Numerical investigation of slippage characteristics of normal and reverse faults under fluid injection and production     

Zhiyong Niu  Qi Li  Xiaochen Wei  Xiaying Li  Jianli Ma 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(14):502

Nowadays, a great deal of petroleum geology and engineering projects associated with underground fluid injection and production (FIP) are widely conducted around the world. The FIP engineering may cause complex stress perturbation and trigger seismicity, which have been extensively reported and studied. In this paper, we investigated the fault slippage characteristics influenced by FIP. It reveals that for a fault (normal or reverse) that penetrating through the reservoir into the caprock and underburden, the footwall reservoir is the relatively stable one for fluid injection in a fluid FIP engineering. No matter it is a normal or a reverse fault, injecting fluid into footwall reservoir and producing fluid from the hanging wall reservoir can induce smaller fault slippage. After having determined the better fluid injection–production pattern, we studied the influence of three key factors of fault, i.e., dip, offset and depth, on fault stability. We found that, in our range of study, the influence of single action of fault dip, offset or depth on fault slippage in a FIP engineering was small. However, the influence of the combined effects of the factors may be large. Finally, we studied the effect of different pressure management scenarios on fault responses based on the specific fluid injection–production pattern. The results revealed that appropriate pressure management could effectively reduce fault slippage in a FIP engineering. However, inappropriate pressure management may cause much larger fault slippage. Given these concerns, it is therefore vital that the effect of pressure management scenario to be modeled prior to FIP.  相似文献   

Centroid sliding pyramid method for removability and stability analysis of fractured hard rock     

Wei Wu  Xiaoying Zhuang  Hehua Zhu  Xingen Liu  Guowei Ma 《Acta Geotechnica》2017,12(3):627-644

This paper proposes a new method using centroid sliding pyramid (CSP) to identify the removability and stability of fractured hard rock in tunnel and slope engineering. The new method features two geometrical and topological improvements over the original key block method (KBM). Firstly, all the concave corners are considered as starting points of cutting process when a concave block is divided into a set of convex blocks in the original KBM. Only the concave corners formed by two joint planes are used for partitioning a concave block in the presented method and concave corners with free planes are excluded. Secondly, joint pyramid for removability computation in the original KBM is generated using all of the joint planes, while CSP is calculated only from the joint planes adjoining the free planes. The cone angle θ of CSP is the vectorial angle formed by the two candidate sliding surfaces of this CSP. Removability analysis of a block is transformed into calculating the cone angle of CSP. The geometrical relationship is simplified, and data size for removability computation is reduced compared with the original KBM. The provided method is implemented in a computer program and validated by examples of fractured rock slopes and tunnels.  相似文献   

<Superscript>230</Superscript>Th/<Superscript>238</Superscript>U dating of hydrothermal sulfides from Duanqiao hydrothermal field,Southwest Indian Ridge     

Weifang Yang  Chunhui Tao  Huaiming Li  Jin Liang  Shili Liao  Jiangping Long  Zhibang Ma  Lisheng Wang 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2017,38(1-2):71-83

Duanqiao hydrothermal field is located between the Indomed and Gallieni fracture zones at the central volcano, at 50°28′E in the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). Twenty-eight subsamples from a relict chimney and massive sulfides were dated using the ²³⁰Th/²³⁸U method. Four main episodes of hydrothermal activity were determined according to the restricted results: 68.9–84.3, 43.9–48.4, 25.3–34.8, and 0.7–17.3 kyrs. Hydrothermal activity of Duanqiao probably started about 84.3 (±0.5) kyrs ago and ceased about 0.737 (±0.023) kyrs ago. The periodic character of hydrothermal activity may be related to the heat source provided by the interaction of local magmatism and tectonism. The estimated mean growth rate of the sulfide chimney is <0.02 mm/yr. This study is the first to estimate the growth rate of chimneys in the SWIR. The maximum age of the relict chimney in Duanqiao hydrothermal filed is close to that of the chimneys from Mt. Jourdanne (70 kyrs). The hydrothermal activity in Dragon Flag field is much more recent than that of Duanqiao or Mt. Jourdanne fields. The massive sulfides are younger than the sulfides from other hydrothermal fields such as Rainbow, Sonne and Ashadze-2. The preliminarily estimated reserves of sulfide ores of Duanqiao are approximately 0.5–2.9 million tons.  相似文献   

