Factors affecting marine debris deposition at French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument, 1990-2006   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Morishige C  Donohue MJ  Flint E  Swenson C  Woolaway C 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(8):1162-1169

Data on the amount and type of small debris items deposited on the beaches of the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge Tern Island station, French Frigate Shoals were collected over 16 years. We calculated deposition rates and investigated the relationship among deposition and year, season, El Ni?o and La Ni?a events from 1990 to 2006. In total 52,442 debris items were collected with plastic comprising 71% of all items collected. Annual debris deposition varied significantly (range 1116-5195 items) but was not influenced by season. Debris deposition was significantly greater during El Ni?o events as compared to La Ni?a events. Although often deduced to influence floating marine pollution, this study provides the first quantitative evidence of the influence of El Ni?o/La Ni?a cycles on marine debris deposition.  相似文献   

Influence of seasonal variability in benthic invertebrate community structure on the use of biotic indices to assess the ecological status of a Portuguese estuary   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chainho P  Costa JL  Chaves ML  Dauer DM  Costa MJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(10):1586-1597

The present study focused on the use of benthic invertebrate communities to assess the ecological quality of a Portuguese estuary characterized by strong seasonal changes and with eutrophication problems. Seasonal benthic samples were collected during a flood year and the methodology proposed by the WFD Portuguese group was used to classify benthic assemblages into five different quality classes. Factor analysis was applied to classify stations based on their physical-chemical status. Different classifications were obtained with different indices and among seasons and there was low agreement between indices and index-season interactions. Diversity indices were better correlated to eutrophication related variables than AMBI and ABC method. Predictable responses of benthic indices to anthropogenic stress symptoms were stronger during the dry period.  相似文献   

Biodegradation of petroleum products in experimental plots in Antarctic marine sediments is location dependent     

Powell SM  Harvey PM  Stark JS  Snape I  Riddle MJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(4):434-440

Clean sediment collected from O'Brien Bay, East Antarctica, was artificially contaminated with a mix of Special Antarctic Blend diesel fuel and lubricating oil and deployed in two uncontaminated locations (O'Brien and Sparkes Bays) and a previously contaminated bay (Brown Bay) to evaluate whether a history of prior contamination would influence the biodegradation process. Detailed analysis of the hydrocarbon composition in the sediment after 11 weeks revealed different patterns of degradation in each bay. Biodegradation indices showed that hydrocarbon biodegradation occurred in all three bays but was most extensive in Brown Bay. This study shows that even within a relatively small geographical area, the longevity of hydrocarbons in Antarctic marine sediments can be variable. Our results are consistent with faster natural attenuation of spilt oil at sites with previous exposure to oil but further work is needed to confirm this. Such information would be useful when evaluating the true risk and longevity of oils spills.  相似文献   

From policy to practice in developing ecologically sustainable fisheries: reply to Valdimarsson?     

Gray JS  Dayton P  Thrush S  Kaiser MJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(4):491-3; discussion 495-500

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Small plastic debris changes water movement and heat transfer through beach sediments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carson HS  Colbert SL  Kaylor MJ  McDermid KJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(8):1708-1713

We investigated the physical properties of beaches contaminated with plastic fragments. We compared sediment cores from Hawai‘i Island’s Kamilo Beach, notable for plastic accumulation, to cores from a nearby beach. Compared to the nearby beach, Kamilo sediments contained more plastics (up to 30.2% by weight), were coarser-grained, and were more permeable (t-test, p < 0.0001). 85% of the fragments were polyethylene, and 95% were concentrated in the top 15 cm of the cores. We constructed artificial cores of standardized grain size and varying plastic-to-sediment ratios. Adding plastic significantly increased the permeability (ANOVA, p = 0.002), which was partially attributed to the fragments increasing the mean grain size. Sediments with plastic warmed more slowly (16% maximum decrease in thermal diffusivity), and reached lower maximum temperatures (21% maximum increase in heat capacity). These changes have a variety of potential effects on beach organisms, including those with temperature-dependent sex-determination such as sea turtle eggs.  相似文献   

Short-term variability of multiple biomarker response in fish from estuaries: Influence of environmental dynamics   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fonseca VF  França S  Vasconcelos RP  Serafim A  Company R  Lopes B  Bebianno MJ  Cabral HN 《Marine environmental research》2011,72(4):172-178

Short-term variability in biomarker responses and the effects of temperature and salinity variation were explored in three fish species (Dicentrarchus labrax, Solea senegalensis and Pomatoschistus microps) occurring in the Tejo estuary. Short-term variability in biomarkers was observed in all species although no pattern was discerned over time (days to weeks). Antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) showed low temporal variability, indicating some constancy or baseline level in antioxidant responses. Only CAT activity in S.?senegalensis was correlated with temperature, suggesting that exposure to contaminants triggered antioxidant acclimation. Higher short-term variability was observed in xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes activity (phase I ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and phase II glutathione S-transferase (GST)). Yet a significant correlation between EROD and GST in D.?labrax and S.?senegalensis suggests a concomitant response to contaminants. Moreover the lack of correlation between xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes and abiotic variables on concordant time scales, suggest a high specificity of these biomarkers to chemical exposure, rather than high variability due to environmental dynamics.  相似文献   

Molecular and organism biomarkers of copper pollution in the ascidian Pseudodistoma crucigaster     

Agell G  Turon X  De Caralt S  López-Legentil S  Uriz MJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,48(7-8):759-767

We studied the effects of pollution in the colonial ascidian Pseudodistoma crucigaster at organismal and suborganismal levels. Our goal was to find early biomarkers to detect some effect of pollution before changes in community structure or species composition occur. We examined the effect of Cu on the production of heat-shock proteins, defence metabolites, growth rates and presence of resistance forms. We performed a transplant experiment to a Cu polluted harbour and observed negative growth and presence of resistance forms but not depressed production of toxic metabolites or an increase in stress proteins (hsp) in the ascidian. In a laboratory experiment, stress proteins were induced only under half the Cu concentration found in the harbour. We conclude that hsp can be used in this ascidian as an early warning system for sublethal pollution but that the response is inhibited above a threshold of the stressing agent, which may vary among species.  相似文献   

用GPS进行海上石油平台沉降的监测及解释     

Mes.  MJ 古建平 《江苏地矿信息》1998,23(1):22-25

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菲律宾吕宋弧的地球化学和地质背景     

Defa.  MJ 金康辰 《海洋地质译丛》1990,(3):24-33

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A benthic survey of Aliwal Shoal and assessment of the effects of a wood pulp effluent on the reef     

Schleyer MH  Heikoop JM  Risk MJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(5):503-514

Aliwal Shoal lies south of Durban in South Africa and has been the subject of recent bathymetric, seafloor and benthic surveys. ANOVA of the biological data revealed that the biota were uniformly distributed on the reef with the exception of encrusting sponges and algae on rock. The variations in distribution of these biota were significant and, in the case of the encrusting sponges, appeared to be related to the discharge of a wood pulp effluent. Further evidence of this was suggested by stable isotope analyses of representative organisms. The encrusting sponges were recommended as good candidates for further monitoring of the effects of the wood pulp effluent on Aliwal Shoal as the effluent pipeline has been extended.  相似文献