Heavy metals in the Baltic Sea     

Lutz Brügmann 《Marine pollution bulletin》1981,12(6):214-218

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Shift — fortran IV program for shift and share-analysis     

Dr. Dipl. Math. Lutz Blumhagen  Dr. Gert Eichler 《GeoJournal》1977,1(6):17-24

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Characterization of sediments in an abandoned mining area; a case study of Mansfeld region,Germany   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rainer?WennrichEmail author  Jürgen?Mattusch  Peter?Morgenstern  Klaus?Freyer  Hanns-Christian?Treutler  Hans-Joachim?St?rk  Lutz?Brüggemann  Albrecht?Paschke  Birgit?Daus  Holger?Weiss 《Environmental Geology》2004,45(6):818-833

The distribution of selected heavy metals, including some radionuclides, metalloids and non-metals was determined in stream sediments in a region influenced by abandoned copper mining and ore processing activities. A considerable amount of the ore processing waste with a very complex composition and highly elevated concentrations of zinc, sulfur, lead, copper, arsenic, and a lot of other elements in the range between 100 and 1,000 mg/kg (Sb, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Hg, and Ag) was piled up on mine dumps. The dispersion of the pollutants originating from this source and their environmental impact were investigated. Both, sediments and original waste material were studied to indicate the pathways and the mobilization behavior of different pollutants. For this purpose, the process of the elution of pollutants by application of different fractionation schemes was studied. The capabilities of different analytical techniques are shown for the analysis of solid samples (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Gamma-spectrometry) and liquid ones (ICP-atomic emission spectrometry, ICP-mass spectrometry and different techniques of atomic absorption). Additionally, the coupling of ion chromatography and ICP-MS detection was used to study the distribution of arsenic species in the sediment cores of a lake which acts as a natural sink for the region.  相似文献   

Identifying and characterizing solution conduits in karst aquifers through geospatial (GIS) analysis of porosity from borehole imagery: An example from the Biscayne aquifer,South Florida (USA)     

Alex K. Manda  Michael R. Gross 《Advances in water resources》2006

We apply geospatial analysis to borehole imagery in an effort to develop new techniques to evaluate the spatial distribution and internal structure of karst conduits. Remote sensing software is used to classify a high resolution, digital borehole image of limestone bedrock from the Biscayne aquifer (South Florida, USA) into a binary image divided into cells of rock matrix and pores. Within a GIS, 2D porosity is calculated for a series of rectangular sampling windows placed over the binary image and then plotted as a function of depth. Potential conduits that intersect the borehole are identified as peaks of high porosity. A second GIS technique identifies a conduit as a continuous object that spans the entire borehole width. According to these criteria, geospatial analysis reveals ∼10 discrete conduits along the ∼15 m borehole image. Continuous sampling of the geologic medium intersected by the borehole provides insight into the internal structure of karst aquifers and the evolution of karst features. Most importantly, this pilot study demonstrates that GIS-based techniques are capable of quantifying the depths, dimensions, shapes, apertures and connectivity of potential conduits, physical attributes that impact flow in karst aquifers.  相似文献   

Mercury in feathers from Chilean birds: influence of location,feeding strategy,and taxonomic affiliation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ochoa-acuña H  Sepúlveda MS  Gross TS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(4):340-345

This study reports baseline concentrations of mercury (Hg) in feathers from different species of birds sampled at various locations off the Chilean coast (Southeastern Pacific). Hg concentrations were evaluated in relation to geographic location, taxonomic affiliation, and feeding strategies. Between January and March of 1995, we collected mature contour feathers from 116 birds belonging to 22 species, mostly seabirds. Birds were collected from 10 different locations (26 degrees 09'S, 70 degrees 40'W to 54 degrees 56'S, 67 degrees 37'W). Feather Hg concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 13 microg g(-1) dry weight. We found differences in feather Hg concentrations across taxonomic groups, with highest concentrations in petrels, shearwaters, and albatrosses (Procellaridae), followed by boobies (Sulidae), gulls, terns, skuas (Laridae) and cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae). Ibises and oystercatchers (Threskiornithidae and Charadriidae) had intermediate values, whereas ducks and geese (Anatidae) contained the least amount of Hg. Oceanic species preying on mesopelagic fish (the Procellariformes albatrosses, petrels, and fulmars) had over twice as much Hg (overall average of 3.9 microg g(-1)) when compared to the rest of the species sampled (overall average of 1.5 microg g(-1)). We did not find higher Hg concentrations in birds inhabiting the more heavily industrialized and urbanized areas of the country (central and northern regions), but in birds inhabiting the remote Juan Fernandez Archipelago. This is not surprising, since all the Procellariformes (the group with highest Hg values in this study) were collected from these islands. Except for Hg in Kermadec petrels (mean of 12 microg g(-1)), the range of Hg values reported here (0.11-7.3 microg g(-1)) fell below those known to cause adverse health and reproductive effects in birds.  相似文献   

