Polycyclic aromatic musk compounds in sewage treatment plant effluents of Canada and Sweden--first results   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Ricking M  Schwarzbauer J  Hellou J  Svenson A  Zitko V 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(4):410-417

Polycyclic musk fragrances (PMF) are widely used fragrances for cosmetics and other personal and household care products. Quantitative data on PMF (HHCB-Galaxolide, AHTN-Tonalide, ATTI-Traseolide, AHMI-Phantolide, ADBI-Celestolide, and DPMI-Cashmeran) and the most prominent nitro musks (Musk Xylene-MX, and Musk Ketone-MK) in different wastewater treatment effluents in Canada and Sweden are presented to provide preliminary information on the variations within the emission pattern of these compounds. In all samples HHCB and AHTN were detected at concentrations of up to 1300 and 520 ngl(-1), respectively. ADBI, AHMI were also present, but close to the detection limit. The other PMF DPMI, ATTI, and more surprisingly musk ketone and musk xylene were not detected in any sample analysed. In comparison the samples from Canada were contaminated at a higher level than the Swedish samples, by a maximum factor of ca 10 for HHCB and AHTN.  相似文献   

Study of the effect of water-soluble fractions of heavy-oil on coastal marine organisms using enclosed ecosystems,mesocosms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ohwada K  Nishimura M  Wada M  Nomura H  Shibata A  Okamoto K  Toyoda K  Yoshida A  Takada H  Yamada M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,47(1-6):78-84

Mesocosm facilities composed of 4 experimental and 2 reservoir tanks (1.5 m in diameter, 3.0 m in depth and 5 tons in capacity) made of FRP plastics, were constructed in the concrete fish rearing pond in the Fisheries Laboratory, The University of Tokyo. The water-soluble fraction of Rank A heavy residual oil was formed by mixing 500 g of the oil with 10 l of seawater, which was introduced to the 5000 l-capacity tanks. Experimental Run 4 was conducted from May 31 to June 7, 2000. Oil concentrations in the tanks were 4.5 microg/l called LOW, and 13.5 microg/l, called HIGH tank. Bacterial growth rates very quickly accelerated in the HIGH tank just after the loading of oil which corresponded with a high increase of bacterial cells in the same tank after 2 days. Later, bacterial numbers in HIGH tank rapidly decreased, corresponding with the rapid increase of heterotrophic nano-flagellates and virus numbers on the same day. Sediment traps were deployed at the bottom of the experimental tanks, and were periodically retrieved. These samples were observed both under light microscope and epi-fluorescent microscope with UV-excitation. It was observed that the main components of the vertical flux were amorphous suspended matter, mostly originating from dead phytoplankton and living diatoms. It was further observed from the pictures that vertical transport of oil emulsions were probably conducted after adsorption to amorphous suspended matter and living diatoms, and were settling in the sediment traps at the bottom of the tanks. This means that the main force which drives the soluble fraction of oil into bottom sediment would be vertical flux of such amorphous suspended particles and phytoplankton. Further incubation of the samples revealed that the oil emulsions were degraded by the activity of autochtonous bacteria in the sediment in aerobic condition.  相似文献   

Effects of deposit feeder Stichopus japonicus on algal bloom and organic matter contents of bottom sediments of the enclosed sea   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Michio K  Kengo K  Yasunori K  Hitoshi M  Takayuki Y  Hideaki Y  Hiroshi S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,47(1-6):118-125

Algae growing in an enclosed sea may inhibit eutrophication because they absorb nutrients in the water. However, dead algae often cause anaerobic conditions in the water just above and on sediment after they are deposited on the bottom. We found that Stichopus japonicus inhibited the anaerobic processes coupling water sulfite production in sediment. The present study investigates whether S. japonicus inhibits algal flourish and influences sediment properties such as organic matter contents. Aquarium experiments were carried out at Komatsushima port in Tokushima Prefecture, western Japan. The aquaria used in the experiments were supplied with water directly from the adjacent sea (6 L/min), laid with sand of 10 cm depths, and lighted at 12 h intervals. Six aquaria each containing a sea cucumber from Komatsushima port and six aquaria without any were used in the experiments. Water temperature ranged between 9 and 15 degrees C during December 2000 and April 2001. Salinity ranged between 32 per thousand and 34 per thousand. Algae began to cover the bottom of the aquaria without S. japonicus after 2 weeks, whereas no growth was evident in the aquaria containing sea cucumbers. Chlorophyll a concentration in the surface sediment of the aquaria with S. japonicus (6.1+/-3.6 microg/g, mean S.D.+/-standard deviation) was significantly lower than that without it (60+/-17 microg/g, U-test, p<0.05). Phaeophytin concentration in the surface sediment of the aquaria with S. japonicus (0.9+/-0.09 microg/g) was also significantly lower than that without it (4.5+/-1.0 microg/g, U-test, p<0.05). TOC concentration in the surface sediment of the aquaria with S. japonicus (2.6+/-1.3 microg/g) was slightly lower than that without it (4.0+/-1.2 microg/g). These results showed that algal biomass and organic matter concentration of the bottom were decreased in the presence of S. japonicus. Therefore, S. japonicus inhibits algal bloom and decrease the contents of organic matter deposited on the bottom of enclosed sea areas.  相似文献   

Impacts of the Jessica oil spill on intertidal and shallow subtidal plants and animals     

Edgar GJ  Kerrison L  Shepherd SA  Veronica Toral-Granda M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,47(7-8):276-283

