Book review     

David Gubbins  Emile A. Okal  Roberto Scarpa  R. E. Anderson  Leszek Czechowski  Rodney W. Page  Bernhard Spörli  Magdalena Kądziałko-Hofmokl  J. A. Majorowicz  Gregory Houseman  Donald L. Turcotte  David F. McTigue  Teng-fong Wong  David Lockner  David V. Wiltschko  David M. Fountain  G. P. Glasby  R. J. Angel  S. J. Gibowicz  Jonathan Franzen  Kacper R. Rybicki  Brian Farrell  Anil Suri  Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz  Witold G. Strupczewski 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,127(4):695-752

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Basin evolution of the northern part of the Northeast German Basin — Insights from a 3D structural model     

Martin Bak Hansen  Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth  Christian Hübscher  Holger Lykke-Andersen  Ali Dehghani  Benjamin Hell  Dirk Gajewski 《Tectonophysics》2007,437(1-4):1-16

A 3D structural model for the entire southwestern Baltic Sea and the adjacent onshore areas was created with the purpose to analyse the structural framework and the sediment distribution in the area. The model was compiled with information from several geological time-isochore maps and digital depth maps from the area and consists of six post-Rotliegend successions: The Upper Permian Zechstein; Lower Triassic; Middle Triassic; Upper Triassic–Jurassic; Cretaceous and Cenozoic. This structural model was the basis for a 3D backstripping approach, considering salt flow as a consequence of spatially changing overburden load distribution, isostatic rebound and sedimentary compaction for each backstripping step in order to reconstruct the subsidence history in the region. This method allows determination of the amount of tectonic subsidence or uplifting as a consequence of the regional stress field acting on the basin and was followed by a correlation with periods of active salt movement. In general, the successions above the highly deformed Zechstein evaporites reveal a thickening trend towards the Glückstadt Graben, which also experienced the highest amount of tectonic subsidence during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Two periods of accelerating salt movement in the area has been correlated with the E–W directed extension during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic and later by the Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic inversion, suggesting that the regional stress field plays a key role in halokinesis. The final part of this work dealt with a neotectonic forward modelling in an attempt to predict the future topography when the system is in a tectonic equilibrium. The result reveals that many of the salt structures in the region are still active and that future coastline will run with a WNW–ESE trend, arguing that the compressional stresses related to the Alpine collision are the prime factor for the present-day landscape evolution.  相似文献   

Magnetic,paleomagnetic and palynologic studies of Paleolithic depositions of the Akhshtyrskaya cave (Russia)     

Genrietta A. Pospelova  Elżbieta Król  Galina M. Levkovskaya  Jadwiga Kruczyk  Magdalena Kądziałko-Hofmokl  Sergey A. Kulakov 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(4):619-639

The paper presents the results of experimental rock-magnetic, paleomagnetic and palynologic study of Paleolithic sediments sampled along two profiles in the Akhshtyrskaya cave, situated in the vicinity of Black Sea shore. In the upper part of profiles, some magnetite was observed; in the middle and lower parts, strongly oxidized non-stoichiometric magnetite and hematite prevail. Thin maghemite covers on the surface of fine magnetite grains are present in the majority of specimens. Natural remanence has one characteristic component (CHRM), mostly of chemical origin, although in few specimens containing magnetite it may be sedimentary. Directions of CHRM obtained by standard paleomagnetic methods revealed anomalous pattern only in layer 3/2, which is slightly older than the overlying layer 3/1 whose age was established as (35±2)×10³ years BP by the U-Th method. This suggests that this paleomagnetic anomaly (PMA) can be correlated with Kargapolovo excursion dated on about (45−39)×10³ years BP. In the remaining overlying and underlying layers, directions of CHRM are grouped around the present geomagnetic field. Depth distributions of scalar magnetic parameters generally coincide with the lithological division of the profiles. Palynologic study revealed the presence of 22 pollen zones. Five thermomers separated with colder periods were found in the middle and lower parts of profile. The non-magnetite composition of magnetic fraction of the majority of studied sediments — oxidized nonstoichiometric magnetite and hematite — resulted in the lack of correlations between paleoclimatic and scalar magnetic characteristics.  相似文献   

Use of Pitzer Equations to Examine the Formation of Mercury(II) Hydroxide and Chloride Complexes in NaClO<Subscript>4</Subscript> Media     

