泥石流防治措施与冲击力研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

石振明  吴彬  郑鸿超  彭铭 《地球科学》2022,47(12):4339-4349

泥石流是一种世界范围内各个历史时期均普遍发生的地质灾害现象,尤其频发于地震多发的山地地区,每年均给人民的生命财产造成重大损失.为了应对这种暴发突然,来势凶猛,破坏力强的泥石流灾害,一系列防治措施应运而生.系统总结泥石流的防治措施.泥石流的防治措施可分为结构化措施和非结构化措施.其中结构化措施包括拦挡坝、拦挡网、导流渠、沉淀池和植被防护措施等,其设计依据可通过泥石流冲击力模型获取.泥石流冲击力模型可分为静力模型、动力模型.非结构化措施即建立泥石流预警和预报系统体系.   相似文献   

房山区108国道宝水段地面塌陷成因分析     

黄来源  李远强  李军辉  陈伟  吴彬  赵越 《城市地质》2015,(3):28-33

北京西部山区地面塌陷的形成主要与该区长期以来地下采煤密切相关,煤矿开采形成的地下采空区塌落,导致地面的沉降、陷落,影响地面建筑设施的安全,甚至造成人员伤亡。房山区蒲洼乡辖区内108国道宝水段曾发生地面塌陷灾害,在勘查的基础上,论述了地面塌陷灾害的特征,分析了产生塌陷的主要原因。  相似文献   

Simulation of gaseous diffusion in partially saturated porous media under variable gravity with lattice Boltzmann methods     

Chau JF  Or D  Sukop MC 《Water resources research》2005,41(8):W08410

Liquid distributions in unsaturated porous media under different gravitational accelerations and corresponding macroscopic gaseous diffusion coefficients were investigated to enhance understanding of plant growth conditions in microgravity. We used a single-component, multiphase lattice Boltzmann code to simulate liquid configurations in two-dimensional porous media at varying water contents for different gravity conditions and measured gas diffusion through the media using a multicomponent lattice Boltzmann code. The relative diffusion coefficients (D rel) for simulations with and without gravity as functions of air-filled porosity were in good agreement with measured data and established models. We found significant differences in liquid configuration in porous media, leading to reductions in D rel of up to 25% under zero gravity. The study highlights potential applications of the lattice Boltzmann method for rapid and cost-effective evaluation of alternative plant growth media designs under variable gravity.  相似文献   

Modeling of depuration of paralytic shellfish toxins in Chlamys nobilis and Perna viridis     

Yu KN  Choi MC  Shen X  Wu RS  Wang WX  Lam PK 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(4):474-479

  相似文献   

金矿床元素物理化学性质、地球化学组合和垂直地球化学分带性     

P.  MC 檀国平 《国外铀金地质》1992,(4):24-28

本文研究了金矿指示元素的某些物理化学性质，这些元素常形成典型的地球化学组合和地球化学分带性。计算并推广应用了元素迁移能力指标－熵与离子密度的比值。  相似文献   

Investigation of natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbon inputs in sediments using geochemical markers. I. Santos, SP--Brazil   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Medeiros PM  Bícego MC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(9-10):761-769

A study on the inputs of organic matter to marine sediments of Santos Bay and Estuary, located in southeastern S?o Paulo State, Brazil, is presented here. The following geochemical markers were identified and quantified: aliphatic hydrocarbons (normal and isoprenoid alkanes), petroleum biomarkers, linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Sediment samples, collected at 15 sites in the bay and surrounding channels, were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometer detectors. Total concentrations varied from 0.17 to 107.80 microg g(-1) for aliphatics, from 47.2 to 2560.1 ng g(-1) for petroleum biomarkers, from 16.9 to 430.6 ng g(-1) for LABs and from 79.6 to 15389.1 ng g(-1) for PAHs. Anthropogenic contributions were apparent, indicating the influences of the Cubatao industrial complex, sewage outfalls along the area, the waste deposit of Santos city and storage facilities for petroleum and derivatives, based on the higher concentrations of geochemical markers detected.  相似文献   

