Hindcasting community-level building damage for the 2011 Joplin EF5 tornado     

Navid Attary  John W. van de Lindt  Hussam Mahmoud  Steve Smith  Christopher M. Navarro  Yong Wook Kim  Jong Sung Lee 《Natural Hazards》2018,93(3):1295-1316

Resiliency of communities prone to natural hazards can be enhanced through the use of risk-informed decision-making tools. These tools can provide community decision makers key information, thereby providing them the ability to consider an array of mitigation and/or recovery strategies. The Center for Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning, headquartered at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, developed an Interdependent Networked Community Resilience (IN-CORE) computational environment. The purpose of developing this computational environment is to build a decision-support system, for professional risk planners and emergency responders, but even more focused on allowing researchers to explore community resilience science. The eventual goal was being to integrate a broad range of scientific, engineering and observational data to produce a detailed assessment of the potential impact of natural and man-made hazards for risk mitigation, planning and recovery purposes. The developing computational environment will be capable of simulating the effects from different natural hazards on the physical and socioeconomic sectors of a community, accounting for interdependencies between the sectors. However, in order to validate this computational tool, hindcasting of a real event was deemed necessary. Therefore, in this study, the community of Joplin, Missouri in the USA, which was hit by an EF-5 tornado on May 22, 2011, is modeled in the IN-CORE v1.0 computational environment. An explanation of the algorithm used within IN-CORE is also provided. This tornado was the costliest and deadliest single tornado in the USA in the last half century. Using IN-CORE, by uploading a detailed topological dataset of the community and the estimated tornado path combined with recently developed physics-based tornado fragilities, the damage caused by the tornado to all buildings in the city of Joplin was estimated. The results were compared with the damage reported from field studies following the event. This damage assessment was done using three hypothetical idealized tornado scenarios, and results show very good correlation with observed damage which will provide useful information to decision makers for community resilience planning.  相似文献   

Stability analysis and optimization of the support system of an underground powerhouse cavern considering rock mass variability     

Mahmoud Behnia  Masoud Cheraghi Seifabad 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(18):645

Input parameters, such as rock mass strength parameters and deformation modulus, considered in the design of underground openings involve some uncertainty. The current uncertainty in these parameters is due to the inherent variability of these parameters. To quantify these parameters and design underground openings, the statistical methods must be utilized. In this research, a statistical method was used to define the GSI of rock mass (Geological Strength Index), block volume (V_b), and joint conditions (J_c). Using the GSI distribution function obtained from field data and intact rock strength characteristics, the statistical distribution functions of rock mass parameters were defined using the Monte Carlo method. The statistical analysis of the stability in Azad-pumped storage powerhouse cavern was carried out through the point estimate method. The appropriate support system was suggested according to the support pressure and the plastic zone around the cavern. This study showed the application of the statistical method, by combining the uncertainties of the intact rock strength and discontinuity parameters, in the assessment of the strength and deformability of rock masses and the support selection process in comparison with the deterministic methods.  相似文献   

Cyclostratigraphy across a Mississippian carbonate ramp in the Esfahan–Sirjan Basin,Iran: implications for the amplitudes and frequencies of sea-level fluctuations along the southern margin of the Paleotethys     

Bayet-Goll  Aram  Esfahani  Fariba Shirezadeh  Daraei  Mehdi  Monaco  Paolo  Sharafi  Mahmoud  Mohammadi  Amir Akbari 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,107(6):2233-2263

International Journal of Earth Sciences - The Tournaisian–Visean carbonate successions of the Esfahan–Sirjan Basin (ESB) from Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, Iran, have been used to...  相似文献   

Evidence of Quaternary active folding near Utique (Northeast Tunisia) from tectonic observations and a seismic profile     

Lassaad Mejri  Vincent Regard  Sébastien Carretier  Stéphane Brusset  Mahmoud Dlala 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(11):864-872

The present-day seismicity in northeastern Tunisia reported from permanent networks is of low to moderate magnitude. However, earthquakes are mentioned in the literature, specially a destructive one in the antique city of Utique. Geologic, seismic, and neotectonic investigations in this area show that the Utique fold is closely related to the recent tectonic activity in this region. Data show that the Utique fold is built on an east-west fault, and we found evidence of activity of this fault in the past 20 kyr. A seismic section and balanced cross-section show that the slip rate is of the order of 0.38 mm.yr⁻¹. Our data show definitively the Late Pleistocene–Holocene activity of the Utique Fault; and we can predict the earthquake recurrence interval which should be of ∼10³–10⁴ yr. This high seismic risk zone deserves to be taken into account during the establishment of important regional development programs and in the application of seismic building codes.  相似文献   

Effect of nonthermality of ions on the nature of dust acoustic waves in two temperatures charged dusty grains     

S. A. Elwakil  A. Elgarayhi  E. K. El-Shewy  Abeer A. Mahmoud  M. A. El-Attafi 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2013,343(2):661-666

