Economic valuation for the conservation of marine biodiversity   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Beaumont NJ  Austen MC  Mangi SC  Townsend M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(3):386-396

Policy makers are increasingly recognising the role of environmental valuation to guide and support the management and conservation of biodiversity. This paper presents a goods and services approach to determine the economic value of marine biodiversity in the UK, with the aim of clarifying the role of valuation in the management of marine biodiversity. The goods and services resulting from UK marine biodiversity are detailed, and 8 of the 13 services are valued in monetary terms. It is found that a decline in UK marine biodiversity could result in a varying, and at present unpredictable, change in the provision of goods and services, including reduced resilience and resistance to change, declining marine environmental health, reduced fisheries potential, and loss of recreational opportunities. The results suggest that this approach can facilitate biodiversity management by enabling the optimal allocation of limited management resources and through raising awareness of the importance of marine biodiversity.  相似文献   

日粮中不同糖源对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)稚鱼养殖效果与机理研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴彬  彭淇  陈斌  孙晓锋  冯健 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(4):1050-1055

采用含有25%葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、蔗糖糖蜜、糊精、小麦淀粉等不同糖源的6组等氮、等能量半纯合实验日粮, 研究了不同糖源对吉富罗非鱼稚鱼养殖效果与机理。结果表明, 葡萄糖组、麦芽糖组鱼的特定生长率、饲料效益和蛋白效益显著低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05); 葡萄糖组和麦芽糖组鱼鱼体总能明显低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05); 葡萄糖组和麦芽糖组鱼肝脏脂肪、肝糖原和肌糖原含量明显低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05); 葡萄糖组鱼血糖浓度与总蛋白含量显著低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05); 葡萄组和麦芽糖组鱼肝组织中己糖激酶(HK)显著高于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05), 葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)显著低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05)。本实验结果认为, 日粮中不同糖源对吉富罗非鱼稚鱼养殖效果的差异主要与调控鱼体内糖代谢的关键酶己糖激酶(HK)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)对不同糖源的糖分子结构不同活性有关, 与糖的分子大小无关。在罗非鱼稚鱼饲料中添加蔗糖糖蜜效果较好。  相似文献   

日粮中添加叶黄素与角黄素对瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli Richardson)体色影响研究     

王斐  彭淇  吴彬  谭亦珍  杨芳  冯健 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(4):879-885

采用传统养殖试验方法研究了日粮中添加叶黄素与角黄素对瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli Richardson)体色的影响。实验设计了11组等蛋白质(42.6%)、等能量(18.5MJ/kg)的实用试验日粮,在试验日粮中分别添加0、25、50、100、200mg/kg叶黄素和25、50、100mg/kg叶黄素与25、50mg/kg角黄素,对照组为野生瓦氏黄颡鱼。结果表明,实验结束时(60d),试验3、8、9日粮组(添加50mg/kg叶黄素、50mg/kg叶黄素+25mg/kg角黄素、50mg/kg叶黄素+25mg/kg角黄素)鱼体体色与对照组鱼(野生瓦氏黄颡鱼)体色相似,试验3、8、9组鱼皮肤中叶黄素含量与对照组鱼差异不显著(P0.05)。本实验认为,在日粮中添加叶黄素对瓦氏黄颡鱼的着色效果明显较角黄素好,是养殖瓦氏黄颡鱼饲料的适宜添加色素。在瓦氏黄颡鱼的饲料中叶黄素的建议添加量为50mg/kg。  相似文献   

基于无人机影像的北部湾典型岛群红树林生态系统净初级生产力估算     

田义超  黄远林  陶进  张强  吴彬  张亚丽  梁铭忠  周国清 《热带地理》2019,39(4):583-596

提出以无人机季节航拍影像为数据源,采用ENVI5.3软件中的CART方法对广西北部湾的典型岛群红树林景观类型进行解译,借助于Python语言实现CASA模型并将其引入到对岛群红树林生态系统的研究中,得出了不同海岛和红树林生态系统净初级生产力（NPP）的空间分布特征。结果表明：1）可见光波段差异性植被指数（VDVI）可以很好地区分海岛及红树林植被等典型地物,可应用在岛群红树林生态系统NPP的估算上;2）研究区NPP的总量为127.09 t·C/a,NPP的年均碳密度值介于0~1 437.12 g·C/m²,年均碳密度为399.85 g·C/m²。红树林生态系统的NPP值较高,而海岛生态系统的NPP值较低;3）季节尺度上NPP碳密度的大小与年内太阳辐射有直接的关系,夏季的NPP碳密度最大,冬季最小;4）白骨壤的单位面积NPP最大,为1 123.09 g·C/m²,而桐花树最小,为649.65 g·C/m²。红树林生态系统NPP平均碳密度低于实测样地和深圳福田红树林计算结果,这与不同红树林群落的植被光谱特征有关。  相似文献   