Densities of fishes, invertebrates and plants at rocky intertidal and shallow subtidal sites were censused 1-2 days prior to the Jessica oil spill and compared with information obtained for the same sites one month after the spill, both for sites impacted by oil and unaffected reference sites. While the availability of pre-spill data made this analysis one of the most powerful to date for testing impacts of oil on shoreline environments, no clear changes attributable to oiling could be identified. Discharged oil appeared to cause very little impact in the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones, with such impacts lying within the range of natural spatial and temporal variation at sites investigated. Factors considered to minimize impact in Galápagos included paucity of fully sheltered shores in spill path, moderate wave action, warm temperature, high levels of sunlight, and mixing of bunker oil with diesel.  相似文献   

Chronic effects of tributyltin on the caprellid amphipod Caprella danilevskii   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ohji M  Arai T  Miyazaki N 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(10):1263-1272

In order to examine the biological effects by TBT exposure, experiments involving the exposure of five levels of TBT concentrations (0, 10, 100, 1000 and 10,000 ngl(-1)) were conducted on the caprellid amphipod Caprella danilevskii, over a generation after hatching. Marked delays in growth and molting during the early developmental stage and maturation were found in both 100 and 1000 ng TBTCl l(-1) concentrations in spite of the sex. All specimens died in 10,000 ng TBTCl l(-1) within 4 days after hatching. Inhibition of maturation and reproduction such as delaying in the achievement of maturity and a decrease in the number of juveniles hatched was apparent in 10 and 100 ng TBTCl l(-1) concentrations. Furthermore, brood loss, and failure in egg formation and hatching were observed as the TBT concentration became higher. No significant changes in sex ratio were seen at any of the TBT exposure levels during hatching and maturation in the present study. This phenomenon was different from a previous study in which the proportion of females was increased with an increase in TBT concentrations in the embryonic exposure experiment. This suggests that sex disturbance is induced during the embryonic stage of the species. A drastic decrease in survival rate was observed at 10 ng TBTCl l(-1) (25%) which corresponds to the mean level in coastal waters. Therefore, the present encountering ambient TBT concentration may influence populations of C. danilevskii in the coastal environment.  相似文献   

成都标准基线场的设计及光干涉测量     

赵景瞻裴维礼  胡正元张胜书 J．雅克拉 M．波坦尼 《四川测绘》2004,27(2):88-91

本文较详尽地阐述了成都标准基线场的设计特点及其理论依据，并介绍了光干涉测量及其配合的EDM测量、光干涉测量计算结果和精度分析。  相似文献   

国家历史地理信息系统   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

McMaster R B  Lindberg M  赵园春 《测绘文摘》2004,(1)

GIS可以有效地获取、存储、分析并显示空间数据及与其相关的空间可寻址的数据集。大量的空间数据都与人口统计有关,包括人口普查局的TIGER文件。TIGER文件指可进行空间分析和制图的地理编码的街道和调查单元的文件。现在,研究者们开始尝试使用人口普查的地  相似文献   

斐济—汤加地幔过渡带的地震波各向异性     

W.P.Chen  M.R.Brudzinski  常利军  张弘 《世界地震译丛》2004,(3)

论述了一个不常见的、明显的过渡带(TZ)各向异性的实例,证据来自于许多比垂直偏振剪切波(SV)早到3s的水平偏振剪切波(SH)。各向异性区与远离活动俯冲带及已知的纵、横波速度横向非均匀体边界的深震相关。我们把这一各向异性区解释为与岩石层残骸中的巨大岩石异常体有关的强组构,这个巨大的岩石异常体悬浮并滞留于过渡带中。冷板块的快速俯冲非常适合于这种组构的形成,因此板块穿透到下地幔并不能普遍发生。  相似文献   

昆仑山8．1级地震期间长的超剪切破裂的观测     

M.Bouchon M.Vallee 黄猛万永革  吴建平 《世界地震译丛》2004,(5):51-54

2001年昆仑山地震是一次不寻常的事件，产生了400km长的地表破裂。这次事件的区域宽频带记录提供了精确观测地震期间断层破裂速度的机会，对于认识地震危险性和理解地震物理具有重要意义。我们得到破裂在长为400km的地震断层上传播的平均速度为3．7～3．9km／s，超过了地壳脆性部分的剪切波速。破裂以亚瑞雷波速开始，以后增大到超剪切波速，经过100km的传播之后可能达到5km／s。  相似文献   

日本西南丰后水道的无震滑动和低频地震     

S．Ozawa Y．Hatanaka M．Kaidzu M．Murakami T．Imakiire Y．Ishigaki邢秀芬  郑需要 《世界地震译丛》2004,(6):39-44

对全球定位系统(GPS)数据的分析显示出，自1996～1997年类似事件之后6年的2003年8月底以来，日本西南丰后水道发生了瞬时地壳形变。考虑到许多GPS测点东南向运动以及1996～1997年事件与2003年事件有类似之处，这些瞬变过程很可能是由菲律宾海板块和阿穆里板块之间板问瞬时无震滑动所引起的。估计2003年这次无震滑动发生在丰后水道下，其相对滑动在西侧随时间增加，矩震级(Mw)达到7．0。与开始和结束都与2003年事件一致的低频地震逐渐平息不同，2003年瞬时地壳形变以大致为常数的速率进行，一直到2003年11月底。丰后水道区可能通过无震滑动释放了来自菲律宾海板块消减而聚积的能量。  相似文献