Urban Planning in Hong Kong and Integration with the Pearl River Delta: A Historical Account of Local Development     

Louis?Augustin-JeanEmail author 《GeoJournal》2005,62(1-2):1-13

This paper shows the importance that urban planning plays in the development of Hong Kong. This leads to a reassessment of the role of the government, which is the sole proprietor of the land, in the economy – while it acknowledges the importance of market forces. The first part shows how, since 1945, Hong Kong authorities have been obliged to intervene more in urban planning and local development, despite their liberal ideology. The second part focuses on the interaction between government action and market forces, and their influence in this development. The third part deals with the question of the economic integration between Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) after China started its economics reforms in 1978. The deconcentration of Hong Kong industries to China was mainly due to market forces, but provided a new role for the government. This role is analyzed through its transportation policy – the domain with the most visible governmental intervention before and after 1997. It indicates the preference of the government to develop the territory rather than better integration with the PRD, because of the internal economic problems that may emerge from this integration. Nevertheless, for political and economic reasons, this integration is also seen as necessary. The future of Hong Kong’s economy lies in the answers the authorities will give to this dilemma.  相似文献   

Biological and Temporal Variations of Trace Element Concentrations in the Moss Species Scleropodium purum (Hedw.) Limpr.     

Sebastien Leblond  Sandrine Gombert  Jean Louis Colin  Remi Losno  Catherine Rausch De Traubenberg 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,49(1-3):95-110

Over a period of one year, the moss Scleropodium purum was sampled every two weeks in a French rural area to determine the levels of Li, Na, Al, Si, P, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ba, Hg, and Pb. The element distribution in the moss shoot was studied throughout the year. An apical bioconcentration was discovered for Na, P, Ca, Mn, and Zn, whereas higher levels were found in the basal fraction for Li, Al, Si, V, Fe, Ba, Hg, and Pb. A significant variation of element concentrations was observed during the sampling period. In the apical part Li, Al, Si, V, Fe, Ba, and Hg show maximum levels in the summer and minimum in the autumn. The same pattern was found with Ca and Mn in the whole plant, whereas Na showed opposite fluctuations.  相似文献   

Nondestructive imaging of small size voids at Akrotiri archaeological site, Thera Island, Greece, by seismic inversion techniques     

Filippos I. Louis  Roger A. Clark  Ioannis F. Louis  Costas C. Makropoulos   《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2005,57(4):306-326

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Réponse au commentaire de Brahim Akdim et Ramón Julia sur la note Datation par la méthode U/Th d'un travertin quaternaire du Sud-Est marocain : implications paléoclimatiques pendant le Pléistocène moyen et supérieur [C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003) 469–478]     

Larbi Boudad  Lahcen Kabiri  Samer Farkh  Christophe Falguères  Louis Rousseau  Jacques Beauchamp  Élisabeth Nicot  Guillaume Cairanne 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2006,338(8):583

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Calibration of the MDCO dust collector and of four versions of the inverted frisbee dust deposition sampler   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mamadou Sow  Dirk Goossens  Jean Louis Rajot 《Geomorphology》2006,82(3-4):360-375

Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to determine the efficiency of sediment samplers designed to measure the deposition of aeolian dust. Efficiency was ascertained relative to a water surface, which was considered the best alternative for simulating a perfectly absorbent surface. Two types of samplers were studied: the Marble Dust Collector (MDCO) and the inverted frisbee sampler. Four versions of the latter catcher were tested: an empty frisbee, an empty frisbee surrounded by an aerodynamic flow deflector ring, a frisbee filled with glass marbles, and a frisbee filled with glass marbles and surrounded by a flow deflector ring. Efficiency was ascertained for five wind velocities (range: 1–5 m s^− 1) and eight grain size classes (range: 10–89 μm). The efficiency of dust deposition catchers diminishes rapidly as the wind speed increases. It also diminishes as the particles caught become coarser. Adding a flow deflector ring to a catcher substantially improves the catcher's efficiency, by up to 100% in some cases. The addition of glass marbles to a catcher, on the other hand, does not seem to increase the efficiency, at least not at wind velocities inferior to the deflation threshold. For higher velocities the marbles protect the settled particles from resuspension, keeping them in the catcher. The following five parameters determine the accumulation of aeolian dust in a catcher: the horizontal dust flux, the weight of the particles, atmospheric turbulence, resuspension, and the dust shadow effect created by the catcher. The final accumulation flux depends on the combination of these parameters. The catchers tested in this study belong to the best catchers currently in use in earth science and have been the subject of various aerodynamic studies to improve their efficiency. Nevertheless the catching efficiency remains low, in the order of 20–40% for wind speeds above 2 m s^− 1. Other catchers suffer from the same low efficiencies. There is, thus, evidence to believe that dust deposition rates published in the aeolian literature and obtained by collecting the sediment in a catcher largely underestimate the true deposition. The errors are considerable, of the order of 100% and more. A reconsideration of the literature data on aeolian dust deposition measured by catchers is, therefore, required.  相似文献   