Effect of nonthermality of ions on the propagation of dust-acoustic waves (DAWs) in unmagnetized plasma having electrons, singly charged ions, hot and cold dust grains have been investigated. The reductive perturbation method is employed to reduce the basic set of fluid equations to the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. Moreover, the energy of two temperatures charged dusty grains were computed. The present investigation can be of relevance to the electrostatic solitary structures observed in various space plasma environments.  相似文献   

Isotopic composition of rainfall and ground-water recharge in the western province of Saudi Arabia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mahmoud S. Alyamani 《Journal of Arid Environments》2001,49(4):751

The oxygen-18 and deuterium isotopic compositions of rainfall from eight meteorological stations are discussed. The results show that the stable isotope distribution of the rainfall over the western province display a difference in isotopic ratios, which can be attributed to the altitude effect and water vapour sources, and to some extent, to rainfall amount. The changes of δ¹⁸O and δ D contents with altitude are −0·08 and −0·38‰ per 100 m respectively. Comparison of the isotopic analyses of rainfall and local ground-water and springs indicates that the monsoon derived rainfall that prevails during the autumn season plays a crucial role in alluvial aquifer recharge. Although Atlantic water vapour can arrive virtually throughout the area in winter months, its influence seems to be of minor importance to the water balance in the study area.  相似文献   

Mercury pollution of Mediterranean sediments around Alexandria,Egypt     

Mahmoud Kh. El-Sayed  Youssef Halim  Hassan M. Abdel-Kader  Mohamed H. Moeness 《Marine pollution bulletin》1979,10(3):84-86

Elemental mercury is associated with industrial wastes discharged through the main effluent pipe of the Chlorine-Alkali plant at El-Max area west of Alexandria. The minimal mercury value of 0.1 ppm dry weight is assumed to be the background level for uncontaminated sediments in the area. Mercury level ranged from 8.02 to 15.5 ppm in the beach sands from the polluted area beyond the plant, and from 0.14 to 1.4 ppm in the bottom sediments off Alexandria.The Chlorine-Alkali plant is obviously the major source of mercury pollution. The contribution of land drainage, agricultural and domestic wastes is insignificant.  相似文献   

Reservoir associated characteristics using deterministic chaos in Aswan,Nurek and Koyna reservoirs     

H. N. Srivastava  S. N. Bhattacharya  K. C. Sinha Ray  S. M. Mahmoud  S. Yunga 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,145(1):209-217

Nurek, Aswan and Koyna reservoirs were affected by moderate earthquakes with continuing seismic activity. Microearthquake data recorded through local networks have been used to determine the strange attractor dimensions, using deterministic chaos which were found as 7,2, 3.8 and 4.8, respectively. This would imply that while 8 parameters are needed to model earthquakes near Nurek reservoir, only 4 to 5 parameters are needed for the Aswan and Koyna regions. The differences in the strange attractor dimension suggest them to be a measure of seismotectonics around such reservoirs.  相似文献   

Precision rectification of high resolution satellite imagery without ephemeris data     

Saeid Sadeghian  Mohammad Javad Valadan Zoej  Mahmoud Reza Delavar  Ahmad Abootalebi 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2001,3(4):366

The huge capability of high resolution satellite imageries (HRSI), that includes spatial, spectral, temporal and radiometric resolutions as well as stereoscopic vision introduces them as a powerful new source for the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and GIS communities. High resolution data increases the need for higher accuracy of data modeling. The satellite orbit, position, attitude angles and interior orientation parameters have to be adjusted in the geometrical model to achieve optimal accuracy with the use of a minimum number of Ground Control Points (GCPs). But most high resolution satellite vendors do not intend to publish their sensor models and ephemeris data. There is consequently a need for a range of alternative, practical approaches for extracting accurate 2D and 3D terrain information from HRSI. The flexibility and good accuracy of the alternative models demonstrated with KFA-1000 and the well-known SPOT level 1A images. A block of eight KFA-1000 space photos in two strips with 60% longitudinal overlap and 15% lateral sidelap and SPOT image with rational function, DLT, 2D projective, polynomials, affine, conformal, multiquadric and finite element methods were used in the test. The test areas cover parts of South and West of Iran. Considering the quality of GCPs, the best result was found with the DLT method with a RMSE of 8.44 m for the KFA-1000 space photos.  相似文献   

Driving behavior of stepped and tapered offshore piles due to hammer blows     

Omid Tavasoli  Mahmoud Ghazavi 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(6):633-646

Abstract

In this article, the drivability of stepped and tapered offshore piles with the same length and volume has been investigated under hammer blows. To justify the obtained results from field testing and numerical methods, this pile driving procedure has been analyzed and discussed with wave propagation mechanism. It will be shown that tapered pile can be confidently idealized as a number of prismatic segments connected rigidly to each other. This is an interesting finding that fully tapered or stepped piles have a better performance in pile driving and enable users to apply simple one dimensional numerical analysis for simulating pile drivability.  相似文献