红外相机记录的河西走廊荒漠生态系统中兽类和鸟类的群落动态     

林永一  王永珍  赵文智  李锋瑞  巴义彬  刘继亮 《中国沙漠》2022,42(3):159-169

河西走廊地势狭长,位于两山之间,主要由荒漠构成,生境一旦遭到破坏,当地物种将很难找到替代的栖息地。本文以河西走廊中部典型砾质戈壁为研究区,经由2019—2020年红外相机和人工观测等方式监测到的兽类和鸟类数据为基准,探讨其群落动态及活动节律。结果表明：砾质戈壁兽类中的国家Ⅱ级重点保护及“三有”（有重要生态、科学、社会价值）动物有6种,而砾质戈壁鸟类中的国家Ⅱ级重点保护及“三有”动物有8种。兽类群落的季节变化小,春季鹅喉羚（Gazella subgutturosa）等的相对多度指数略高于其他季节,三趾跳鼠（Dipus sagitta）在4月大量出现;鸟类群落季节变化明显,春、夏季和秋季鸟类的相对多度指数高于冬季,物种数在夏季和秋季达到峰值。兽类和鸟类的相对多度变化趋势相似,均在夏末和春季达到顶峰。兽类的月相对多度指数与土壤含水量呈极显著的负相关,鹅喉羚和沙狐（Vulpes corsac）等日活动节律受人类活动影响出现在夜间、黄昏或黎明。鸟类的月相对多度指数与人类活动、空气温度、土壤温度和节肢动物均呈显著正相关,但人类活动在生长季会降低一些鸟类的活动频率。总之,河西走廊中部戈壁是鹅喉羚、沙狐、红隼（Falco tinnunculus）、锲尾伯劳（Lanius sphenocercus）、黑尾地鸦（Podoces hendersoni）、沙鵖（Oenanthe isabellina）、漠鵖（Oenanthe deserti）和短趾百灵（Calandrella cheleensis）等兽类和鸟类的主要栖息地,建立沙化土地封禁保护区对保护荒漠动物多样性具有重要的生态意义。  相似文献   

酸雨观测中pH测量负偏差的统计分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

汤洁  巴金 《应用气象学报》2013,24(1):55-64

该文对1992—2011年的酸雨观测资料中存在的pH测量负偏差进行统计分析。结果显示:除西北地区、青藏高原外的大部分酸雨观测站不同程度地出现pH值测量负偏差,总体上南方地区台站的pH测量负偏差问题较北方地区突出;随着测量仪器的更新换型、观测业务规范化管理水平的提升以及一些针对性技术措施的实施,存在pH测量负偏差问题的观测台站比例从20世纪90年代的40%以上下降为25%,观测资料中受pH测量负偏差影响的数据比例由10%下降到2%。pH负偏差的量值与降水pH值之间存在一定依存关系:降水pH值越低,负偏差问题越严重,pH负偏差的主要量值分布区间为-0.6~0,约占负偏差数据的80%。  相似文献   

A new set of integrals of motion to propagate the perturbed two-body problem     

Giulio Baù  Claudio Bombardelli  Jesús Peláez 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2013,116(1):53-78

A formulation of the perturbed two-body problem that relies on a new set of orbital elements is presented. The proposed method represents a generalization of the special perturbation method published by Peláez et al. (Celest Mech Dyn Astron 97(2):131–150, 2007) for the case of a perturbing force that is partially or totally derivable from a potential. We accomplish this result by employing a generalized Sundman time transformation in the framework of the projective decomposition, which is a known approach for transforming the two-body problem into a set of linear and regular differential equations of motion. Numerical tests, carried out with examples extensively used in the literature, show the remarkable improvement of the performance of the new method for different kinds of perturbations and eccentricities. In particular, one notable result is that the quadratic dependence of the position error on the time-like argument exhibited by Peláez’s method for near-circular motion under the $J_{2}$ perturbation is transformed into linear. Moreover, the method reveals to be competitive with two very popular element methods derived from the Kustaanheimo-Stiefel and Sperling-Burdet regularizations.  相似文献   

Accurate analytical approximation of asteroid deflection with constant tangential thrust     

Claudio Bombardelli  Giulio Baù 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2012,114(3):279-295

We present analytical formulas to estimate the variation of achieved deflection for an Earth-impacting asteroid following a continuous tangential low-thrust deflection strategy. Relatively simple analytical expressions are obtained with the aid of asymptotic theory and the use of Peláez orbital elements set, an approach that is particularly suitable to the asteroid deflection problem and is not limited to small eccentricities. The accuracy of the proposed formulas is evaluated numerically showing negligible error for both early and late deflection campaigns. The results will be of aid in planning future low-thrust asteroid deflection missions.  相似文献   

