苏门答腊地震引发毁灭性海啸     

R．Showstack吕春来  陈运泰 《世界地震译丛》2004,(6):79-79

据美国国家海洋与大气管理局太平洋海底环境实验室主任E．Bernard说，印度尼西亚苏门答腊北部以西近海12月26日M9．0级地震随后的毁灭性海啸“据我们所知是第一次全球性的海啸。”  相似文献   

由ODP Leg191布设的海底井下宽频带地震仪系统     

M．Shinohara  E．Araki  T．Kanazawa  M．Mochizuki  K．Hirata  K．Suyehiro  H．Mikada  T．Yamada  Y．Kaiho  周公威  郝春月  吕春来 《世界地震译丛》2004,(6):80-82

名为WP-2的新井下地震观测站由ODP Leg191成功地布设在西北太平洋海盆的ODP1179E钻孔。为了研究地球构造，WP-2台站被安置在一个独特的点位。两套宽频带地震仪用水泥固定在玄武岩层内，通过ROV号潜艇来驱动系统并检查系统的工作状态。ROV也用于回收初始数据。WP-2台站的地震噪声水平对地震观测而言是足够低的。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地北缘古生代超高压带中花岗质岩浆作用   总被引：38，自引：0，他引：38  

吴才来  杨经绥  许志琴  Joseph L.WOODEN  Trevor IRELAND  李海兵  史仁灯  孟繁聪  陈松永  Harold PERSING  Anders MEIBOM 《地质学报》2004,78(5):658-674

祁连南缘古生代超高压变质带 (榴辉岩年龄为 4 6 6～ 4 95 Ma)上一套中高级变质岩系 (达肯大坂片麻岩 )中存在三类花岗岩组合 : 类 :石英二长闪长岩 -花岗闪长岩 -二长花岗岩 , 类 :二长花岗岩 -二云母花岗岩-含白云母花岗岩 -正长花岗岩 , 类 :花岗闪长岩 -二长花岗岩 -黑云母花岗岩。 类岩石组合中的二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP年龄为 4 73Ma, 类岩石组合中的正长花岗岩锆石 SHRIMP年龄为 4 4 6 Ma, 类岩石组合中的二长花岗岩锆石 SHRIMP年龄为 397Ma。从三类花岗岩组合的组成矿物来看 , 类和 类的矿物组合主要为斜长石、角闪石、石英、碱性长石、黑云母 , 类的矿物组合为钾长石、石英、白云母、黑云母、斜长石 ;从岩石地球化学特征上看 , 类和 类花岗岩为 型花岗岩 ,岩石的 Si O2 =6 1%～ 6 9% ,Na2 O/ K2 O>1,ANK<1,δEu=0 .7～ 1.0 ; 类花岗岩为 S型花岗岩 ,岩石的 Si O2 =70 %～ 76 % ,Na2 O/ K2 O<1,ANK>1,δEu=0 .1～ 0 .3;从构造环境上看 , 类花岗岩形成于岛弧环境或活动大陆边缘 , 类花岗岩形成于同碰撞 , 类花岗岩形成于碰撞后。结合区域地质特征 ,我们认为 ,早奥陶世 ,南祁连洋板块向北俯冲于祁连陆块之下 ,规模不大的南祁连洋很快闭合 ,但俯冲下去的大洋板块仍拖动柴达木陆块继续俯冲 ,俯冲  相似文献   

土壤的冷生构造及其对阿拉斯加土地利用的意义     

C. L Ping  M.T. Jorgeson  Y.L. Shur 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):1-7

Cryogenic structure (patterns made by ice inclusions) in seasonally frozen and permafrost-af-fected soils result from ice formation during freezing. Analysis of cryogenic structures in soils is essential to our understanding of the cryogenic processes in soils and to formulating land use management interpretations. When soils freeze, the freezing front moves downward and attracts water moving upward resulting in mainly horizontal lenticular ice formation. Platy and lenticular soil structures form between ice lenses in upper active layer. The reticular soil structure usually forms above the permafrost table caused by freeze-back of the permafrost. The upward freeze-back resulted in platy soil structure and the volume changes following the annual freeze-thaw cycle resulted in vertical cracks. The combined result is an ice-net formation with mineral soils embedded in the ice net. The upper permafrost layer that used to be a part of the active layer has an ice content exceeding 50% due to repeated freeze-thaw cycles over time. The mineral soils appear in blocks embedded in an ice matrix. The permafrost layer that never experienced the freeze-thaw cycle often consists of alternate layers of thin ice lens and frozen soils with extreme hard consistence and has relatively lower ice content than the ice-rich layer of the upper permafrost. Ice contents and thaw settling potentials associated with each cryogenic structure should be considered in engineering and land use interpretations.  相似文献   

