wave is removed, the guided wave is dominant among the fields received on the sea‐bed at far offset. Hence the wavenumber of the guided wave can be calculated from the fields measured on the sea‐bed. The closed‐form expression can then be used to invert the target property from the calculated wavenumber and hence, can be considered as a hydrocarbon indicator.  相似文献