沸石分子筛合成的X射线衍射研究     

吴彬  胡宏杰 《地质实验室》1999,15(4):267-269

采用Ｘ射线粉末衍射物相分析方法,对沸石分子筛的合成工艺进行研究,通过原料来源、焙烧时间、碱浓度、结晶时间等诸多对合成的影响的研究,确定最佳的合成条件。  相似文献   

First detection of CYP1A1 and CYP2B induction in Mediterranean cetacean skin biopsies and cultured fibroblasts by Western blot analysis     

Fossi MC  Casini S  Bucalossi D  Marsili L 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(1):3-6

The need to develop powerful tools to detect exposure and effects of POPs and emerging contaminants in Mediterranean cetaceans led us to develop a suite of sensitive non-lethal biomarkers in integument biopsies of free-ranging animals. In order to propose induction of CYP1A1 and CYP2B, detected by Western blot analysis, as biomarkers of exposure to OCs, PAHs and PBDEs, a three-phase experimental protocol (in vitro experiments, calibration experiments and field applications) was followed using fibroblast cell cultures and biopsies of Mediterranean Stenella coeruleoalba and Tursiops truncatus. This methodology was confirmed to be sensitive and stable in comparison to previous methods used to detect CYP1A1 in biopsies, enabling analysis of several inducible proteins in non-lethal samples and analysis of material from stranded animals.  相似文献   

Effects of chemical dispersants and mineral fines on crude oil dispersion in a wave tank under breaking waves     

Li Z  Kepkay P  Lee K  King T  Boufadel MC  Venosa AD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(7):983-993

The interaction of chemical dispersants and suspended sediments with crude oil influences the fate and transport of oil spills in coastal waters. A wave tank study was conducted to investigate the effects of chemical dispersants and mineral fines on the dispersion of oil and the formation of oil-mineral-aggregates (OMAs) in natural seawater. Results of ultraviolet spectrofluorometry and gas chromatography flame ionized detection analysis indicated that dispersants and mineral fines, alone and in combination, enhanced the dispersion of oil into the water column. Measurements taken with a laser in situ scattering and transmissometer (LISST-100X) showed that the presence of mineral fines increased the total concentration of the suspended particles from 4 to 10microl l(-1), whereas the presence of dispersants decreased the particle size (mass mean diameter) of OMAs from 50 to 10microm. Observation with an epifluorescence microscope indicated that the presence of dispersants, mineral fines, or both in combination significantly increased the number of particles dispersed into the water.  相似文献   

The movement of oil under non-breaking waves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Boufadel MC  Bechtel RD  Weaver J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(9):1056-1065

The combined effects of wave kinematics, turbulent diffusion, and buoyancy on the transport of oil droplets at sea were investigated in this work using random walk techniques in a Monte Carlo framework. Six hundred oil particles were placed at the water surface and tracked for 500 wave periods. A dimensionless formulation was presented that allowed reporting distances in terms of the wave length and times in terms of the wave period. Stokes' drift was, expectedly, the major mechanism for horizontal transport. It was also found that plumes that have large terminal rise velocities move faster forward but spread less than those that have small terminal rise velocities. The increase in wave slope (or wave steepness) caused an increase in transport and spreading of the plume. Our results supported treating the oil as completely mixed vertically in a layer near the surface. In the horizontal direction, buoyant plumes had spreading coefficients that are essentially constant after about 200 wave periods. But neutrally buoyant plumes had horizontal spreading coefficients that increased with time (for the simulation time of 500 wave periods). Techniques for generalizing the results for a wide range of wave parameters were presented.  相似文献   

老采空区勘查技术方法研究     

吴彬  李远强  张国华 《城市地质》2015,(Z2):94-100

老采空区往往无矿产勘查资料和历史矿产开采资料,圈定采空区范围,分析采空塌陷灾害发育程度,只能通过多方面的地质勘查技术手段确定。本文通过实例浅部采空区勘查工作总结研究,采用地质调查、地球物理探测、钻探等多种勘查技术方法,综合研究分析如何准确圈定采空区平面范围,并通过岩石力学实验与计算的方法确定采空塌陷影响范围,为老窑采空区边界和深度的准确判定,提供实际经验和理论上的支持。  相似文献   

物探方法在地质灾害勘查中的应用     

李远强  陈伟  吴彬 《城市地质》2015,(Z1):95-100

物探方法是利用地下岩土体的物理性质差异,使用仪器测试地下介质的物性数据,应用计算技术,反演推断出地下不同岩土体分布的一种无损快速的探测方法。不同的岩土体具有不同的密度、导电性、磁性等物理性质,根据不同的物理性质.采用不同仪器设备和方法进行测试,可以解决不同的地质问题。本文论述了音频大地电磁测深法、高密度电阻率法、探地雷达法、瞬变电磁法、地震反射波法在崩塌,滑坡、泥石流,地面塌陷等地质灾害勘查中解决的问题,确定地下采空区分布、基岩埋深.滑面位置.地裂缝位置及分布特征,选择适当的物探方法可以解决地质灾害勘查中的重要问题。  相似文献