中国岩矿分析测试研究进展与展望(2011-2020)     

刘勇胜  屈文俊  漆亮  袁洪林  黄方  杨岳衡  胡兆初  朱振利  张文 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2021,40(3):前插1-前插2,515-539

本文回顾并综述了2011-2020年间我国在岩石与矿物分析测试领域的主要研究进展,包括元素含量分析、放射性成因同位素和非传统稳定同位素分析、地质样品前处理技术、岩矿标准物质研制和定值、主流分析仪器及关键部件研发等.近十年来,我国学者在上述领域取得了大量原创性研究成果,开发出部分达到国际领先水平的岩矿分析新技术和新方法,...  相似文献   

The use of steroid markers to assess sewage contamination of the Black Sea     

Readman JW  Fillmann G  Tolosa I  Bartocci J  Mee LD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(3):310-318

Analyses of faecal steroids in coastal sediments taken from throughout the Black Sea indicate chronic sewage contamination at some locations. These include Sochi, where concentrations of coprostanol up to 5400 ng g(-1) (dry wt) were recorded, and in the coastal areas adjacent to the Danube delta (2600 ng g(-1) dry wt). Comparatively high values of 5beta/(5beta+5alpha) isomeric ratios of cholestan-3-ol and cholestan-3-one are reported at these locations and are characteristic of sediments contaminated with sewage. Lower concentrations of coprostanol are reported for Bosphorus sediments (12-440 ng g(-1) dry wt) and in the region of Odessa (130-290 ng g(-1) dry wt). Isomeric ratios at these locations also confirm sewage as a significant contributor to steroids in the Bosphorus, but lower values of the ratios indicate only minor sewage inputs in Odessa. In contrast, steroid concentrations and compositions from most Ukrainian sites are characteristic of uncontaminated environments. To place these results into perspective, the range in levels of coprostanol in the Black Sea sediments compares to the lower to mid-range of concentrations reported for coastal sediments on a world-wide basis, with Black Sea sedimentary levels substantially below those previously reported for heavily impacted sites.  相似文献   

A demographic approach to monitoring the health of coral reefs     

Smith LD  Devlin M  Haynes D  Gilmour JP 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(1-4):399-407

Inshore coral reefs adjacent to the wet tropics in North Queensland, Australia, are regularly exposed to flood plumes from coastal river systems. Changes in the nature of these plumes have been linked to the declining health of coral reefs in the region. The effect of flood plumes on the health of inshore corals was investigated by quantifying aspects of the demography of populations of corymbose and digitate Acropora at three groups of Island reefs along a gradient of exposure and decreasing water quality (High Island >Frankland's >Fitzroy). The size-structures of colonies, the rates of sexual recruitment, and the growth and survival of juveniles, all varied among the Island reefs. Juvenile and adult sized colonies were far more abundant at the Fitzroy Island reefs, than at the High or Frankland Island reefs that were more exposed to flood plumes. Additionally, there were up to eight times as many sexual recruits at the Fitzroy Island reefs, compared with the High Island reefs. However, the rates of growth and survival of the juvenile sized corals at the Fitzroy Island reefs were lower than at the more exposed reefs. The comparatively low abundance of adult corals at the exposed reefs is most likely due to their histories of disturbance from crown-of-thorns and coral bleaching, but the lack of subsequent recovery due to their low levels of larval recruitment. If a stock-recruitment relationship is typical for these groups of reefs, then the low rates of recruitment may be linked to the low density of adult colonies. Alternately, direct or indirect effects of chronic exposure to poor water quality may have resulted in less suitable substrata for larval settlement. We discuss these results and provide examples of how information about population structure and dynamics can be used in simple matrix models to quantify the current and future health of populations of corals under various scenarios.  相似文献   

Hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity in eel (Anguilla anguilla) from the Thames Estuary and comparisons with other United Kingdom Estuaries     

Doyotte A  Mitchelmore CL  Ronisz D  McEvoy J  Livingstone DR  Peters LD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2001,42(12):1313-1322

Hepatic microsomal 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activities (indicative of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs)) were measured in eel Anguilla anguilla from the Thames Estuary. Fish were collected from up to 13 sites during November 1997, May and August 1998 and October 1999. Throughout this period no clear seasonal variation could be identified at every site along the Thames. However, during the summer months, fish sampled from sites in the middle to the upper estuary (Woolwich, Greenhithe and West Thurrock) reported up to 3-fold higher EROD activities compared to sites either at the upper reaches (Richmond and Brentford) at the same time of the year, or fish sampled in winter, along the entire length of the estuary. A laboratory exposure experiment demonstrated a 3-fold elevation of EROD activity 2 days after injection with β-naphthoflavone (β-NF). However, higher levels of activity could be determined in fish sampled from the Weston canal near the Merseyside. The lowest levels of A. anguilla EROD activity were observed in fish sampled from the upper reaches of the River Tamar, Devon, and were comparable to activities determined in fish from the Wear and Humber estuaries. A. anguilla sampled along the Thames, Tyne and Tees estuaries reported between 2.5- and 7-fold higher EROD activities compared to fish collected from the Tamar. These results indicate that a low to moderate induction of A. anguilla CYP1A had occurred (indicative of low to moderate exposure to PAHs and planar PCBs) in fish collected from the Thames, Tyne, Wear, Tees, Humber and Tamar estuaries. However, the highest level of EROD activity was observed in fish from the Weston Canal (Merseyside).  相似文献   

