Export Expansion and Regional Diversification: Learning from the Changing Geography of China’s Exports     

Xiyan Mao  Canfei He 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):692-702

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Settlement distribution and its relationship with environmental changes from the Neolithic to Shang-Zhou dynasties in northern Shandong, China   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

郭媛媛  莫多闻  毛龙江  王守功  李水城 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(4):679-694

In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution of the settlement sites of six periods from the Neolithic Age to the Shang and Zhou dynasties in northern Shandong was investigated using the ArcGIS program, and the relationship between settlement distribution and environmental changes was discussed, based on the proxy records of climatic and environmental change contained in the sediments from three sections at the Shuangwangcheng site and the previous work. The results show that the climate was warm and humid and the sea level was relatively high during the period of 8000-5000 a BP in the study area, and the ancient people lived in the relatively flat （slope of 〈2°） areas at high elevation （20-300 m above sea level）, such as diluvial tableland and alluvial plain. On the other hand, few archaeological sites in the low-lying plain in the west of the study area indicate that few people lived there during that period. This might be attributed to frequent flooding in the area. After 5000 years ago, the scope of human activity extended to the area close to the sea because the relatively colder and drier climate results in sea-level fall, meanwhile the low-lying plain in the west was occupied by the ancient people. The study area of this period was characterized by the rapid development of prehistoric culture, the intensified social stratification and the emergence of early city-states. However, around 4000 a BP, the abrupt change in climate and the increase in frequency and intensity of floods severely disrupted human activities, and eventually led to the decline of the Yueshi culture. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the climatic conditions gradually stabilized in a mild-dry state, which promoted the redevelopment and flourish of the Bronze Culture. The previous situation, which was characteristic of sparse human settlements due to freshwater shortage and unfitted conditions for sedentary agriculture, changed during the Shang and Zhou dynasties in northern coastal wetlands.Local residents effectively adapted themselves to the tough environmental conditions by producing sea-salt, which led to the rapid growth of human activities.  相似文献   

Different discretization method used in coupled water and heat transport mode for soil under freezing conditions     

WeiNan Mao  JianKun Liu 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(4):0413-0417

A coupled water and heat transport mode is established based on the Richards equation to study water flow and heat transport in soil during freezing process. Both the finite difference and finite element method are used in the discretization, respectively. Two different computer programs are written and used to simulate an indoor unidirectional frozen test. The freezing depth, freezing rate and temperature variation are compared among lab tests, finite difference calculation simulation and finite element calculation simulation. Result shows that: the finite difference method has a better performance in freezing depth simulation while the finite element method has a better performance in numerical stability in one-dimensional freezing simulation.  相似文献   

On the relation of mid-infrared emission with the gamma-ray properties of Fermi-detected BL Lac objects     

Li-Sheng Mao 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2012,340(2):331-349

We present the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) photometric data of 158 Fermi-detected BL Lacs and investigate the nature of their mid-infrared (MIR) continuum emission. In the [3.4]-[4.6]-[12] μm color–color diagram, nearly all their colors lie within the WISE Blazar strip (WBS), which is an effective diagnostic tool to separate sources dominated by non-thermal radiation from those dominated by thermal radiation. This feature indicates that their MIR emission is predominantly non-thermal. This argument is further supported by the strong radio-MIR flux correlation. We derive their MIR spectral indices and compare them with the near-infrared (NIR) spectral indices. We find that there is a prevalent steepening from MIR spectrum to NIR spectrum. The low-frequency-peaked BL Lacs (LBLs) have on average a larger MIR spectral index and a higher MIR luminosity than the high-frequency-peaked BL Lacs (HBLs), and the intermediate-frequency-peaked BL Lacs (IBLs) appear to bridge them. The MIR-γ-ray flux correlation is highly significant. A strong positive correlation is also found between the MIR and γ-ray spectral indices. The γ-ray-MIR loudness is significantly correlated with the synchrotron peak frequency. Finally we propose that the γ-rays are highly associated with the MIR emission from the jet, and the γ-ray emission is likely from the synchrotron self-Compton process for the Fermi-detected BL Lacs in our sample.  相似文献   

Geomorphic and stream flow influences on large wood dynamics and displacement lengths in high gradient mountain streams (Chile)          下载免费PDF全文

Andrés Iroumé  Virginia Ruiz‐Villanueva  Luca Mao  Guillermo Barrientos  Markus Stoffel  Gastón Vergara 《水文研究》2018,32(17):2636-2653

Understanding large wood (LW; ≥1 m long and ≥10 cm in diameter) dynamics in rivers is critical for many disciplines including those assessing flood hazard and risk. However, our understanding of wood entrainment and deposition is still limited, mainly because of the lack of long‐term monitoring of wood‐related processes. The dataset presented here was obtained from more than 8 years of monitoring of 1,264 tagged wood pieces placed in 4 low‐order streams of the Chilean mountain ranges and was used to further our understanding of key factors controlling LW dynamics. We show that LW displacement lengths were longer during periods when peak‐flow water depths (H_max) exceeded the bankfull stage (H_Bk) than in periods with H_max ≤ H_Bk and that these differences were significantly higher for smaller wood pieces. LW length and length relative to channel dimensions were the main factors governing LW entrainment; LW displacement lengths were inversely related to the ratio of piece length to H_15% (i.e., the level above which the flow remains for 15% of the time) and to the ratio of H_15% to bankfull width. Unrooted logs and LW pieces located at the bankfull stage travelled significantly longer distances than logs with attached rootwads and those located in other positions within the bankfull channel. A few large logjams were broken during the period of observation, and in all occasions, LW from these broken logjams did not travel over longer distances than other pieces of LW moved in the same periods and in the same stream segments. Most importantly, our work reveals that LW dynamics tend to be concentrated within a few reaches in each stream and that reaches exhibiting high wood dynamics (extensive entrainment, deposition, or repositioning of LW) are significantly wider and less steep than less dynamic reaches.  相似文献   

