Archaeological site distribution by geomorphic setting in the southern lower Cuyahoga River Valley,northeastern Ohio: Initial observations from a GIS database     

Andrew Bauer  Kathleen Nicoll  Lisa Park  Timothy Matney 《Geoarchaeology》2004,19(8):711-729

In this study, we compiled unpublished archival documentation of archaeological site locations from the southern part of the Cuyahoga River Valley in northeastern Ohio, USA, registered at the State of Ohio Historic Preservation Office into a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) database. Using digitized soil shapefiles to generate a geomorphic data layer, we assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of 79 known archaeological sites by landform association. This digital compilation indicates that Woodland period, Late Prehistoric, and Historic sites occur in most geomorphic settings along the river valley. In contrast, Paleoindian and Archaic sites only occur on Wisconsinan cut terraces and in upland interfluve settings, indicating that most of these documented sites are in primary contexts and have not been reworked. We discuss the distribution of archaeological sites in the study region as a function of various factors, including cultural activities, taphonomic processes, landform development, and the nature and extent of the original archaeological surveys. Observed spatial patterns of known sites clearly reflect local geomorphological controls; artifactual contexts from the earlier prehistoric periods are underrepresented in the database. We conclude that additional site surveys, as well as the excavation and documentation of new sites in this part of Ohio, are required to understand local prehistoric economies and to ascertain patterns of culturally mediated land use. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

Thermo‐mechanical interaction of a large impact melt sheet with adjacent target rock,Sudbury impact structure,Canada     

Paul L. Gllner  Torben Wüstemann  Lisa Bendschneider  Sebastian Reimers  Martin D. Clark  Lisa Gibson  Peter C. Lightfoot  Ulrich Riller 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2019,54(6):1228-1245

The 1.85 Ga Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) and its thermal aureole are unique on Earth with regard to unraveling the effects of a large impact melt sheet on adjacent target rocks. Notably, the formation of Footwall Breccia, lining the basal SIC, remains controversial and has been attributed to impact, cratering, and postcratering processes. Based on detailed field mapping and microstructural analysis of thermal aureole rocks, we identified three distinct zones characterized by static recrystallization, incipient melting, and crystallization textures. The temperature gradient in the thermal aureole increases toward the SIC and culminates in a zone of partial melting, which correlates spatially with the Footwall Breccia. We therefore conclude that assimilation of target rock into initially superheated impact melt and simultaneous deformation after cratering strongly contributed to breccia formation. Estimated melt fractions of the Footwall Breccia amount to 80 vol% and attest to an extreme loss in mechanical strength and, thus, high mobility of the Breccia during assimilation. Transport of highly mobile Footwall Breccia material into the overlying Sublayer Norite of the SIC and vice versa can be attributed to Raleigh–Taylor instability of both units, long‐term crater modification caused by viscous relaxation of crust underlying the Sudbury impact structure, or both.  相似文献   

Green infrastructure,green space,and sustainable urbanism: geography’s important role     

Lisa Benton-Short  Melissa Keeley  Jennifer Rowland 《Urban geography》2019,40(3):330-351

ABSTRACT

This paper is a broad review of green infrastructure theory and practice relative to urban sustainability and the space for geographers in these discussions. We use examples from various urban sustainability plans to highlight ways in which green infrastructure is being conceptualized and implemented. We explore how geography contributes research on green infrastructure as well as the emerging practices as seen within sustainability plans. We identify four areas in which geographers can influence both green infrastructure theory and practice: 1) scale; 2) mapping distribution; 3) sensitivity to place and locale; and 4) equity and access. We conclude that in these areas geographers have tremendous opportunity contribute more deliberately to sustainable urbanism.  相似文献   

Co-management of sea turtle fisheries: Biogeography versus geopolitics     

Lisa M. Campbell  Jennifer J. Silver  Noella J. Gray  Sue Ranger  Annette Broderick  Tatum Fisher  Matthew H. Godfrey  Shannon Gore  John Jeffers  Corrine Martin  Andrew McGowan  Peter Richardson  Carlos Sasso  Lorna Slade  Brendan Godley 《Marine Policy》2009

Co-management between local communities and government agencies is promoted as a strategy to improve fisheries management. This paper considers the potential for co-management of sea turtle fisheries within four UK Overseas Territories (OTs) in the Caribbean, and for co-ordinated management among those territories. We focus on fisher incentives for engaging in co-management and on the potential to scale up co-management to a regional level. This paper presents data from Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands, where 110 turtle fishers participated in a socio-economic survey undertaken as part of the ‘Turtles in the UK Overseas Territories in the Caribbean’ project. Based on three established criteria for co-management (perceived crisis in stock, willingness to participate and community cohesion), results suggest that fisher support for co-management exists within each OT, but the extent of support for and views of specific management interventions varies among OTs. The implications of results for co-management in each territory, and for establishing co-ordinated management regimes in the region, are discussed in the context of current debates about the nature of resources and scalar (mis)matches between resource and management regimes.  相似文献   

