Economic valuation for the conservation of marine biodiversity   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Beaumont NJ  Austen MC  Mangi SC  Townsend M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(3):386-396

Policy makers are increasingly recognising the role of environmental valuation to guide and support the management and conservation of biodiversity. This paper presents a goods and services approach to determine the economic value of marine biodiversity in the UK, with the aim of clarifying the role of valuation in the management of marine biodiversity. The goods and services resulting from UK marine biodiversity are detailed, and 8 of the 13 services are valued in monetary terms. It is found that a decline in UK marine biodiversity could result in a varying, and at present unpredictable, change in the provision of goods and services, including reduced resilience and resistance to change, declining marine environmental health, reduced fisheries potential, and loss of recreational opportunities. The results suggest that this approach can facilitate biodiversity management by enabling the optimal allocation of limited management resources and through raising awareness of the importance of marine biodiversity.  相似文献   

日粮中不同糖源对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)稚鱼养殖效果与机理研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴彬  彭淇  陈斌  孙晓锋  冯健 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(4):1050-1055

采用含有25%葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、蔗糖糖蜜、糊精、小麦淀粉等不同糖源的6组等氮、等能量半纯合实验日粮, 研究了不同糖源对吉富罗非鱼稚鱼养殖效果与机理。结果表明, 葡萄糖组、麦芽糖组鱼的特定生长率、饲料效益和蛋白效益显著低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05); 葡萄糖组和麦芽糖组鱼鱼体总能明显低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05); 葡萄糖组和麦芽糖组鱼肝脏脂肪、肝糖原和肌糖原含量明显低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05); 葡萄糖组鱼血糖浓度与总蛋白含量显著低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05); 葡萄组和麦芽糖组鱼肝组织中己糖激酶(HK)显著高于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05), 葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)显著低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05)。本实验结果认为, 日粮中不同糖源对吉富罗非鱼稚鱼养殖效果的差异主要与调控鱼体内糖代谢的关键酶己糖激酶(HK)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)对不同糖源的糖分子结构不同活性有关, 与糖的分子大小无关。在罗非鱼稚鱼饲料中添加蔗糖糖蜜效果较好。  相似文献   

日粮中添加叶黄素与角黄素对瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli Richardson)体色影响研究     

王斐  彭淇  吴彬  谭亦珍  杨芳  冯健 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(4):879-885

采用传统养殖试验方法研究了日粮中添加叶黄素与角黄素对瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli Richardson)体色的影响。实验设计了11组等蛋白质(42.6%)、等能量(18.5MJ/kg)的实用试验日粮,在试验日粮中分别添加0、25、50、100、200mg/kg叶黄素和25、50、100mg/kg叶黄素与25、50mg/kg角黄素,对照组为野生瓦氏黄颡鱼。结果表明,实验结束时(60d),试验3、8、9日粮组(添加50mg/kg叶黄素、50mg/kg叶黄素+25mg/kg角黄素、50mg/kg叶黄素+25mg/kg角黄素)鱼体体色与对照组鱼(野生瓦氏黄颡鱼)体色相似,试验3、8、9组鱼皮肤中叶黄素含量与对照组鱼差异不显著(P0.05)。本实验认为,在日粮中添加叶黄素对瓦氏黄颡鱼的着色效果明显较角黄素好,是养殖瓦氏黄颡鱼饲料的适宜添加色素。在瓦氏黄颡鱼的饲料中叶黄素的建议添加量为50mg/kg。  相似文献   

基于无人机影像的北部湾典型岛群红树林生态系统净初级生产力估算     

田义超  黄远林  陶进  张强  吴彬  张亚丽  梁铭忠  周国清 《热带地理》2019,39(4):583-596

提出以无人机季节航拍影像为数据源,采用ENVI5.3软件中的CART方法对广西北部湾的典型岛群红树林景观类型进行解译,借助于Python语言实现CASA模型并将其引入到对岛群红树林生态系统的研究中,得出了不同海岛和红树林生态系统净初级生产力（NPP）的空间分布特征。结果表明：1）可见光波段差异性植被指数（VDVI）可以很好地区分海岛及红树林植被等典型地物,可应用在岛群红树林生态系统NPP的估算上;2）研究区NPP的总量为127.09 t·C/a,NPP的年均碳密度值介于0~1 437.12 g·C/m²,年均碳密度为399.85 g·C/m²。红树林生态系统的NPP值较高,而海岛生态系统的NPP值较低;3）季节尺度上NPP碳密度的大小与年内太阳辐射有直接的关系,夏季的NPP碳密度最大,冬季最小;4）白骨壤的单位面积NPP最大,为1 123.09 g·C/m²,而桐花树最小,为649.65 g·C/m²。红树林生态系统NPP平均碳密度低于实测样地和深圳福田红树林计算结果,这与不同红树林群落的植被光谱特征有关。  相似文献   

