Arc Hydro Tools及多源DEM提取河网与精度分析——以洮儿河流域为例     

曾红伟  李丽娟  柳玉梅  李斌  张永萱 《地球信息科学学报》2011,13(1):22-31

本文简要分析了HYDRO1K、SRTM3-2、ASTER GDEM 3种数据源基本特征,对数据的水平空间分辨率、现势性、覆盖范围、误差来源进行了比较;阐述了Arc Hydro Tools提取数字河网、划分流域及子流域方法的关键步骤;并以洮儿河流域为研究对象,分析了有(无)河网辅助条件下,3种初始DEM在不同地貌类型中数...  相似文献   

Evaluation and estimation of daily global solar radiation from the estimated direct and diffuse solar radiation     

Mingzhong Xiao  Zhongbo Yu  Yuanzheng Cui 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2020,139(3):983-993

Active layer plays a key role in regulating the dynamics of hydrothermal processes and ecosystems that are sensitive to the changing climate in permafrost regions. However, little is known about the hydrothermal dynamics during freeze-thaw processes in permafrost regions with different vegetation types on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). In the present study, the freezing and thawing processes at four sites (QT01, 03, 04, and 05) with different vegetation types on the QTP was analyzed. The results indicated that the impact on the soil water and heat during the summer thawing process was markedly greater than that during the autumn freezing process. Furthermore, the thermal-orbit regression slopes for all sites exhibited a homologous variation as the depth increased, with the slowest attenuation for the meadow sites (QT01 and QT03) and a slightly faster attenuation for the desert steppe site (QT05). The air and ground surface temperatures were similar in winter, but the ground surface temperature was significantly higher than the air temperature in summer in the radiation-rich environment at all sites on the QTP. The results also indicated that the n-factors were between 0.36 and 0.55 during the thawing season, and the annual mean temperature near the permafrost table was between − 1.26 and − 1.84 °C. In the alpine desert steppe region, the thermal conditions exhibited to show a warming trend, with a current permafrost table temperature of − 0.22 °C. The annual changing amplitude of the ground temperature at the permafrost table was different for different vegetation types.  相似文献   

Simulation and Improvements of Oceanic Circulation and Sea Ice by the Coupled Climate System Model FGOALS-f3-L     

Yuyang GUO  Yongqiang YU  Pengfei LIN  Hailong LIU  Bian HE  Qing BAO  Bo AN  Shuwen ZHAO  Lijuan HUA 《大气科学进展》2020,37(10):1133-1148

This study documents simulated oceanic circulations and sea ice by the coupled climate system model FGOALS-f3-L developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, under historical forcing from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). FGOALS-f3-L reproduces the fundamental features of global oceanic circulations, such as sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), mixed layer depth (MLD), vertical temperature and salinity, and meridional overturning circulations. There are notable improvements compared with the previous version, FGOALS-s2, such as a reduction in warm SST biases near the western and eastern boundaries of oceans and salty SSS biases in the tropical western Atlantic and eastern boundaries, and a mitigation of deep MLD biases at high latitudes. However, several obvious biases remain. The most significant biases include cold SST biases in the northwestern Pacific (over 4°C), freshwater SSS biases and deep MLD biases in the subtropics, and temperature and salinity biases in deep ocean at high latitudes. The simulated sea ice shows a reasonable distribution but stronger seasonal cycle than observed. The spatial patterns of sea ice are more realistic in FGOALS-f3-L than its previous version because the latitude–longitude grid is replaced with a tripolar grid in the ocean and sea ice model. The most significant biases are the overestimated sea ice and underestimated SSS in the Labrador Sea and Barents Sea, which are related to the shallower MLD and weaker vertical mixing.  相似文献   

东北夏季降水预测技巧偏低的原因探讨     

赵俊虎  熊开国  陈丽娟 《大气科学》2020,44(5):913-934

1978～2018年全国夏季降水实时业务预测技巧显示东北地区明显偏低,尤其是近几年在对全国夏季旱涝的总体分布预测效果明显提高的情况下,对东北地区的预测却与实况相反,因此有必要分析该区域预测技巧偏低的原因。利用站点资料、再分析格点数据、实时预测历史数据及统计诊断等方法,探讨了动力气候模式预测能力以及东北夏季降水预测的认识缺陷。通过系统地回顾东北夏季旱涝的气候特征、影响因子及预测方法等方面的研究进展,以及东北夏季降水实时预测检验,得出预测技巧偏低的可能原因:（1）东北初夏降水主要受东北冷涡活动的影响,盛夏主要受西太平洋副热带高压、东北南风和中高纬环流型的共同作用,而业务常用的国内外主要动力气候模式无法准确反映与东北初夏和盛夏降水相联系的关键环流系统;（2）东北夏季降水与全球海温的关系较弱且不稳定,尤其是与ENSO的关系较为复杂,年际关系随年代际变化而波动,即ENSO不是预测东北夏季降水的强信号;（3）东北夏季降水具有明显的季节内、年际和年代际等多时间尺度变率,夏季降水受到多种时间尺度信息的叠加和调控,不同尺度变率的贡献相当,且影响系统不同,导致预测难度较大。最后,进一步探讨了东北夏季降水预测存在的科学问题及可能的解决途径,以期为夏季业务预测提供参考。  相似文献   

The flexible global ocean-atmosphere-land system model, Grid-point Version 2: FGOALS-g2   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李立娟  林鹏飞  俞永强  王斌  周天军  刘利  刘骥平  包庆  徐世明  黄文誉  夏坤  普业  董理  申思  刘屹岷  胡宁  刘咪咪  孙文奇  史湘军  郑伟鹏  吴波  宋米荣  刘海龙  张学洪  吴国雄  薛巍  黄小猛  杨广文  宋振亚  乔方利 《大气科学进展》2013,30(3):543-560