A mechanism for anomalous decline in radon precursory to an earthquake     

Kuo MC  Fan K  Kuochen H  Chen W 《Ground water》2006,44(5):642-647

Mechanisms for interpreting anomalous decreases in radon in ground water prior to earthquakes are examined with the help of a case study to show that radon potentially is a sensitive tracer of strain changes in the crust preceding an earthquake. The 2003 Chengkung earthquake of magnitude (M) 6.8 on December 10, 2003, was the strongest earthquake near the Chengkung area in eastern Taiwan since 1951. The Antung radon-monitoring station was located 20 km from the epicenter. Approximately 65 d prior to the 2003 Chengkung earthquake, precursory changes in radon concentration in ground water were observed. Specifically, radon decreased from a background level of 780 pCi/L to a minimum of 330 pCi/L. The Antung hot spring is situated in a fractured block of tuffaceous sandstone surrounded by ductile mudstone. Given these geological conditions, we hypothesized that the dilation of brittle rock mass occurred at a rate faster than the recharge of pore water and gas saturation developed in newly created cracks preceding the earthquake. Radon partitioning into the gas phase may explain the anomalous decrease of radon precursory to the 2003 Chengkung earthquake. To support the hypothesis, vapor-liquid, two-phase radon-partitioning experiments were conducted at formation temperature (60 degrees C) using formation brine from the Antung hot spring. Experimental data indicated that the decrease in radon required a gas saturation of 10% developed in rock cracks. The observed decline in radon can be correlated with the increase in gas saturation and then with the volumetric strain change for a given fracture porosity.  相似文献   

Trace metal contamination and benthic assemblages in Subaé estuarine system, Brazil     

Hatje V  Barros F  Figueiredo DG  Santos VL  Peso-Aguiar MC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(8):982-987

  相似文献   

Ideal width of transects for monitoring source-related categories of plastics on beaches     

de Araújo MC  Santos PJ  Costa MF 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(8):957-961

Although there is a consensus on the necessity of monitoring solid wastes pollution on beaches, the methods applied vary widely. Therefore, creating, testing and recommending a method that not only allows comparisons of places and periods, but also the detection of source signals, will be important to reach the objectives of the source-prevention principle. This will also allow the optimisation of time, resources, and processing of samples and data. A classification of the items found into specific categories was made according to their most probable source/use (fisheries, food packaging, hazardous, sewage/personal hygiene, beach user, general home). This study tested different widths of sampling transects to be used in the detection of plastics contamination on beaches, until all the categories were significantly represented. Each transect had its total width (50m) sub-divided into eight intervals of 0-2.5m; 2.5-5m; 5-10m; 10-15m; 15-20m; 20-30m; 30-40m; and 40-50m. The accumulated number of categories in the 50m (up to 2.5m; up to 5m and so on) was used to determine the minimal width necessary to qualitatively characterize the area regarding plastics contamination. The diversity of the categories was directly related to the area of the sampling transect. These results indicate that a significant increase in the number of categories in the first intervals tend to stabilize from 15-20m onwards.  相似文献   

一次强对流的三维数值模拟分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

张晶晶  于华英  吴彬 《气象与减灾研究》2009,32(1):39-45

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所的完全弹性三维雹云数值模式（IAP—CSM3D）,对2007年7月21日发生在湛江的一次强对流进行数值模拟,分析了强对流的气流结构、垂直涡度、雷达回波及含水量分布变化特征。结果表明,模拟的回波最大强度与雷达实测结果较吻合。模拟的强对流发展阶段气流结构的典型特征为下层水平辐合,上层水平辐散,气流在5km高度发生转向;处于成熟阶段的底层辐合比发展阶段的更强。随着时间的推移,近地层气流先辐合后辐散,下沉辐散气流一直持续到冰雹云消散。模拟的风暴云高含水量中心与强回波中心相对应,出现在上升气流最大区域附近,这说明该风暴云的动力场与物质场配合较好。  相似文献