沸石分子筛合成的X射线衍射研究     

吴彬  胡宏杰 《地质实验室》1999,15(4):267-269

采用Ｘ射线粉末衍射物相分析方法,对沸石分子筛的合成工艺进行研究,通过原料来源、焙烧时间、碱浓度、结晶时间等诸多对合成的影响的研究,确定最佳的合成条件。  相似文献   

First detection of CYP1A1 and CYP2B induction in Mediterranean cetacean skin biopsies and cultured fibroblasts by Western blot analysis     

Fossi MC  Casini S  Bucalossi D  Marsili L 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(1):3-6

The need to develop powerful tools to detect exposure and effects of POPs and emerging contaminants in Mediterranean cetaceans led us to develop a suite of sensitive non-lethal biomarkers in integument biopsies of free-ranging animals. In order to propose induction of CYP1A1 and CYP2B, detected by Western blot analysis, as biomarkers of exposure to OCs, PAHs and PBDEs, a three-phase experimental protocol (in vitro experiments, calibration experiments and field applications) was followed using fibroblast cell cultures and biopsies of Mediterranean Stenella coeruleoalba and Tursiops truncatus. This methodology was confirmed to be sensitive and stable in comparison to previous methods used to detect CYP1A1 in biopsies, enabling analysis of several inducible proteins in non-lethal samples and analysis of material from stranded animals.  相似文献   

Effects of chemical dispersants and mineral fines on crude oil dispersion in a wave tank under breaking waves     

Li Z  Kepkay P  Lee K  King T  Boufadel MC  Venosa AD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(7):983-993

The interaction of chemical dispersants and suspended sediments with crude oil influences the fate and transport of oil spills in coastal waters. A wave tank study was conducted to investigate the effects of chemical dispersants and mineral fines on the dispersion of oil and the formation of oil-mineral-aggregates (OMAs) in natural seawater. Results of ultraviolet spectrofluorometry and gas chromatography flame ionized detection analysis indicated that dispersants and mineral fines, alone and in combination, enhanced the dispersion of oil into the water column. Measurements taken with a laser in situ scattering and transmissometer (LISST-100X) showed that the presence of mineral fines increased the total concentration of the suspended particles from 4 to 10microl l(-1), whereas the presence of dispersants decreased the particle size (mass mean diameter) of OMAs from 50 to 10microm. Observation with an epifluorescence microscope indicated that the presence of dispersants, mineral fines, or both in combination significantly increased the number of particles dispersed into the water.  相似文献   

一种使用信号强度排序集合的单信标定位算法     

李栋孟  罗海勇  吴彬  陈自力 《测绘文摘》2014,(4)

为了满足室内高精度定位的需求,采用无线局域网物理层细粒度的信道状态信息来建立一个使用信号强度层次化排序集合的单信标定位算法。算法利用室内多径效应导致不同信道接收到的信道状态信息值不同的特性,来建立不同信道之间关系的指纹库,从而确定一个位置。实验结果表明仅仅使用单个信标的信道状态信息值的指纹定位算法的定位性能明显好于使用接收信号强度的定位算法,平均定位精度可以达到0.95m。  相似文献   

吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼日粮中添加植酸酶替代磷酸二氢钙的效果研究     

冯健  吴彬  王斐  彭淇  陈斌  李晓 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(5):1051-1057

本实验研究了吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)大豆粕日粮中添加植酸酶替代磷酸二氢钙的养殖效果。实验设计了共7组实验组日粮,其中实验组1日粮主要蛋白原料为鱼粉;其它6个实验组日粮以大豆粕为主要蛋白原料,植酸酶添加量为日粮的0.1%(酶活性为2000U/g),日粮中分别添加2.5%、2.0%、1.5%、1.0%、0.5%和0%的磷酸二氢钙。每组日粮设计3个平行,每个平行20尾鱼[(1.9±0.1)g],随机饲养于室内水泥池网箱中,实验期为60d。实验结果表明,7个实验组鱼存活率之间没有显著性差异(P0.05);鱼粉日粮组鱼的生长效果与饲料效益、全鱼、鳞片、骨钙、磷含量和粪便磷含量均显著高于大豆粕组鱼(P0.05);实验组2、3、4鱼的特定生长率、脏体指数、肠脂指数、肥满度、鱼体近似值成分无显著性差异(P0.05);实验组2、3、4鱼的全鱼、鳞片和鱼骨钙、磷含量无显著性差异(P0.05),但均显著高于实验组5、6、7鱼(P0.05)。实验结果表明,在以大豆粕为主植物蛋白原料的吉富罗非鱼日粮中添加植酸酶能够增加日粮中的有效磷,减少日粮中40%左右的磷酸二氢钙添加。  相似文献   

矿物—流体界面化学进展     

H.  MF  Jr 吴彬 《华东地质学院学报》1993,16(2):101-104

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