Flux density measurements for 32 pulsars in the 20 cm observing band     

Yan-Wei Xie  Jing-Bo Wang  George Hobbs  Jane Kaczmarek  Di Li  Jie Zhang  Shi Dai  Andrew Cameron  Lei Zhang  Chen-Chen Miao  Mao Yuan  Shen Wang  Song-Bo Zhang  Heng Xu  Ren-Xin Xu 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2019,(7)

Flux densities are fundamental observational parameters that describe a pulsar. In the current pulsar catalogue, 27% of the listed radio pulsars have no flux density measurement in the 20 cm observing band. Here, we present the first such measurements for 32 pulsars observed employing the Parkes radio telescope. We have used both archival and new observations to make these measurements. Various schemes exist for measuring flux densities and we show how the measured flux densities vary between these methods and how the presence of radio-frequency interference will bias the flux density measurements.  相似文献   

Water sensor network applications: Time to move beyond the technical?          下载免费PDF全文

Feng Mao  Julian Clark  Wouter Buytaert  Stefan Krause  David M. Hannah 《水文研究》2018,32(16):2612-2615

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南雄盆地始新统红层沉积环境分析     

谢振龙  刘秀铭  毛学刚  乐志军  彭超 《热带地理》2019,39(2):218-228

选取南雄盆地始新统红层——古城村剖面作为研究对象，结合磁性矿物和地球化学元素特征分析其沉积环境。古城村剖面上部和下部为红色，中部为青灰色，颜色及其深浅均随沉积层理/层次逐渐变化，说明颜色和沉积地层层理/层次为同期形成，为地层的原生色。磁学测量的饱和等温剩磁（SIRM）和剩磁矫顽力（Bcr）结果与红度（a*）呈现良好的正对应关系，热磁曲线结果表明红层样品以赤铁矿为主，漫反射光谱（DRS）佐证了原生赤铁矿的存在且是唯一可以检测到的磁性矿物。赤铁矿指示了当时的沉积环境为高温少雨。剖面中部存在青灰色地层，该层样品的热磁测量没有检测到磁性矿物信号，只检测到顺磁性矿物信号。高温处理后的DRS测量也表明其存在顺磁性的黏土矿物。通过地球化学元素分析显示其与标准石灰岩相比差异较大，而与中国典型黄土较为相似，可能说明青灰层并非石灰岩。剖面的上下层均为以原生赤铁矿为主的红层，代表高温强氧化环境。青灰层与上下红层之间为过渡渐变，地层较为连续且无不整合现象，化学元素分析也显示该层与上下红层、上地壳和黄土都具有较高的相似性，所以该层更可能是风积物在气候转为湿润条件下经成土作用形成的钙质淀积层。古城剖面反映了始新世时期干热氧化—湿润氧化还原—干热氧化的逐渐变化过程，对于准确理解南雄盆地此阶段古环境有重要意义。  相似文献   

~5.9 cal ka bp Towada-Chuseri tephra from Towada volcano: a mid-Holocene marker layer from Japan to northeast China     

Chunqing Sun  Gill Plunkett  Zeyang Zhu  Lei Zhang  Bin Zhang  Di Zhang  Qian Mao  Haitao You  Luo Wang  Guoqiang Chu  Jiaqi Liu 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(7):1143-1148

Far-travelled ash layers from explosive volcanic eruptions can provide invaluable marker horizons for dating and correlating regional to global sedimentary archives. Here, we present a new cryptotephra associated with the ~5.9 cal ka bp Towada-Chuseri eruption (To-Cu) in a peat sediment record from northeast China. This tephra exhibits a rhyolitic glass composition that can be distinguished from other widespread tephra layers around the region of Japan and northeast China. Our findings extend the known range of this ash significantly, making it now traceable about 1200 km from its source, Towada volcano, Japan. Notably, this tephra provides an important isochron for synchronising palaeoenvironmental studies during the mid-Holocene period from the western Pacific, central Japan, Japan Sea and northeast China.  相似文献   

Two new species of medusae (Cnidaria) from the coastal waters of the northern Beibu Gulf     

Xiaoyin Chen  Yanyan Yang  Yanguo Wang  Zhenzu Xu  Mao Lin  Chunguang Wang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(12):82-89

Medusae in 116 samples collected from the coastal waters of the northern Beibu Gulf during four seasonal oceanographic cruises from October 2017 to August 2018 were analyzed. In total, 34 species were identified. Two of the species are new to science, Proboscidactyla pentacanalis Xu, Chen & Yang sp. nov. and Helgicirrha apapillata Xu, Chen & Wang sp. nov., and three species are newly recorded in the Beibu Gulf, i.e., Hydractinia vacuolata Xu & Huang, 2006, Proboscidactyla flavicirrata Brandnt, 1834 and Phialella macrogona Xu, Huang & Wang, 1985. Collections of the species were deposited at the Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources.  相似文献