This study mainly introduces the development of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model: Grid-point Version 2 (FGOALS-g2) and the preliminary evaluations of its performances based on results from the pre-industrial control run and four members of historical runs according to the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) experiment design. The results suggest that many obvious improvements have been achieved by the FGOALS-g2 compared with the previous version,FGOALS-g1, including its climatological mean states, climate variability, and 20th century surface temperature evolution. For example,FGOALS-g2 better simulates the frequency of tropical land precipitation, East Asian Monsoon precipitation and its seasonal cycle, MJO and ENSO, which are closely related to the updated cumulus parameterization scheme, as well as the alleviation of uncertainties in some key parameters in shallow and deep convection schemes, cloud fraction, cloud macro/microphysical processes and the boundary layer scheme in its atmospheric model. The annual cycle of sea surface temperature along the equator in the Pacific is significantly improved in the new version. The sea ice salinity simulation is one of the unique characteristics of FGOALS-g2, although it is somehow inconsistent with empirical observations in the Antarctic.  相似文献   

Stable isotopes in surface snow along a traverse route from Zhongshan station to Dome A, East Antarctica     

C. Xiao  M. Ding  V. Masson-Delmotte  R. Zhang  B. Jin  J. Ren  C. Li  M. Werner  Y. Wang  X. Cui  X. Wang 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(9-10):2427-2438

Samples of surface snow were collected for stable isotope analysis along the traverse route from Zhongshan to Dome A (East Antarctica) from Dec 28th, 2007 to Feb. 8th, 2008. The local relationship between δD and surface temperature is established to be 6.4 ± 0.2 ‰ per °C, very similar to the average for East Antarctic. The deuterium excess shows a pattern of high values over Antarctica, particularly at Dome A. We compare our data with an atmospheric general circulation model which includes stable water isotopes (ECHAM5-wiso). The model simulation captures the right levels of δD, but overestimates δ¹⁸O. This study provides support for the ongoing deep ice core project at Dome A.  相似文献   

澜沧江及周边流域TRMM3B43数据精度检验   总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18  

曾红伟  李丽娟 《地理学报》2011,66(7):994-1004

在地形复杂的澜沧江及周边流域,利用相关系数法、散点斜率法,以研究区内35个国家基准与基本站观测数据为“真值”对1998-2009年之间月尺度的TRMM 3B43降水数据精度进行检验,采用泰森多边形法、K-Means聚类法分析了高程与坡度对检验结果的影响,借助主成分法比较了高程与坡度对TRMM 3B43的影响程度.研究表...  相似文献   

北京城市边缘区典型乡镇发展有序协调度研究     

李世峰  于瑞  来璐  崔莎  董锁成 《地域研究与开发》2011,30(6):70-73

大城市边缘区是人口、用地、经济、社会和生态等发展最无序的区域。基于城市边缘区有序协调发展的机理,综合运用影响程度法、层次分析法和专家评判法等方法,从时间、空间、数量和功能4个维度上评价并分析北京城市边缘区3个典型乡镇(旧宫镇、长陵镇和永清镇)发展的有序协调程度。研究结果表明,旧宫镇的有序协调程度最高,其次是长陵镇,永清镇最低。  相似文献   

大样本降水空间插值研究--以2009年中国年降水为例   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

曾红伟  李丽娟  张永萱  柳玉梅 《地理科学进展》2011,30(7):811-818

以2009年全国2203个气象台站累积降水数据为例,采取逐步抽稀方法,定量分析大样本的数据样本量、样本空间分布、以及不同空间插值方法对插值结果的影响。研究表明：①在随机抽样中,总体而言,平均绝对误差（MAE）、均方根误差（RMSE）随着插值样本量的减小而增加、相关系数递减,特别当抽样比〈20%时,MAE、RMSE显著增加,R2显著减少;②以Thiessen多边形剖分的方式检验随机抽样、等间隔抽样、分区单站点控制面积约束抽样分布的均匀性,经交叉验证后知,样本空间分布对降水空间插值的结果影响比较复杂,并非越均匀越好;③对随机组中抽样比4%的数据和等间隔组,采用Kriging方法插值,插值结果优于IDW方法。以等间隔分布的（50%,50%）（、20%,80%）数据为例,采用IDW、Kriging方法,得到2009年全国降水空间分布图,降水空间分布规律与中国2009年实际降水量分布吻合。  相似文献   

Morphology and molecular identification of Ulva forming green tides in Qingdao, China     

Fanna Kong  Yunxiang Mao  Fujun Cui  Xingkui Zhang  Zhen Gao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2011,10(1):73-79

Green tides are caused by the proliferation of chlorophytes under suitable hydrographic conditions.These blooms lead to environmental degradation and negatively impact the waters and seagrass beds,as well as fishing and other recreational activities in the bay.A comprehensive ecological understanding of the bloom dynamics,including the origin and persistence,is needed to foster management decisions.The algae in the great majority of green tide blooms usually belong to two genera of Ulvophyceae,Ulva and Enteromorpha.Ulva has been observed more often in recent years.In China,green tides occurred for the first time in the middle area of the Yellow Sea in 2007,and a large-scale algae blooming broke out in the middle and southern areas of the Yellow Sea in late May 2008.We identified them as Ulva prolifera by comparative analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1),5.8S and ITS2 sequences in combination with microscopic observation.Morphological differences were found between the free-floating algae and the attached thalli.Various reproduction patterns of the free-floating algae include sexual,asexual and vegetative propagations,which played important roles in the long-term green tide persistence in China.The ITS sequences of the blooming algae were identical to those of the samples from the Lianyungang sea area but were different from the attached samples from the Qingdao sea area.The results infer that the blooms are originated from other sea areas rather than from the local attached populations.  相似文献