A Kalman-filter-based approach to combining independent Earth-orientation series   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

R. S. Gross  T. M. Eubanks  J. A. Steppe  A. P. Freedman  J. O. Dickey  T. F. Runge 《Journal of Geodesy》1998,72(4):215-235

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Linearizing the observed power spectrum     

Clay C. Smith  Anatoly Klypin  Michael A. K. Gross  Joel R. Primack  & Jon Holtzman 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,297(3):910-922

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Cold dark matter variant cosmological models — I. Simulations and preliminary comparisons     

Michael A. K. Gross  Rachel S. Somerville  Joel R. Primack  Jon Holtzman  & Anatoly Klypin 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,301(1):81-94

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A Fully Depleted pn-Junction CCD for Infrared-, UV- and X- ray detection     

C. von Zanthier  H. Bräuninger  K. Dennerl  R. Hartmann  G. Hartner  H. Hippmann  A. Kaltenberger  E. Kastelic  W. Kink  N. Krause  N. Meidinger  G. Metzner  E. Pfeffermann  M. Popp  C. Reppin  J. Riedl  D. Stötter  L. Strüder  J. Trümper  W. Weber  D. Carathanassis  S. Engelhard  Th. Gebhart  D. Hauff  G. Lutz  R. H. Richter  H. Seitz  P. Solc  E. Biehler  H. Böttcher  E. Kendziorra  J. Krämer  B. Pflüger  R. Staubert  P. Holl  J. Kemmer  P. Lechner  B. Maier  H. Soltau  R. Stötter  E. Bihler 《Experimental Astronomy》1998,8(1):89-96

This paper describes the performance of the Fully Depleted pn-junction CCD (pn-CCD) system, developed for ESA's XMM-satellite mission for soft x-ray imaging and spectroscopy in the single photon counting mode in the 100 eV to 10 keV photon range. The 58 mm x 60 mm large pn-CCD array, designed and fabricated at the Semiconductor Lab (Halbleiterlabor) of the Max-Planck-Institut, uses pn-junctions for registers and as backside structure. This concept naturally enables full depletion of the detector volume independent of the silicon wafer's resistivity and thickness, and as such make it an efficient detector for the x-ray region and the infrared. For high detection efficiency in the soft x-ray region and UV, an ultrathin pn-CCD backside deadlayer has been realized. Each pn-CCD-channel is equipped with its own on-chip JFET amplifier which, in combination with the CAMEX-amplifier and multiplexing chip, facilitates parallel readout and fast data rate: the cooled pn-CCD system can be read out at a data rate up to 3 MHz with an electronic noise floor of ENC < 5 e-.  相似文献   

Some effects of deforestation on nocturnal drainage flow and local climate — A numerical study     

G. Gross 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1987,38(4):315-337

The three-dimensional mesoscale model FITNAH has been modified to simulate effects of a tall tree canopy on airflow in complex terrain. Numerical experiments show the general features of meteorological variables inside a plant stand with low wind speeds and a nearly neutral thermal stratification during night. Available observations from the Finkenbach valley and the simulated temperatures near the ground show good agreeement.Comparison of model results for a nighttime situation for cases with and without a canopy (after complete deforestation) leads to the main results, viz., that surface wind speed will increase and the atmosphere near the ground will become colder after deforestation.However, the production rate of cooled air (expressed in m³m^–2h^–1) decreases; that means that forested slopes are more effective in ventilating a city than slopes covered with short vegetation.  相似文献