全球实施碳税政策对碳减排及世界经济的影响评估     

马晓哲  王铮  唐钦能  朱永彬 《气候变化研究进展》2016,12(3):217-229

该研究模拟了全球各区域2008-2050年的经济发展和碳排放状况,并将该模拟结果设定为基准情景。在基准情景中全球GDP随时间增长,而全球的碳排放同样表现出增长趋势。为了模拟碳税政策的减排效应及其对经济的影响,本文构建了其他3种碳税政策情景。情景1,将碳税收入作为一般性财政收入,此时全球升温减缓,世界碳排放下降显著,但中国、印度、俄罗斯、马来西亚和印度尼西亚等发展中国家经济发展严重受创,世界经济不均衡加剧。情景2,将各区域的碳税收入汇总之后按照比例统一分配,该情景下,世界碳减排规模较情景1略有下降,但世界各区域的经济较基准情景得到更好的发展。情景3,碳税税率随时间阶段性增长,此时,碳税政策对全球升温的控制更显著;世界各区域,尤其是发展中国家（地区）,经济增长更迅速。另外,碳税收入用来提升区域技术进步,在一定程度上促进了产业的优化升级。碳税政策与技术进步的协同减排政策,考虑了区域经济发展的不均衡性,兼顾了气候治理的公平性,是一种有效、可行的全球气候治理政策。  相似文献   

Advantages to Geoscience and Disaster Response from QuakeSim Implementation of Interferometric Radar Maps in a GIS Database System     

Jay Parker  Andrea Donnellan  Margaret Glasscoe  Geoffrey Fox  Jun Wang  Marlon Pierce  Yu Ma 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2015,172(8):2295-2304

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Calculation of Moho Depth by Gravity Anomalies in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Based on an Improved Iteration of Parker–Oldenburg Inversion     

Chong Zhang  Danian Huang  Guochao Wu  Guoqing Ma  Yuan Yuan  Ping Yu 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2015,172(10):2657-2668

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Topography-Dependent Eikonal Traveltime Tomography for Upper Crustal Structure Beneath an Irregular Surface   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ting Ma  Zhongjie Zhang 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2015,172(6):1511-1529

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临震天体引潮力和地面长波辐射OLR异常     

任静  康春丽  马未宇  杨天青  林向洋 《中国地震》2015,31(2):447-455

利用天体引潮力周期变化模型和地面长波辐射(OLR)数据资料,分析2010~2011年云南、西藏地区的4次M5.0以上地震震前OLR异常,探讨了诱发地震的外部因素,即天体引潮力周期与红外异常发展的关联特征。结果显示:以临近发震时刻所在周期引潮力值最低点日期为OLR参照背景,获取的地震前后NOAA长波辐射OLR日增量分布图像显示:震中附近热异常明显,异常受构造控制,且其分布与断裂关系密切;异常演化经历起始-加强-高峰-衰减-再增强-发震-平静的过程,符合岩石因应力增加而破裂的规律。一方面表明地应力的临界状态演化过程可通过OLR辐射变化来反映。另一方面表明引潮力可以改变构造内部地应力的状态。  相似文献   

Semiannual and annual oscillations of sea level and their impact on asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña episodes     

Małgorzata Świerczyńska  Tomasz Niedzielski  Wiesław Kosek 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2014,58(2):302-325

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we demonstrate that the asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña events recorded in sea level variation occurs only during extreme episodes of El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Second, we explain that the asymmetry is controlled by certain regular cycles which have time-variable amplitudes. Gridded maps of sea level anomaly that form a spatial-temporal time series (spatial resolution: 1° × 1°, sampling interval: 1 week) spanning the time interval from 14/10/1993 to 18/04/2012 were used. We examined those time series and found that certain regular harmonic signals (periods: 365, 182, 120, 90 and 62 days) are dominant terms of their temporal variability. By subtracting those oscillations from sea level anomaly data, residuals were determined. Using skewness and kurtosis as measures of asymmetry and nonlinearity — after adopting 10-year moving window — we found that the extreme El Niño 1997/1998 has been a dominant driving force of the asymmetry and nonlinearity of El Niño/Southern Oscillation since the end of 1993. In order to detect residual signals that are responsible for the asymmetry, we applied the Fourier Transform Band Pass Filter and found that there are two important oscillations remaining in the residual sea level anomaly data, i.e. the annual and semiannual ones with time-varying amplitudes. We hypothesize that temporarily uneven amplitudes have meaningful impact on the aforementioned asymmetry.  相似文献   

突发性灾害事件信息搜集整理与服务——以汶川地震为例     

马小玲 《国际地震动态》2014,(8):31-34

以汶川地震信息服务为例,从突发性灾害事件不同时期和阶段信息产出的特点、范围以及提供多元化信息综合服务,探索了突发性灾害事件中信息的搜集整理及服务模式。从多角度阐述了突发性灾害事件发生时如何快速捕捉相关信息资料、科学分类整理以及迅速组织起应对性的信息管理与服务,达到为政府和公众赢得减灾实效的目的。  相似文献