Melchor González-Dávila  J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano  Frank J. Millero 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2007,13(4):339-355

The thermodynamic stability constants for the hydrolysis and formation of mercury (Hg²⁺) chloride complexes have been used to calculate the activity coefficients for Hg(OH) _n ^(2–n)+ and HgCl _n ^(2–n)+ complexes using the Pitzer specific interaction model. These values have been used to determine the Pitzer parameters for the hydroxide and chloro complexes and C _ML). The values of and have been determined for the neutral complexes (Hg(OH)₂ and HgCl₂). The resultant parameters yield calculated values for the measured values of log to  ±0.01 from I  =  0.1 to 3 m at 25°C. Since the activity coefficients of and are in reasonable agreement with the values for Pb(II), we have estimated the effect of temperature on the chloride constants for Hg(II) from 0 to 300°C and I = 0–6 m using the Pitzer parameters for complexes. The resulting parameters can be used to examine the speciation of Hg(II) with Cl⁻ in natural waters over a wide range of conditions.  相似文献   

The application of well logging and seismic modeling to assess the degree of gas saturation in Miocene strata (Carpathian Foredeep, Poland)     

Paweł Marzec  Magdalena Niepsuj  Maria Bała  Kaja Pietsch 《Acta Geophysica》2014,62(1):83-115

The presence of natural gas in the pore space of reservoir rocks results in a significant decrease in P-wave velocity. Even low gas saturation can generate seismic anomalies (DHI) and false image of gas accumulation of economic importance. This article presents an attempt to evaluate gas saturation from 2D seismic section in the Miocene sandstone strata in the south-eastern part of the Carpathian Foredeep. The ESTYMACJA program and the Biot-Gassmann model were used to study the dependence between elastic parameters and saturating fluids (water and gas) recorded in wells. Series of calculations was carried out using a method of fluid substitution for various gas saturation. The applicability of seismic data for evaluating gas saturation of reservoir beds was assessed with the use of 1D modelling (synthetic seismograms) and 2D modelling (theoretical seismic section) calculated for different gas saturation. The proposed methodology can be used to identify low and high gas-saturated zones and contour the reservoir.  相似文献   

The use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for detection of PAHs in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pfannkuche J  Lubecki L  Schmidt H  Kowalewska G  Kronfeldt HD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(3):614-626

A field operable surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor system was applied for the first time under real conditions for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as markers for petroleum hydrocarbons in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea). At six stations, seawater samples were taken, and the sensor system was applied in situ simultaneously. These measurements were compared to the results of conventional GC/MS laboratory analysis of the PAH concentrations in the seawater samples. For a PAH concentration above 150 ng(12PAH)l(-1), there was agreement between the SERS sensor and the GC/MS determinations. A standard addition experiment yielded a PAH concentration of 900 ng l(-1) at the Gdańsk Harbor, which was of the same order as the GC/MS determinations of 12PAHs (200 ng(12PAH)l(-1)). The high SERS detection limit for seawater samples is explained by the competition for PAHs between the sensor membrane and particulate matter surfaces. Thus, the SERS sensor can be applied, e.g., as a non-quantitative alarm sensor for relatively high PAH concentrations in heavily polluted waters. The spectral unmixing procedure applied for Gdańsk Harbor water confirmed the presence of phenanthrene at the highest concentration ([Phe]=140 ngl(-1)) and of Chr (2.7 ng l(-1)), but it did not detect the other PAHs present in the Gdańsk Harbor water, as determined by GC/MS. When compared to the past literature and databases, the SERS spectra indicated the presence of a mixture of molecules consisting of carotenoids, n-alkanes, amines or fatty acids, and benzimidazoles at the coastal station ZN2. The spectra in the offshore direction indicated carboxylic acids. Interpretation of the farthest offshore in situ SERS measurements is difficult, principally due to the limited availability of reference spectra. The detection of the lower PAH concentrations commonly found in Baltic coastal water needs further research and development to obtain better sensitivity of the SERS sensor. However, the high analytical specificity of the SERS sensor also allows the detection of other chemical species that require the development of a SERS/Raman library for specific in situ spectral interpretation.  相似文献   

The ∼AD 1250 effusive eruption of El Metate shield volcano (Michoacán,Mexico): magma source,crustal storage,eruptive dynamics,and lava rheology     

