A toxicity identification evaluation of silty marine harbor sediments to characterize persistent and non-persistent constituents     

Stronkhorst J  Schot ME  Dubbeldam MC  Ho KT 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(1):56-64

Sediment toxicity in silty marine harbor sediments is frequently dominated by ammonia or sulfide, leaving the adverse effects of persistent toxic substances unnoticed. To investigate the latter, we subjected interstitial water from three contaminated silty sediments to toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) phase I manipulations and tested for toxicity with four bioassays: the amphipod Corophium volutator (survival as an endpoint), the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris (fertilization, embryo development) and the bacterium Vibrio fischeri (bioluminescence inhibition).The graduated pH manipulations identified the prominent toxicity of ammonia in the amphipod and sea urchin embryo tests, and also sulfide toxicity in the bacterium test. In two of the three samples tested with the amphipods, sea urchin embryos and bacteria, a small but significant reduction in interstitial water toxicity was achieved by removing persistent compounds through C(18) solid phase extraction. EDTA chelation resulted in a slight detoxification of the interstitial water for the amphipods and sea urchin embryos, but this was not related to any measured trace metals. Despite the presence of toxic levels of ammonia and sulfide in the harbor sediments, we established the adverse biological effects of persistent constituents by means of the TIE manipulations and in vivo interstitial water bioassays.  相似文献   

Incorporation and leaching of heavy metals in clay annealed with Pb, Cu and V     

Volker Karius  Petra Bruhns  Kay Hamer  Reinhard X. Fischer 《Environmental Geology》2001,41(3-4):297-304

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Tributyltin release from harbour sediments--modelling the influence of sedimentation, bio-irrigation and diffusion using data from Bremerhaven     

Hamer K  Karius V 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(9):980-992

This study describes the potential release of TBT from harbour sediments based on model calculations for different sediment management scenarios applying a numerical one-dimensional FD-model. A conceptual model was developed focussing on the following processes involved in the transport of TBT: sorption equilibrium, diffusion, irrigation and sedimentation. Assuming TBT-concentration of 292 microg/kg in the sediment, the diffusive release of TBT from sediments into the bottom water was calculated to 7.4 x 10(-7)-6.9 x 10(-6)mol m(-2) after 1 year and 7.4 x 10(-6)-1.6 x 10(-4)mol m(-2) after 100 years. In these scenarios, neither sedimentation nor capping were considered. Assuming a sedimentation at a rate of 1cm/a, the polluted sediments will be covered with TBT-free suspended matter. A diffusive release of TBT will be prevented if no bio-irrigation takes place. Capping with a layer of sand of 50 cm thickness will decrease the diffusive release. If a reactive capping could be applied, the release of TBT into the bottom water would be stopped almost completely. The study shows that our model calculations enables us to compare different scenarios in sediment management based on available data. Additionally, it can provide information for risk assessment in the absence of data.  相似文献   

Discriminant analysis applied to aerial radiometric data and its application to Uranium favorability in South Texas     

David A. Patterson  Fredric L. Pirkle  Mark E. Johnson  Thomas R. Bement  Newton K. Stablein  C. Kay Jackson 《Mathematical Geology》1981,13(6):535-568

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The Public's View of National Parks     

Kay L. Booth 《New Zealand geographer》1987,43(2):60-65

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Uncertainty analysis for estimating flood frequencies for ungauged catchments using rainfall-runoff models     

David A. Jones  Alison L. Kay 《Advances in water resources》2007

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On rational grounds: Systems analysis in catchment land use planning. Edited by D. Bennett and J. F. Thomas,Elsevier scientific publishing company,Oxford, 1982. Price: US$88.25. ISBN 0 444 42056 8     

David Kay 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1983,8(1):96-96

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Climate change and river flooding: part 1 classifying the sensitivity of British catchments   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Christel Prudhomme  Sue Crooks  Alison L. Kay  Nick Reynard 《Climatic change》2013,118(3-4):933-948

Effective national and regional policy guidance on climate change adaptation relies on robust scientific evidence. This two-part series of papers develops and implements a novel scenario-neutral framework enabling an assessment of the vulnerability of flood flows in British catchments to climatic change, to underpin the development of guidance for the flood management community. In this first part, the sensitivity of the 20-year return period flood peak (RP20) to changes in precipitation (P), temperature (T) and potential evapotranspiration (PE) is systematically assessed for 154 catchments. A sensitivity domain of 4,200 scenarios is applied combining 525 and 8 sets of P and T/PE mean monthly changes, respectively, with seasonality incorporated using a single-phase harmonic function. Using the change factor method, the percentage change in RP20 associated with each scenario of the sensitivity domain is calculated, giving flood response surfaces for each catchment. Using a clustering procedure on the response surfaces, the 154 catchments are divided into nine groups: flood sensitivity types. These sensitivity types show that some catchments are (very) sensitive to changes in P but others buffer the response, while the location of catchments of the same type does not show any strong geographical pattern. These results reflect the range of hydrological processes found in Britain, and demonstrate the potential importance of catchment properties (physical and climatic) in the propagation of change in climate to change in floods, and so in characterising the sensitivity types (covered in the companion paper).  相似文献   