Evaluating the impact of visualization of risk upon emergency route-planning     

Lisa Cheong  Christoph Kinkeldey  Ingrid Burfurd  Susanne Bleisch 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(5):1022-1050

ABSTRACT

This paper reports on a controlled experiment evaluating how different cartographic representations of risk affect participants’ performance on a complex spatial decision task: route planning. The specific experimental scenario used is oriented towards emergency route-planning during flood response. The experiment compared six common abstract and metaphorical graphical symbolizations of risk. The results indicate a pattern of less-preferred graphical symbolizations associated with slower responses and lower-risk route choices. One mechanism that might explain these observed relationships would be that more complex and effortful maps promote closer attention paid by participants and lower levels of risk taking. Such user considerations have important implications for the design of maps and mapping interfaces for emergency planning and response. The data also highlights the importance of the ‘right decision, wrong outcome problem’ inherent in decision-making under uncertainty: in individual instances, more risky decisions do not always lead to worse outcomes.  相似文献   

From green spaces to vital places: connection and expression in urban greening     

Lisa de Kleyn  Laura Mumaw  Helen Corney 《The Australian geographer》2020,51(2):205-219

ABSTRACT

Urban greening, the improvement or increase of green spaces in cities, has purported environmental, individual, social and cultural benefits. The extent and qualities of urban green spaces, and our opportunities to engage with them, reflect and shape human responses to those spaces. Planning scholars recognise the traditional role and obligation of planning to help reduce social problems and see the potential for the public to be leaders in defining responses. However, use of technical, scientific and economic approaches by urban land managers can limit recognition of diverse connections to urban green and advance narrow conceptions of nature. We sample people’s responses to different forms of urban green and greening in three case studies from Melbourne, Australia. We show that modern connections and expressions are personal, social and dynamic. Human experiences are embedded in nature and connections develop from interactions with and about nature, in formal and informal spaces. Diverse connections prompt responses to nature, and actions affecting nature itself. Accordingly, we propose ways to develop more receptive, responsive, inclusive and connected forms of urban greening. These include recognising diverse connections and expressions, encouraging dynamic relationships with nature, and providing varied ways of engaging with urban green spaces that foster stewardship.  相似文献   

LZIFU: an emission-line fitting toolkit for integral field spectroscopy data     

I-Ting Ho  Anne M. Medling  Brent Groves  Jeffrey A. Rich  David S. N. Rupke  Elise Hampton  Lisa J. Kewley  Joss Bland-Hawthorn  Scott M. Croom  Samuel Richards  Adam L. Schaefer  Rob Sharp  Sarah M. Sweet 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2016,361(9):280

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Facilitating open exchange of data and information     

James Gallagher  John Orcutt  Pauline Simpson  Dawn Wright  Jay Pearlman  Lisa Raymond 《Earth Science Informatics》2015,8(4):721-739

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Environmental change in subtropical South America for the last two millennia as shown by lacustrine pigments     

Lisa Coianiz  Daniel Ariztegui  Eduardo L. Piovano  Andrea Lami  Piero Guilizzoni  Stefano Gerli  Nicolas Waldmann 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2015,53(2):233-250

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Managing Bay and Estuarine Ecosystems for Multiple Services     

Lisa A. Needles  Sarah E. Lester  Richard Ambrose  Anders Andren  Marc Beyeler  Michael S. Connor  James E. Eckman  Barry A. Costa-Pierce  Steven D. Gaines  Kevin D. Lafferty  Hunter S. Lenihan  Julia Parrish  Mark S. Peterson  Amy E. Scaroni  Judith S. Weis  Dean E. Wendt 《Estuaries and Coasts》2015,38(1):35-48

Managers are moving from a model of managing individual sectors, human activities, or ecosystem services to an ecosystem-based management (EBM) approach which attempts to balance the range of services provided by ecosystems. Applying EBM is often difficult due to inherent tradeoffs in managing for different services. This challenge particularly holds for estuarine systems, which have been heavily altered in most regions and are often subject to intense management interventions. Estuarine managers can often choose among a range of management tactics to enhance a particular service; although some management actions will result in strong tradeoffs, others may enhance multiple services simultaneously. Management of estuarine ecosystems could be improved by distinguishing between optimal management actions for enhancing multiple services and those that have severe tradeoffs. This requires a framework that evaluates tradeoff scenarios and identifies management actions likely to benefit multiple services. We created a management action-services matrix as a first step towards assessing tradeoffs and providing managers with a decision support tool. We found that management actions that restored or enhanced natural vegetation (e.g., salt marsh and mangroves) and some shellfish (particularly oysters and oyster reef habitat) benefited multiple services. In contrast, management actions such as desalination, salt pond creation, sand mining, and large container shipping had large net negative effects on several of the other services considered in the matrix. Our framework provides resource managers a simple way to inform EBM decisions and can also be used as a first step in more sophisticated approaches that model service delivery.  相似文献