The dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at salinities 5 to 45 and temperatures 0 to 45°C     

Rabindra N Roy  Lakshimi N Roy  Kathleen M Vogel  C Porter-Moore  Tara Pearson  Catherine E Good  Frank J Millero  Douglas M Campbell 《Marine Chemistry》1993,44(2-4)

The pK₁^* and pK₂^* for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater have been determined from 0 to 45°C and S = 5 to 45. The values of pK₁^* have been determined from emf measurements for the cell: where X is the mole fraction of CO₂ in the gas. The values of pK₂^* have been determined from emf measurements on the cell: The results have been fitted to the equations: where T is the temperature in K, S is the salinity, and the standard deviations of the fits are σ = 0.0048 in lnK₁^* and σ = 0.0070 in lnK₂^*.Our new results are in good agreement at S = 35 (±0.002 in pK₁^*and ±0.005 in pK₂^*) from 0 to 45°C with the earlier results of Goyet and Poisson (1989). Since our measurements are more precise than the earlier measurements due to the use of the Pt, H₂|AgCl, Ag electrode system, we feel that our equations should be used to calculate the components of the carbonate system in seawater.  相似文献   

The impact of mesoscale eddies on plankton dynamics in the upper ocean     

C. L. Smith  K. J. Richards  M. J. R. Fasham 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1996,43(11-12)

A coupled QuasiGeostrophic mixed-layer ECOsystem model (QGECO) is used to investigate the impact of the underlying mesoscale eddy field on the spatial and temporal scales of biological production and on overall rates of primary productivity. The model exhibits temporal trends in the biological and physical fields similar to those observed in the North Atlantic; i.e. the mixed layer shallows in spring causing a rapid increase in phytoplankton concentrations and a corresponding decline in nutrient levels. Heterogeneity is produced in the mixed layer through Ekman pumping velocities resulting from the interaction of windstress and surface currents. This variability impacts on biological production in two ways. Firstly, spatial variations in the depth of the mixed layer affect the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) availability and hence production rates, and secondly, eddy enhanced exchange between the surface water and those at depth bring additional nutrients into the euphotic zone. These processes result in significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the ecosystem distributions.Investigation of the spatial heterogeneity of the biological system finds variability to be significantly greater than that of the mixed layer. The relationship between the eddy field and the ecosystem is investigated. The structure and correlation of the biogeochernical fields change with time. The biological fields are found to have a shorter horizontal scale, but whiter spectrum than the underlying eddy field.Overwinter conditions are found to have a profound effect on the variability, size and timing of the following spring bloom event. Variations in the nitrate levels are primarily responsible for the variability in the biological system in the first year. In subsequent years the variation in the overwintering population is found to be dominant.  相似文献   

Submarine slope mudstone facies,cozy dell formation (Middle Eocene), California     

Roger M. Slatt  Peter R. Thompson 《Geo-Marine Letters》1985,5(1):39-45

A 120 m thick section of the Cozy Dell Formation (middle Eocene), southem California, consists of a graylaminated mudstone and a tanungraded mudstone; sandstone beds are associated with the laminated mudstone. Sedimentary structures, stratification sequences, foraminiferal distributions, and composition indicate that the ungraded mudstone is an upper slope hemipelagic deposit, while the laminated mudstone is an overbank deposit associated with shallow channels or gullies in which the sandstone beds were deposited. This depositional setting may be analogous to that of the modern Mississippi River delta front.  相似文献   

The catch and effort of the Angolan bait-boat tuna fishery and its influence in reducing the supporting yellowfin population     

de Campos Rosado  J. M. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1973,35(1):52-60

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Geoidal topography: Origin and time consistency     

Nils-Axel Mörner 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1984,7(1-2):205-208

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Operational predictability of monthly average maximum temperature over the Iberian Peninsula using DEMETER simulations and downscaling   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. DOLORES FRÍAS  JESÚS FERNÁNDEZ  JON SÁENZ  CONCEPCIÓN RODRÍGUEZ-PUEBLA 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》2005,57(3):448-463

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Ageostrophic dynamics of the upper ocean layer: Measurements over the transatlantic section along 53° N     

I. D. Lozovatskii  S. M. Shapovalov  E. Roget 《Oceanology》2006,46(1):1-9

Some aspects of the upper ocean layer dynamics are considered, including the Ekman transport, the relation of the thickness of the quasi-homogeneous layer to the thickness of the layer of rotation of the drift current vector, and the correlation between the level of the turbulent energy dissipation and the thickness of the quasi-homogeneous layer.  相似文献   

Russian-Polish joint biohydrochemical studies in the gulf of Gdansk of the Baltic Sea (R/V Baltica, June 2005)     

M. Welgat  M. Zalewski  A. Amerik  A. Grelowski  L. L. Kuznetsov  N. M. Lapina  N. I. Torgunova  T. B. Semochkina 《Oceanology》2006,46(4):592-595

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Effect of free surface and strut on fins attached to a strut     

C. M. Lee  I. R. Park  H. H. Chun  S. J. Lee 《Ocean Engineering》2001,28(1)

An extensive experimental and computational investigation of the combined and separate effects of free surface and body on the lift characteristics of a pair of fins attached to a strut and fin alone is conducted. The results reveal that the free-surface effect becomes significant when the depth of submergence to chord ratio (H/c) is less than three. The effect of the strut is also realized for shallower depth of submergence of the fins through free-surface deformation leading to a significant change in the incidence angle of the flow to the fins. The numerical results based on the Higher Order Boundary Element Method with the linearized free-surface condition show good agreement with the experimental results for fin (foil) alone even at shallow submergence, but some discrepancies appear for the fin attached to the strut at higher speeds mostly due to the neglect of the nonlinear free-surface effect.  相似文献   

The relationship between infestation by Mytilicola intestinalis, Steuer (Copepoda, Cyclopoidea) and the condition index of Mytilus edulis in southwest England     

Gee  J. M.; Maddock  Linda; Davey  J. T. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1977,37(3):300-308

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