Magdalena Oryaëlle Chevrel  Marie-Noëlle Guilbaud  Claus Siebe 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2016,78(4):32

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Magnetic structure of polluted soil profiles from Eastern Ukraine     

Maria Jeleńska  Agata Hasso-Agopsowicz  Magdalena Kądziałko-Hofmokl  Barbara Kopcewicz  Anatoliy Sukhorada  Ksenija Bondar  Zhanna Matviishina 《Acta Geophysica》2008,56(4):1043-1064

Our study concerned magnetic properties of soil profiles taken from polluted regions of Eastern Ukraine around the industrial centres Krivyj Rig, Mariupol and Komsomolsk. Soils represent chernozem and podzoluvisol. The low-field magnetic susceptibility shows enhancement in the topsoil caused by contamination by coarse-grain magnetite connected with industrial pollution. Magnetic mineralogy was determined by means of thermal demagnetisation of SIRM, monitoring of susceptibility changes during warming from ?196°C to room temperature and heating to 700°C, and Mössbauer analysis. Granulometry of magnetic particles was investigated by determination of hysteresis parameters, susceptibility, M _s , SIRM and ARM ratios and frequency dependence of susceptibility. The chemical parameters, namely pH, organic carbon and iron content in different pedogenic and lithogenic minerals, measured for particular horizons determined pedogenic characteristic of soil profiles. Our study showed that differences in magnetic parameters of non-polluted and polluted soil profiles are not limited to the topsoil, but reach deep layers of the parent material. Industrial pollution promotes formation of the so-called “pedogenic” SP and SD particles in these layers.  相似文献   

Application of Mineral‐Based Amendments for Enhancing Phytostabilization in Lolium perenne L. Cultivation          下载免费PDF全文

Maja Radziemska  Ayla Bilgin  Magdalena D. Vaverková 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(1)

An experimental investigation is conducted to explore the suitability of Lolium perenne L., diatomite, chalcedonite, dolomite, and limestone for the phytostabilization of Ni and Cu in contaminated soil. A controlled greenhouse study is conducted. The soil is enriched with rising dose of Cu and Ni, that is, (0, 150, 250, and 350 mg kg^?1) and (0, 150, 300, and 450 mg kg^?1), respectively. The phytostabilization potential of perennial ryegrass is evaluated using a bioaccumulation coefficient and translocation factor. Pseudo‐total and available metal content (0.01 M CaCl₂) in soils and bioaccumulated content in plants are defined in laboratory experiments using spectrophotometry experimental technique. L. perenne is adequate in phytostabilization aided programs, simultaneously, diatomite, chalcedonite, dolomite, and limestone used as modifiers are effective in reducing the accessibility and mobility of metals in Cu‐ and Ni‐polluted soils. The finding of the present study suggests that the studied element in the roots and above‐ground parts of L. perenne differs significantly upon applying mineral‐based modifications to the soil, synchronously the effect of increasing Cu and Ni levels. Application of dolomite and limestone to the soil cause the highest percentage of the above‐ground biomass. Diatomite along with limestone cause a significant boost of Cu and Ni absorption in the roots. Limestone causes an increase in the contents of K, Na, and Ca, as well as a reduction in P in the above‐ground parts of L. perenne. Limestone and chalcedonite leads to the highest decrease in available Cu and Ni.  相似文献   

A novel approach to the quantitative interpretation of petrophysical parameters using nano-CT: example of Paleozoic carbonates     

Edyta Puskarczyk  Paulina Krakowska  Mariusz Jędrychowski  Magdalena Habrat  Paweł Madejski 《Acta Geophysica》2018,66(6):1453-1461

The main goal was the analysis of parameters describing the structure of the pore space of carbonate rocks, based on tomographic images. The results of CT images interpretation, made for 17 samples of Paleozoic carbonate rocks were shown. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of a pore system was performed. Objects were clustered according to the pore size. Within the clusters, the geometry parameters were analysed. The following dependences were obtained for carbonate rocks, also for individual clusters (due to the volume): (1) a linear relationship (on a bilogarithmic scale) between the specific surface and the Feret diameter and (2) a strong linear relationship between specific surface area and Feret diameter and average diameter of the objects calculated for the sphere. The results were then combined with available results from standard laboratory tests, including NMR and MICP.  相似文献