3D scattering of obliquely incident plane SV waves by an alluvial valley embedded in a fluid-saturated,poroelastic layered half-space     

Zhenning Ba  Jianwen Liang  Xiongyi Mei 《地震学报(英文版)》2013,(2):107-116

The indirect boundary element method is used to study the 3D dynamic response of an infinitely long alluvial valley embedded in a saturated layered half-space for obli- quely incident SV waves. A wave-number transform is first applied along the valley＇s axis to reduce a 3D problem to a 2D plane strain problem. The problem is then solved in the section perpendicular to the axis of the valley. Finally, the 3D dynamic responses of the valley are obtained by an inverse wave-number transform. The validity of the method is con- firmed by comparison with relevant results. The differences between the responses around the valley embedded in dry and in saturated poroelastic medium are studied, and the effects of drainage conditions, porosity, soil layer stiffness, and soil layer thickness on the dynamic response are dis- cussed in detail resulting in some conclusions.  相似文献   

Early Paleoproterozoic magmatism in the Quanji Massif, northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its tectonic significance: LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Songlin Gong  Nengsong Chen  Qinyan WangT.M. Kusky  Lu Wang  Lu ZhangJin Ba  Fanxi Liao 《Gondwana Research》2012,21(1):152-166

The Quanji Massif is located on the north side of the Qaidam Block and is interpreted as an ancient cratonic remnant that was detached from the Tarim Craton. There are regionally exposed granitic gneisses in the basement of the Quanji Massif whose protoliths were granitic intrusive rocks. Previous studies obtained intrusion ages for some of these granitic gneiss protoliths. The intrusion ages span a wide range from ~ 2.2 Ga to ~ 2.47 Ga. This study has determined the U-Pb zircon age of four granitic gneiss samples from the eastern, central and western parts of the Quanji Massif. CL images and trace elements show that the zircons from these four granitic gneisses have typical magmatic origins, and experienced different degrees of Pb loss due to strong metamorphism and deformation. LA-ICPMS zircon dating yields an upper intercept age of 2381 ± 41 (2σ) Ma from monzo-granitic gneiss in the Hudesheng area and 2392 ± 25 (2σ) Ma from granodioritic gneiss in the Mohe area, eastern Quanji Massif, and 2367 ± 12 (2σ) Ma from monzo-granitic gneiss in the Delingha area, central Quanji Massif, and 2372 ± 22 (2σ) Ma from monzo-granitic gneiss in the Quanjishan area, western Quanji Massif. These results reveal that the intrusive age of the protoliths of the widespread granitic gneisses in the Quanji Massif basement was restricted between 2.37 and 2.39 Ga, indicating regional granitic magmatism in the early Paleoproterozoic, perhaps related to the fragmentation stage of the Kenorland supercontinent. Geochemical results from the granodioritic gneiss from the Mohe area indicate that the protolith of this gneiss is characterized by adakitic rocks derived from partial melting of garnet-amphibolite beneath a thickened lower crust in a rifting regime after continent-continent collision and crustal thickening, genetically similar to the TTG gneisses in the North China Craton. This suggests that the Quanji Massif had a tectonic history similar to the Archean Central Orogenic Belt of North China Craton during the early Paleoproterozoic. We tentatively suggest that the Quanji Massif and the parental Tarim Craton and the North China Craton experienced rifting in the early Paleoproterozoic, after amalgamation at the end of the Archean. The Tarim Craton and North China Craton might have had close interaction from the late Neoarchean to the early Paleoproterozoic.  相似文献   

黄河源区气候向暖湿转变的观测事实及其水文响应     

蓝永超  鲁承阳  喇承芳  沈永平  金会军  宋洁  文军  刘金鹏 《冰川冻土》2013,35(4):920-928

基于黄河河源区干流各水文站和有关气象站、雨量站的气温、降水与径流观测资料, 分析了该区域的气候变化特征与趋势及其水文响应. 结果表明: 在全球变暖的大背景下, 自20世纪80年代后期开始西北地区西部新疆、甘肃河西走廊西部等地降水量显著增加、气候明显由"暖干"转向"暖湿"后, 到21世纪初的年代中期后黄河源区降水量亦出现明显的增长, 气候明显转向暖湿. 最新的观测数据显示, 2005年以来河源区平均年降水量已连续多年超过多年均值进入一个多雨期, 河源区各断面来水量也于2008年后连续多年超过多年均值, 进入一个连续丰水段, 并于2012年达到了自1989年以后20余年来的最大值. 这种变化的前景如何, 目前尚不能确定, 尚需对未来河源区气候在时间与空间上变化的速度和程度进一步观察和分析. 根据对与该区域气候关系密切的东亚季风活动的研究成果以及对河源区气候与径流变化的观测事实及趋势推测, 未来黄河源区气候向暖湿的转化在时间尺度上年代际的可能性较大.  相似文献   

