Relationship between sub-cloud secondary evaporation and stable isotope in precipitation in different regions of China     

Guo-feng Zhu  Jia-fang Li  Pei-ji Shi  Yuan-qing He  Ao Cai  Hua-li Tong  Yuan-feng Liu  Ling Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(10):876

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Sediment deposition and overland flow hydraulics in simulated vegetative filter strips under varying vegetation covers          下载免费PDF全文

Chun‐hong Zhao  Jian‐en Gao  Meng‐jie Zhang  Fei Wang  Tong Zhang 《水文研究》2016,30(2):163-175

Vegetative filter strips (VFSs) can effectively trap sediment in overland flow, but little information is available on its performance in controlling high‐concentration sediment and the runoff hydraulics in VFS. Flume experiments were conducted to investigate the sediment deposition, hydraulics of overland flow and their relationships in simulating VFS under a great range of sediment concentrations with four levels of vegetation cover (bare slope and 4%, 11% and 17%) and two flow rates (15 and 30 L min^?1). Sediment concentrations varied from 30 to 400 kg m^?3 and slope gradient was 9°. Both the deposited sediment load and deposition efficiency in VFS increased as the vegetation cover increased. Sediment concentration had a positive effect on the deposited load but no effect on deposition efficiency. A lower flow rate corresponded to greater deposition efficiency but had little effect on deposited load. Flow velocities decreased as vegetation cover increased. Sediment concentration had a negative effect on the mean velocity but no effect on surface velocity. Hydraulic resistance increased as the vegetation cover and sediment concentration increased. Sediment deposition efficiency had a much more pronounced relationship with overland flow hydraulics compared with deposited load, especially with the mean flow velocity, and there was a power relationship between them. Flow regime also affected the sediment deposition efficiency, and the efficiency was much higher under subcritical than supercritical flow. The results will be useful for the design of VFS and the control of sediment flowing into rivers in areas with serious soil erosion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Shiyang River streamflow since AD 1765, reconstructed by tree rings,contains far‐reaching hydro‐climatic signals over and beyond the mid‐latitude Asian continent          下载免费PDF全文

Feng Chen  Yu‐jiang Yuan  Rui‐bo Zhang  Hui‐qin Wang  Hua‐ming Shang  Tong‐wen Zhang  Li Qin  Zi‐ang Fan 《水文研究》2016,30(13):2211-2222

In this study, the regional tree‐ring chronology of Picea crassifolia was used to estimate annual (September to August) streamflow of the Shiyang River for the period from AD 1765 to 2010. The linear regression model was stable and could explain 41.5% of the variance for the calibration period of 1955–2005. According to the streamflow reconstruction, dry periods with below average streamflow occurred in AD 1775–1804, 1814–1823, 1831–1856, 1862–1867, 1877–1885, 1905–1910, 1926–1932, 1948–1951, 1960–1963 and 1989–2002. Periods of relatively wet years are identified for AD 1765–1774, 1805–1813, 1824–1830, 1857–1861, 1868–1876, 1886–1904, 1911–1925, 1933–1947, 1952–1959, 1964–1988 and 2003–2010. Comparisons with the precipitation reconstructions from surrounding areas supplied a high degree of confidence in our reconstruction. Our reconstructed streamflow is significantly correlated with sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean. The Multitaper spectral and correlation analyses also suggested that the reconstructed streamflow variation in the Shiyang River could be associated with large‐scale atmospheric‐oceanic variability, such as El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The linkages among the streamflow reconstruction, NAO and ENSO suggest the connection of regional streamflow variations to the Asian monsoon and westerlies circulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

京津渤地区的水资源及开发利用中的环境问題     

童鼎钊  吴凯  姚承伟  梁季阳  任鸿遵  魏忠义  谢明 《地理研究》1985,4(4):31-38

作者初步估算了京津渤地区的水资源,全区水资源总量多年平均为129.67亿立方米,可供水资源为87.13亿立方米.进而讨论水资源开发利用中的几个环境问题:供需矛盾突出、旱涝频繁、地面沉降和水源污染.并就如何合理利用水资源和保护水资源问题提出了建议.  相似文献   

The dynamo theory of plasma turbulence wave in rotating celestial bodies     

Tong Yi  Lu Shengzhi  Mao Xinjie  Han Jiling 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1985,113(2):303-316