Lateglacial and Holocene climate oscillations in the South-western Alps: An attempt at quantitative reconstruction     

Elena Ortu  Odile Peyron  Amandine Bordon  Jacques Louis de Beaulieu  Consolata Siniscalco  Rosanna Caramiello 《Quaternary International》2008,190(1):71

The high topographic complexity of the Alpine region is the origin of important climate differences that characterise the different areas of the Alps. These differences might have had a strong influence on vegetation and on migrations of human populations in the past. Based on an improved database containing about 3000 modern pollen samples, the standard “Modern Analogue Technique” has been applied to five pollen sequences from the subalpine belt of the South-western Italian Alps (Laghi dell’Orgials, 2240 m, Lago delle Fate, 2130 m, Torbiera del Biecai, 1920 m, Rifugio Mondovì, 1760 m, Pian Marchisio, 1624 m) to provide quantitative climate estimates for the Lateglacial and Holocene periods. Consistent climate trends are reconstructed for the different sequences. Sites recorded in detail the climate variations when they were located at the limit of two ecotones. Sites above the tree line recorded lower temperature values and less important variations. Climate was cold and dry during the Oldest and Younger Dryas and close to present-day values during the Bølling/Allerød interstadial. At the beginning of the Holocene, climate changed to warmer and moister conditions; a high number of climate fluctuations are recorded at several sites. A climate optimum is recorded in the Atlantic period, which caused a development of fir above its present-day altitudinal distribution. Climatic differences recorded at the various sites are discussed taking into account the limits of the method.  相似文献   

Illustration d'une théorie des microséismes par quelques cas concrets     

Louis Grinda 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1973,103(1):316-331

Résumé Au colloque de Paris (1970) sur les Microseismes (MS) l'auteur a formulé les principes d'une théorie qui montre le rôle important, dans la génération des MS, joué par les houles croisées et donc par les variations de la direction du vent sur la mer, l'effect sélectif de la réflexion de la houle par une côte, la réfraction de la houle, le filtrage des houles arrivant à la côte par effet des petits fonds, la vitesse de propagation de la houle, généralement plus grande que celle des cyclones, le diagramme de rayonnement des sources, et par conséquent par la bathymétrie comme par la morphologie des côtes proches de la zone de génération.Des cas concrets de MS bien étudiés en fonction des circonstances météorologiques et océanographiques illustrent et justifient les principes originaux de cette théorie, en particulier ceux qui font l'objet des travaux dont les titres indiqués dans la bibliographie, concernent les MS classiques de la bande de périodes de 2 à 18 secondes.

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Summary During the Symposium on microseisms of Paris (Sept. 1970), the author has formulated the principles of a theory which shows the leading part taken in the generation of microseisms by: Swells more or less crossed and therefore by changes in the direction of the wind; Selective effects of the reflection of the sea waves; The filtering of the components of the swell when it arrives on small depths; The speed of the swell generally faster than the cyclone; The diagram of radiance sources, and, consequently, by the bathymetry and the morphology of the coasts.Three concrete cases illustrate and justify the theory. They are well described in the papers quoted in References.

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Phytoplankton photosynthetic response to light in an internal tide dominated environment     

Marcel Fréchette  Louis Legendre 《Estuaries and Coasts》1982,5(4):287-293

The influence of internal tides on phytoplankton photosynthetic response to light was studied in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary. Photosynthesis at saturating light intensity responded to variations in the vertical density gradient, which were linked to the internal tides. The photosynthetic response was lag-correlated to the vertical water stratification. This suggests that the link between photosynthesis and the internal tides may have resulted from phytoplankton light adaptation.  相似文献   

Electrical conductivity structure in the lower crust     

Giovanni P. Gregori  Louis J. Lanzerotti 《Surveys in Geophysics》1982,4(4):467-499

The subject is reviewed, notwithstanding the existence of a number of disagreeing and/or controversial results found in the literature. First, a brief critical reexamination of the methodology is presented. Second, it is attempted to put the results, or partial conclusions by different authors, using different methods and referring to different geographical regions, into a working scheme. This is done by investigating, as far as possible, the relationships between the electrical conductivity information and other types of geophysical and geological information for each geographical area investigated. It appears almost impossible to draw general conclusions that hold for the entire Earth. Conclusions are given for those areas with some very well-defined geomorphological characters. Unfortunately, the available investigations still appear to give a poor coverage of several types of geographic areas with specific tectonic characteristics, and certainly the scientific coverage by electromagnetic methods of investigation cannot be compared with those available today from seismological methods. Investigating the electrical conductivity structure of the lower crust certainly opens relevant heuristic possibilities, but there appears to be a great need both for a refinement in the basic methodology, and for a better coverage of the investigated areas.  相似文献   

Lower Hawthorn Aquifer on Sanibel Island, Florida     

Louis H. Motz 《Ground water》1982,20(2):170-178

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