Modern climate of the Cát Tiên National Park (Southern Vietnam): Climatological data for ecological studies     

O. A. Deshcherevskaya  V. K. Avilov  Ba Duy Dinh  Cong Huan Tran  J. A. Kurbatova 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2013,49(8):819-838

A method of using the standard network weather station data for local ecosystem research is considered on the example of the modern climate of the Cát Tiên National Park (Southern Vietnam) and local climate change in 1980–2010. Special attention is focused on the environmental parameters, which play a role of the limiting factors. It is shown that the climate of Southern Vietnam responds with statistical significance to global climate change. Suggestions about the possible reactions of tropical monsoon forest ecosystem to climate change are given.  相似文献   

粤北桃村坝花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及成因研究          下载免费PDF全文

单芝波  李坤  凌洪飞  沈渭洲  黄国龙  朱捌 《高校地质学报》2014,20(3):314

桃村坝花岗岩体位于粤北贵东复式花岗岩体中部。锆石U-Pb年龄为161.5±1.8 Ma (MSWD=1.7),属于燕山早期岩浆 活动产物。该岩体具有稍低的硅、富铝、富碱、钾大于钠、贫钙镁和高FeO*/MgO等特征。富集Rb,Th,U而亏损Ba, Sr,Ti和Nb;LREE富集(LREE/HREE=7.39~16.4, (La/Yb)N=8.79~25.5),Eu亏损较为明显(δEu=0.44~0.59);Ga/Al比值较高(平 均值为2.99),Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量(平均为518×10-6)大于350×10-6,可归属于A2型花岗岩;εNd(t)值低,为-9.7~-8.95,Nd模式 年龄为1.66~1.76 Ga;锆石的εHf(t)值为-20.0~-14.6,相应的Hf模式年龄为2.12~2.46 Ga。综合以上特征表明桃村坝花岗岩是 在地壳伸展-减薄的构造背景下、由古元古代地壳组分部分熔融的方式形成。  相似文献   

川西南美姑地区下三叠统飞仙关组地球化学特征及其对物源和构造环境的指示意义     

张衡  李仁涛  巴金  李小平  马继跃 《矿物岩石》2019,39(3):52-59

针对川西南美姑地区飞仙关组碎屑岩进行岩石学和地球化学方面的研究,以探究其物质来源以及构造背景。川西南美姑地区飞仙关组为一套碎屑岩,三角洲相沉积。碎屑岩主量元素中w(TFe2O3)为3.46%~11.23%,w(MgO)为2%~7.98%,w(TiO2)为1.51%~2.62%。微量元素中亲铁镁矿物元素w(Cr)为66×10^-6~426×10^-6,w(Co)为18.8×10^-6~30.6×10^-6,w(Sc)为16.9×10^-6~23.7×10^-6。REE分布模式和Al2O3/TiO2比值与峨眉山高钛玄武岩较为相似,指示着飞仙关组的物质来源于晚二叠世的峨眉山高钛玄武岩。样品的成分异变指数(ICV)值为0.95~3.49,普遍大于1,暗示着飞仙关组的物质来源大部分未经历过风化-沉积成岩的过程,为第一次循环碎屑。飞仙关组碎屑岩CIA值为60.49~72.44,反映了飞仙关组时期该地区经历了温暖、湿润环境下中等程度的化学风化作用。同时碎屑岩中的TFe2O3+MgO,TiO2,Al2O3/SiO2地球化学指标最接近大洋岛弧特征值,Th-Co-Zr/10,La-Th-Sc,Th-Sc-Zr/10图解亦指示着飞仙关组的源岩形成于大陆岛弧-大洋岛弧的构造环境中。结合飞仙关组的岩石学和地球化学特征,初步认为晚二叠世时期在大洋岛弧的构造背景下峨眉山玄武岩喷发溢流而出,而后隆升,为飞仙关组的沉积提供了充足的物质来源。同时,随着飞仙关组的不断沉积,亦逐渐有其他物源混入。  相似文献