排序方式： 共有144条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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当前地球物理方法正用于评价煤矿的地下应力积累、空洞、裂缝带以及其他地面控制问题。这类问题和更为典型的地震勘探方法在许多方面有所不同。例如，不同于地面地球物理方法，这种层中方法不是用标准的反射或折射，而是反复采用透射的方法来研究煤或采煤区。通常的煤层结构是低速煤层夹于顶部的高速层和岩石底板之间，从而对槽波的出现构成了波导，并有利于对这些槽波的解释。由于远离主管道和横巷而在靠近支柱的地方采掘，使得盖层 相似文献
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Adsorption isotherms and UV-visible and Mossbauer spectroscopic data point to specific interactions between flavomononucleotide (FMN) and Fe(3+)-smectite. The maximum amount of FMN adsorption was 0.3 mmole/g of Fe(3+)-smectite giving a 1:1 molar proportion of Fe3+ and FMN. The results suggest a Fe(3+)-FMN complex residing at the smectite surface. Other homoionic smectites (Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+) exhibited lower levels of adsorption and less apparent specific interaction. 相似文献
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A Greek oil-tanker ran aground, resulting in a huge oil spill along the costal areas of Karachi, Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to assess the lung function and follow up change after one year in subjects exposed to crude oil spill in sea water. It was a cross sectional study with follow up in 20 apparently healthy, non-smoking, male workers, who were exposed to a crude oil spill environment during oil cleaning operation. The exposed group was matched with 31 apparently healthy male control subjects. Pulmonary function test was performed using an electronic Spirometer. Subjects exposed to polluted air have significant reduction in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV(1)), forced expiratory flow (FEF(25-75%)) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) compared to their matched controls. This impairment was reversible and lung functions parameters were improved when the subjects were withdrawn from the polluted air environment. 相似文献
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气体水合物的基本特征,形成条件及成因初探 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
气体水合物为冰雪状笼形包合物,由甲烷（乙烷,二氧化碳等）和水在低温高压下形成。主要有两种结构（结构Ｉ型和结构Ⅱ型）两种成因类型（生物成因和热解成因）。分布于极地永冻层和海底沉积层中,海底温度和压力,地热梯度,气体成分,同生水盐度等控制着水合物稳定带基底的深度和厚度,原地细菌生成模式和流体孔隙扩散模式是两种主要的成因模式。 相似文献
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In situ denitrification relies on indigenous microorganisms to reduce nitrate to N(2) gas. However, when initial nitrate concentrations are large, produced gas volumes also can be very large, potentially resulting in reduced water saturation and hydraulic conductivity in the treatment zone. In this study, we investigated the fate of N(2) and other gases produced during denitrification in a laboratory flow cell containing packed sediment. Denitrifying activity was stimulated by additions of nitrate and ethanol. Microbial activity was monitored by measuring nitrate, nitrite, and ethanol concentrations; gas saturations were measured during the experiment using a gamma imaging system. Biomass was measured using phospholipid fatty acid analysis of sediment samples. Bioenergetic calculations calibrated to measured nitrate consumed and biomass produced predicted that 1.2 L N(2) gas/L water should have been produced following the addition of 100 mM nitrate. However, the maximum measured gas saturation was only 23%, indicating substantial gas loss from the sediment pack. Temporal gamma images and visual observations confirm that small gas bubbles formed in the sediment pack coalesced into larger bubbles and migrated upward through gas-filled channels to the sediment pack surface. Although gas saturations increased, there was no significant change in sediment pack hydraulic conductivity. These results suggest that in permeable reactive barriers used for in situ denitrification, gas production will not necessarily lead to unlimited gas accumulation in the pore space and that the effects of gas production on water saturation and hydraulic conductivity may be relatively minor. 相似文献
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Cozzarelli IM Böhlke JK Masoner J Breit GN Lorah MM Tuttle ML Jaeschke JB 《Ground water》2011,49(5):663-687
Leachate from municipal landfills can create groundwater contaminant plumes that may last for decades to centuries. The fate of reactive contaminants in leachate-affected aquifers depends on the sustainability of biogeochemical processes affecting contaminant transport. Temporal variations in the configuration of redox zones downgradient from the Norman Landfill were studied for more than a decade. The leachate plume contained elevated concentrations of nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC) (up to 300 mg/L), methane (16 mg/L), ammonium (650 mg/L as N), iron (23 mg/L), chloride (1030 mg/L), and bicarbonate (4270 mg/L). Chemical and isotopic investigations along a 2D plume transect revealed consumption of solid and aqueous electron acceptors in the aquifer, depleting the natural attenuation capacity. Despite the relative recalcitrance of NVDOC to biodegradation, the center of the plume was depleted in sulfate, which reduces the long-term oxidation capacity of the leachate-affected aquifer. Ammonium and methane were attenuated in the aquifer relative to chloride by different processes: ammonium transport was retarded mainly by physical interaction with aquifer solids, whereas the methane plume was truncated largely by oxidation. Studies near plume boundaries revealed temporal variability in constituent concentrations related in part to hydrologic changes at various time scales. The upper boundary of the plume was a particularly active location where redox reactions responded to recharge events and seasonal water-table fluctuations. Accurately describing the biogeochemical processes that affect the transport of contaminants in this landfill-leachate-affected aquifer required understanding the aquifer's geologic and hydrodynamic framework. 相似文献
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This study determined the concentrations of major and trace elements in shellfish (oysters, clams and mussels) and conducted an assessment of the health risks due to the consumption of contaminated seafood. Samples were collected at 34 sites along Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil. The elements were determined by ICP OES and Hg by Direct Mercury Analysis. Relatively high concentrations of trace elements (As, Zn, Se and Cu) were found in seafood tissues. Potential daily intake of As, Co, Se, Zn and Cu associated to shellfish consumption suggested relevant non-carcinogenic risk for all studied locations. Copper was the element that posed the greatest non-carcinogenic risk, while Pb posed the highest carcinogenic risk. Health risks for humans were greatest from the consumption of mussels. Contaminated shellfish offer the greatest risk for children, subsistence fishers and subsistence shellfish consumers. 相似文献
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