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Kazunari Nawa Naoki Suda Yoshio Fukao Tadahiro Sato Yoshiaki Tamura Kazuo Shibuya Herbert McQueen Heikki Virtanen Jussi Kriinen 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2000,120(4):289-297
Records of superconducting gravimeters (SGs) at Canberra (Australia), Esashi (Japan), Metsähovi (Finland) and Syowa Stations (Antarctica) were analyzed to search for further evidence of background free oscillations of the Earth. Spectrograms for 1-year period and averaged power spectra for seismically quiet periods were obtained for each of the stations. Anomalous features of the oscillations observed at Syowa Station, such as an apparent seasonal variation and a high intensity at frequencies between 3 and 4 mHz, were absent at the other SG stations. Among the SG stations used in this study, the background free oscillations were detected most consistently and distinctly at Canberra, where the noise level was comparable to that at the IDA quietest station, while that at Syowa Station was close to the critical limit for detecting the oscillations. The background free oscillations provide a good reference to evaluate the noise level in the milliHertz band. 相似文献
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Ken Suda M. Sc. 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1955,32(1):159-169
Summary A synoptic study is made based primarily on 10-day and 5-day mean maps on an unusually cold spell which appeared all over the Far East in the end of January, 1954, following an abnormal warmth. It is found that while it is warm in Japan, cold air is accumulated in Siberia to the north of the climatological jet stream and is confined in the northern latitudes by the latter as long as the high index pattern prevails. But once the index drops, with the southward displacement of the jet stream, the permanent trough of the Far East deepens and the cold air so far accumulated is allowed to penetrate into southern latitudes. Some characteristic features of contour pattern and frontal activity preceding and following the cold air outbreak are described. Further, it is shown that the blocking wave directly related to the cold air outbreak in the Far East can be traced from as far east as North America or possibly the eastern Atlantic. 相似文献
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To assess differences in fish assemblage structures among microhabitats within the surf zone of an exposed sandy beach, three microhabitats (onshore current, rip current, and river adjacent sites) were sampled at Sanrimatsubara Beach, western Japan, in May, August, and November 2002 and 2003. Although several physical variables (e.g. wave height, current speed, turbidity, salinity, and sand particle size) and major prey abundances (calanoid copepods and mysids) differed among the sites, no significant differences were apparent in the numbers of fish species and individuals among the sites in any month in either year. In addition, species and individual numbers of two dominant feeding groups (zooplankton feeders, and epiphytic and benthic crustacean feeders) did not show any significant responses to among-site differences in prey abundance. Cluster and ordination analysis confirmed the similarity in fish species composition among the three sites. These results indicated that the surf zone fish assemblage structures were similar among the microhabitats in spite of there being microhabitat-related differences in abiotic and biotic environments. 相似文献
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A. Suda T. Makino 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(10):2375-2382
Rice consumption is considered an important arsenic source for the population in Asian countries. Previous studies showed increase in arsenic solubility in flooded soils and arsenic uptake by rice plants with the application of organic amendments, while contrasting results were also reported. Here, we comprehensively examined the effect of three types of organic amendments on arsenic solubility during long-term flooded soil incubation. The amendments examined were categorized as (1) plant-based composts, (2) cattle manures, and (3) fermented livestock (swine and poultry) droppings. The dissolved arsenic in all soils with fermented livestock dropping was significantly greater than that in control soils at 10 and 39 days after incubation. The soils with two cattle manures also contained significantly greater amounts of dissolved arsenic than control soils at day 39, while the rest of the amendments did not increase arsenic solubility. At day 80, the amount of dissolved arsenic in all soils became comparable. Tukey’s test demonstrated that the relative ratio of dissolved arsenic in soils with fermented livestock droppings to control soils was significantly greater than those with the plant-based composts and cattle manures at days 10 and 39. Furthermore, the solubilizing effect of some organic amendments was mostly explained by promotion of decrease in soil Eh, rather than increase in dissolved organic carbon. Thus, it could be concluded that fermented livestock droppings potentially have a greater risk of solubilizing As than plant-based composts and cattle manures, because of their greater ability for accelerating soil reduction, associated with their higher bio-decomposability. 相似文献
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海带和裙带菜硝酸还原酶活性比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验海带和裙带菜孢子体在不同部位、不同生长期硝酸还原酶的活性。指出两种藻硝酸还原酶的活性随年龄增长而增强，叶片横向和纵向酶活性分布。阐明生长在不同水层的海带在同一部位酶活性的差异。 相似文献
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Shigenori Maruyama Ken Kurokawa Toshikazu Ebisuzaki Yusuke Sawaki Konomi Suda M.Santo 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(4):1337-1357
The origin of life on Earth remains enigmatic with diverse models and debates.Here we discuss essential requirements for the first emergence of life on our planet and propose the following nine requirements:(1)an energy source(ionizing radiation and thermal energy);(2)a supply of nutrients(P.K.REE.etc.);(3)a supply of life-constituting major elements;(4)a high concentration of reduced gases such as CH_4,HCN and NH_3;(5)dry-wet cycles to create membranes and polymerize RNA;(6)a non-toxic aqueous environment;(7)Na-poor water;(8)highly diversified environments,and(9)cyclic conditions,such as dayto-night,hot-to-cold etc.Based on these nine requirements,we evaluate previously proposed locations for the origin of Earth's life,including:(1)Darwin's "warm little pond",leading to a "prebiotic soup" for life;(2)panspermia or Neo-panspermia(succession model of panspermia);(3)transportation from/through Mars;(4)a deepsea hydrothermal system;(5)an on-land subduct ion-zone hot spring,and(6)a geyser systems driven by a natural nuclear reactor.We conclude that location(6)is the most ideal candidate for the o rigin point for Earth's life because of its efficiency in continuously supplying both the energy and the necessary materials for life,thereby maintaining the essential "cradle" for its initial development.We also emphasize that falsifiable working hypothesis provides an important tool to evaluate one of the biggest mysteries of the universe-the origin of life. 相似文献
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Despite the long tradition of technical mitigation on a catchment scale in European mountain regions, losses due to mountain
hazards are still considerably high in number and monetary loss. Therefore, the concept of technical mitigation had been supplemented
by land-use planning and, more recently, local structural protection. Local structural protection includes measures directly
implemented at or adjacent to endangered objects, and has proven to be particularly cost-effective with respect to integral
risk management strategies. However, the effect of local structural protection in reducing the vulnerability of elements at
risk, and the associated consequences with respect to a reduction of structural vulnerability have not been quantified so
far. Moreover, there is a particular gap in quantifying the expenditures necessary for local structural protection measures.
Therefore, a prototype of residential building adapted to mountain hazards is presented in this study. This prototype is equipped
with various constructional elements to resist the incurring impact forces, i.e., of fluvial sediment transport and of snow
avalanches. According to possible design loads emerging from these hazard processes, the constructive design necessary is
presented, and the amount of additional costs required for such an adaptation is presented. By comparing these costs with
quantitative loss data it is shown that adapted building design is particularly effective to reduce the consequences of low-magnitude,
high-frequency events in mountain regions. 相似文献