北京市春夏季大气气溶胶的单颗粒分析表征   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

肖锐刘成德  梁汉东董树屏 F．Adams 《岩矿测试》2004,23(2):125-131

采集了北京市2000年春夏季大气气溶胶样品5个，采用扫描电镜X射线能谱技术分析大气气溶胶单颗粒约2500个。研究结果表明，沙尘期间，矿物尘是最主要的颗粒物种类，非沙尘期间，北京市大气气溶胶中主要检出矿物尘和含硫颗粒物。夏季随着颗粒物污染的加重，含硫颗粒物的数目百分数增加。是北京市大气颗粒物污染的重要特征。重点讨论了Ca-S颗粒、K-S颗粒和Ca-K-S颗粒三类典型含硫颗粒物的化学组成和粒径分布特征。数目可观的Ca-K-S颗粒以及其他硫酸盐颗粒的生成与相对湿度和云量等气象条件相关，这些颗粒物可能是云中过程的产物。减少SO2排放，减少含硫颗粒物，对于控制北京市的大气颗粒物浓度水平具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Pressure State in Deep Crust and Formation Depth of UHP Metamorphic Rocks     

Lü Guxian 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2004,15(2):135-144

INTRODUCTIONSincethediscoveryofeclogiteswithcoesiteanddia mondinclusionsrelatedtothecontinent continentcollision orogenyenvironment,theultrahigh pressuremetamorphism(UHPM )intheDabie Suluhasarousedgreatinterestinmanygeologists (Liouetal .,1994 ;Xuetal.,1992 ) .Experimentalstudieshaveprovedthatsuchmineralsasdia mond ,coesiteandomphaciteoccurredat 2 - 5GPa (andatthecorrespondingtemperatures) (Stevenetal.,1982 ;MirwaldandMasonne ,1980 ) .However,itdoesnotmeanthatthemetamorphicrockscanbe…  相似文献   

用于南非疟疾控制的空间辅助决策支持系统     

Sharp B L  Martin C L  Fraser C  印洁 《测绘文摘》2004,(1)

莫桑比克、斯威士兰和南非政府于1999年建立了Lubombo空间发展计划(LSDI),用于促进国家边境地区农村的经济发展。LSDI的目标是增加就业机会,吸引投资,预计五年达到如下目标:促进政府间多层次合作;提高国家在基础设施、旅游和农业的投资;建立稳定的投资环境。  相似文献   

数字地图制图学中理论和方法的不足     

Meng L  谢永达 《测绘文摘》2004,(1)

数字制图技术似乎已经弥补了传统制图过程中固有的缺陷,例如从三维到二维的几何转换等。同时,数字地图的表达已经扩展到能适应空间数据日益增长的复杂性。标准地图正受到更大量的类似地图表达方式或直观图形信息的冲击。用户可以实现现实与虚拟现实的任意漫游。然而制图理论和方法的发展大大落后于制图技  相似文献   

Possible Impacts of the Arctic Oscillation on the Interdecadal Variation of Summer Monsoon Rainfall in East Asia   总被引：18，自引：5，他引：18  

JU Jianhu  Lü Junmei  CAO Jie  REN Juzhang 《大气科学进展》2005,22(1):39-48

The influences of the wintertime AO (Arctic Oscillation) on the interdecadal variation of summer monsoon rainfall in East Asia were examined. An interdecadal abrupt change was found by the end of the 1970s in the variation of the AO index and the leading principal component time series of the summer rainfall in East Asia, The rainfall anomaly changed from below normal to above normal in central China, the southern part of northeastern China and the Korean peninsula around 1978. However,the opposite interdecadal variation was found in the rainfall anomaly in North China and South China.The interdecadal variation of summer rainfall is associated with the weakening of the East Asia summer monsoon circulation. It is indicated that the interdecadal variation of the AO exerts an influence on the weakening of the monsoon circulation. The recent trend in the AO toward its high-index polarity during the past two decades plays important roles in the land-sea contrast anomalies and wintertime precipitation anomaly. The mid- and high-latitude regions of the Asian continent are warming, while the low-latitude regions are cooling in winter and spring along with the AO entering its high-index polarity after the late 1970s. In the meantime, the precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and South China is excessive, implying an increase of soil moisture. The cooling tendency of the land in the southern part of Asia will persist until summer because of the memory of soil moisture. So the warming of the Asian continent is relatively slow in summer. Moreover, the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean which are located southward and eastward of the Asian land, are warming from winter to summer. This suggests that the contrast between the land and sea is decreased in summer. The interdecadal decrease of the land-sea heat contrast finally leads to the weakening of the East Asia summer monsoon circulation.  相似文献   

“译编”序     

А．К．库尔斯克耶夫 《内陆地震》2005,19(4):I0009-I0009

地震是没有国界的。我们都认识到,地震夺走了数十万人的生命,使发生破坏性地震的中国和哈萨克斯坦共和国国民经济和社会发展遭到极大危害。无论是在深入研究地震过程理论方面,还是在创建地震危险性评定以及地震和地震灾害预测方法科学原理方面的合作,仍然是两国地震学者加强合作的基础。在过去16年期间,中、哈两国地震工作者们实施了大范围的地震科学研究和组织工作,获取的新资料在敬请读者关注的专著中广泛地应用。作者致力于专著工作时,力求找到对下列问题的解答,即破坏性地震何地、何时和为什么发生?当然,一个人不可能对这些问题作出全面…  相似文献