The various modes of plasma turbulence waves (including MHD waves) are easily excited under cosmic circumstances. In this paper, if we consider that the celestial bodies rotate, there is a source term generated for the magnetic induced equation by the excited plasma turbulence waves. If we expand the turbulent field in the Fourier series and include rotation velocity, the dynamo equation for turbulent waves is obtained. We have also obtained the solutions of various wave forms corresponding to different rotation velocities and then we significantly discuss the magnetic fields in the Sun, planets, and other celestial bodies.  相似文献   

Low-angle radar tracking in a naval environment using aforward-backward nonlinear prediction method     

Lo  T. Leung  H. Litva  J. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1994,19(3):468-475

A low-angle tracking technique based on a novel high-resolution algorithm is presented. The new high-resolution algorithm, which is called the forward-backward nonlinear prediction (FBNLP) method, replaces the linear predictor in the conventional forward-backward linear prediction (FBLP) method with a nonlinear one to try to improve the tracking in a realistic naval environment, Real radar tracking data over the sea, which were recorded with a 32-element sampled aperture antenna on an “over-water” path, were used in this study. They were recorded in a multipath environment, i.e., one where, in addition to the customary direct signal, an indirect signal was also received by the antenna system, and separation of these two signals was less than one standard beamwidth. The performance of the FBNLP method is shown to be better than that of the modified FBLP algorithm for the data sets used in this paper  相似文献   

Thermal periodicities in the Venus atmosphere     

Jerome Apt  Johnny Leung 《Icarus》1982,49(3):427-437

A search was made for periodic fluctuations in the thermal brightness temperatures recorded by the Pioneer Venus orbiter's infrared radiometer. Data were averaged in 10 × 10° latitude-longitude bins for each of the 72 days the instrument was in operation. This time series of thermal brightness temperatures was then analyzed to determine the amplitude of fluctuations at periods from 2 to 64 days at four levels in the atmosphere (at the cloud tops and at approximately 70, 80, and 90 km). The amplitude of such fluctuations is small at equatorial latitudes and increases to a maximum at 60–70° latitude at most altitudes. The period of the highest amplitude fluctuation is 5.3±0.4 days (at all altitudes) except at 70–80°, where a 2.9-day period which appears to correspond to the polar dipole dominates the cloud-top channel. The amplitude of the periodic fluctuations is a maximum at the cloud tops, decreasing to a minimum at the 80-km channel, and increasing again at the 90-km channel.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution and luminosity function of OH/IR maser sources     

Tong Yi  Sun Jin  Xie Shu-ding  Yang Xin-xing 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》1984,8(4):343-347

In this paper, we study the galactic distribution and luminosity function of OH/IR maser sources. All the selected OH/IR sources have optical or infrared identification. Most of them are associated with late-type (>M5) Mira variables. Their derived density distribution shows a steep peak at a galactocentric distance of r₀-7.5 kpc and decreases rapidly at smaller and larger R₀. The FWHM of the distribution curve is 2.1 kpc. This is similar to the galactic distribution of Mira variables investigated by Glass et al.

We also derive the luminosity function of the identified OH/IR maser sources from their distances, their detection probabilities, and their corrected OH radio peak flux densities. The luminosity function ρ(L) varies as L_OH^−1.79. This is similar to that of unidentified maser sources. The range of luminosity of identified OH/IR sources is approximately from 0.16 Jy · kpc² to 1000 Jy · kpc². It is quite different from that of unidentified OH sources.

Finally, we discuss some differences and relations between identified and unidentified OH/IR maser sources.  相似文献   

Low amplitude new type variable stars in globular clusters     

Bao-An Yao  Chung-Sheng Zhang  Dao Qin  Jian-Hua Tong 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1993,210(1-2):163-165

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泌阳断陷东南缘深断裂特征及其与油藏分布关系研究     

徐志康  童开宇 《地球科学与环境学报》1994,(1)

泌阳断陷断块圈闭、滚动背斜及其与砾岩体复合圈闭油藏的形成，与断陷东南缘由多条断层组成的具下道上正呈断阶状的深断裂带的演化有关。本文首先研究了泌阳断陷区域构造背景，对典型地震测线的原始采集资料进行了处理和解释。在此基础上，对断陷东南缘深断裂特征及其与油藏分布关系进行了研究。  相似文献