云南金宝山铂族元素矿床初步研究   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

邓海琳  李朝阳  漆亮  胡静 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2000,19(4):333-336

云南弥渡县金宝山铂族元素矿床是我国迄今规模最大的铂族元素独立矿床,位于扬子地块西南缘康滇地轴西侧的宁蒗-弥渡铁质基性．超基性岩带中的金宝山基性-超基性复合岩体内。该岩体侵位于金宝山短轴背斜轴部的泥盆系金宝山组第三段互层的板岩、变质砂岩、结晶灰岩中,由基性岩和超基性岩组成。基性岩先侵入,由辉绿岩、辉绿辉长岩和辉长岩组成;  相似文献   

墨江金矿床硅质岩的稀土元素特征及其意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

谢桂青  胡瑞忠  方维萱  漆亮 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2000,19(4):293-295

前人侧重于对墨江金矿床含金石英脉的地质、地球化学和形成作用的研究,而对其含矿硅质岩研究较少。深入研究含矿硅质岩的成因和沉积环境,对认识墨江金矿的成矿规律有重要作用。本主要讨论墨江金矿床含矿硅质岩的稀土元素特征及其意义。  相似文献   

铼-锇同位素分析样品预处理研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄小文  漆亮  高剑峰 《岩矿测试》2011,30(1):90-103

文章评述并归纳了近年来地质样品中Re-Os同位素分析的化学前处理方法研究进展。总结了锍镍火试金法、碱熔法、Carius管溶样法以及HPA-S高温高压釜溶样法等常用的Re-Os同位素样品消解方法。归纳了离子交换、溶剂萃取富集Re以及蒸馏、萃取等分离富集Os的方法。由于地质样品的复杂性,Re、Os含量的不均一性及测试方法的多样性,要求在具体分析过程中不同的样品使用不同的消解方法和分离富集方法。当前国内应用较成熟的Re、Os分离方法是Carius管逆王水分解样品,原位蒸馏或CCl4萃取方法分离Os,阴离子交换法或丙酮萃取分离Re。  相似文献   

卡洛斯管溶样法对苦橄岩中铂族元素的溶解效果考察     

刘莹莹  漆亮  黄小文  王怡昌 《矿物学报》2011,(Z1)

卡洛斯管-逆王水溶样方法被普遍运用于基性、超基性岩的铂族元素分析。然而该方法对于这类硅酸岩,尤其是超基性岩的溶样效果一直未被系统探索。Puchtel等曾报道过一些科马提岩中的铂族元素在不同溶样条件下的测度结果,该结果漂移很严重,且并没有随溶样条件的优化而  相似文献   

云南东川汤丹铜矿硫化物的Re-Os年代学研究     

黄小文  漆亮  赵新福  刘莹莹  王怡昌 《矿物学报》2011,(Z1)

汤丹铜矿是东川矿区探明的大型铜矿床之一,已探明铜储量超过129万t。矿床位于东川矿区东南部,是典型的东川式铜矿床。铜矿体主要赋存于落雪组白云岩中,少量矿体赋存于黑山组碳质板岩中。矿石类型按产状主要分为2种:一种为产在白云岩中的层状铜矿石,矿石矿物以斑铜矿、黄铜矿、辉铜矿为主;另一种为与菱铁矿和石英共生的脉状富矿石,矿石矿物主要为斑铜  相似文献   

P₅₀₇负载泡塑分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定化探样品中银钨钼     

邢智  漆亮 《岩矿测试》2014,33(4):486-490

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定化探样品中的Ag时,由于受到Zr、Nb氧化物离子91Zr16O和93Nb16O的严重干扰,直接测定时低含量Ag的分析结果误差较大,需要将干扰元素分离才能得到较准确的结果。当前应用P507萃淋树脂分离样品溶液中Zr和Nb等干扰元素已经成功应用于化探样品中Ag的测定。本文将此方法进一步改进,用氢氟酸、硝酸、高氯酸和逆王水敞开溶样,通过P507负载泡塑进行振荡吸附,实现了化探样品中Ag和内标元素Rh与干扰元素Zr的有效分离,应用ICP-MS可同时测定Ag、W和Mo。标准样品的测定结果准确可靠,方法检出限为Ag 0.0045μg/g,W 0.023μg/g,Mo 0.060μg/g,均低于多目标地球化学调查(1∶250000)样品分析的检出限。P507负载泡塑分离流程操作简便,无交叉污染,一次振荡可处理100件样品,其分析效率显著优于P507萃淋树脂交换柱,更加适合大批量化探样品Ag与W、Mo及微量元素的同时测定。  相似文献