Risk perception bias, self-reporting of illness, and the validity of reported results in an epidemiologic study of recreational water associated illnesses     

Fleisher JM  Kay D 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(3):264-268

Epidemiologic studies of water associated illness often have to rely on self-reported symptoms of the outcome illness(es) under study. Individual participant's perception of risk, in theory, can affect the validity of self-reported symptoms. The magnitude and effect of possible "risk perception bias" was evaluated as part of a series of randomized trials designed to assess infectious disease transmission via exposure to marine recreational waters with modest sewage contamination. All study subjects were blinded to both their individual indices of exposure and the outcome illnesses under study. Of the five outcome illnesses studied, the effect of "risk perception bias" only effected one: skin ailments. Although analysis of crude rates of skin ailments showed the exposed group (bathers) to be 3.5 times more likely to report skin ailments relative to the non-exposed (non-bathers), when the data was stratified by any perceived health risk of bathing in such waters, this association was shown to be spurious in nature. Bathers having pre-conceived notions of any health risk due to the exposure were 10.63 times more likely to report skin ailments relative to the unexposed (non-bathers) (95% CI 2.36-47.8, P = 0.0002), while bathers without any pre-conceived notion of risk were no more likely to report skin ailments relative to non-bathers (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.11-3.24, P = 0.71). Further stratification by exposure grouping showed bathers with pre-conceived notions of excess risk to be 4.78 times more likely to report skin ailments relative to bathers without any notion of excess risk (95% CI 1.04-21.86, P = 0.03), while among non-bathers those with pre-conceived notions of risk were 3.70 times less likely to report skin ailments relative to non-bathers without any pre-conceived notion of risk (95% CI 0.70-19.60, P = 0.10). This study shows that "risk perception bias" can be strong enough to lead to spurious associations in the presence of self-reported symptoms, and should be controlled for in future epidemiologic studies of recreational water associated illnesses and other water associated environmental exposures where the use of self-reported symptoms cannot be avoided.  相似文献   

Modern and historical tropical cyclone and tsunami deposits at the coast of Myanmar: Implications for their identification and preservation in the geological record     

Dominik Brill  Katharina Seeger  Anna Pint  Felix Reize  Kay Thwe Hlaing  Martin Seeliger  Stephan Opitz  Khin Mi Mi Win  Win Thuzar Nyunt  Nilar Aye  Aung Aung  Kyaw Kyaw  Frauke Kraas  Helmut Brückner 《Sedimentology》2020,67(3):1431-1459

The catastrophic storm surge of tropical cyclone Nargis in May 2008 demonstrated Myanmar's exposure to coastal flooding. The investigation of sediments left by tropical cyclone Nargis and its predecessors is an important contribution to prepare for the impact of future tropical cyclones and tsunamis in the region, because they may extend the database for long-term hazard assessment beyond the relatively short instrumental and historical record. This study, for the first time, presents deposits of modern and historical tropical cyclones and tsunamis from the coast of Myanmar. The aim is to establish regional sedimentary characteristics that may help to identify and discriminate cyclones and tsunamis in the geological record, and to document post-depositional changes due to tropical weathering in the first years after deposition. These findings if used to interpret older deposits will extend the existing instrumental record of flooding events in Myanmar. Evaluating deposits that can be related to specific events, such as the 2006 tropical cyclone Mala and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, indicates similar sedimentary characteristics for both types of sediments. Landward thinning and fining trends, littoral sediment sources and sharp lower contacts allow for the differentiation from underlying deposits, while discrimination between tropical cyclone and tsunami origin is challenging based on the applied methods. The modern analogues also demonstrate a rather low preservation potential of the sand sheets due to carbonate dissolution, formation of organic top soils, and coastal erosion. However, in coastal depressions sand sheets of sufficient thickness (>10 cm) may be preserved where the shoreline is prograding or stable. In the most seaward swale of a beach-ridge plain at the Rakhine coast, two sand sheets have been identified in addition to the deposits of 2006 tropical cyclone Mala. Based on a combination of optically stimulated luminescence, radiocarbon and ¹³⁷Cs dating, the younger sand layer is related to 1982 tropical cyclone Gwa, while the older sand layer is most probably the result of an event that took place prior to 1950. Comparison with historical records indicates that the archive is only sensitive to tropical cyclones of category 4 (or higher) with landfall directly in or a few tens of kilometres north of the study area. While the presented tropical cyclone records are restricted to the last 100 years, optically stimulated luminescence ages of the beach ridges indicate that the swales landward of the one investigated in this study might provide tropical cyclone information for at least the past 700 years.  相似文献