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31.
C K Unnikrishnan John P George Abhishek Lodh Devesh Kumar Maurya Swapan Mallick E N Rajagopal Saji Mohandas 《Journal of Earth System Science》2016,125(5):935-944
Surface level soil moisture from two gridded datasets over India are evaluated in this study. The first one is the UK Met Office (UKMO) soil moisture analysis produced by a land data assimilation system based on Extended Kalman Filter method (EKF), which make use of satellite observation of Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) soil wetness index as well as the screen level meteorological observations. Second dataset is a satellite soil moisture product, produced by National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) using passive microwave Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 measurements. In-situ observations of soil moisture from India Meteorological Department (IMD) are used for the validation of the gridded soil moisture products. The difference between these datasets over India is minimum in the non-monsoon months and over agricultural regions. It is seen that the NRSC data is slightly drier (0.05%) and UKMO soil moisture analysis is relatively wet during southwest monsoon season. Standard AMSR-2 satellite soil moisture product is used to compare the NRSC and UKMO products. The standard AMSR-2 and UKMO values are closer in monsoon season and AMSR-2 soil moisture is higher than UKMO in all seasons. NRSC and AMSR-2 showed a correlation of 0.83 (significant at 0.01 level). The probability distribution of IMD soil moisture observation peaks at 0.25 m3/m3, NRSC at 0.15 m3/m3, AMSR-2 at 0.25 m3/m3 and UKMO at 0.35 m3/m3 during June–September period. Validation results show UKMO analysis has better correlation with in-situ observations compared to the NRSC and AMSR-2 datasets. The seasonal variation in soil moisture is better represented in UKMO analysis. Underestimation of soil moisture during monsoon season over India in NRSC data suggests the necessity of incorporating the actual vegetation for a better soil moisture retrieval using passive microwave sensors. Both products have good agreement over bare soil, shrubs and grassland compared to needle leaf tree, broad leaf tree and urban land cover types. 相似文献
32.
Alqadhi Saeed Mallick Javed Talukdar Swapan Ahmed Mohd. Khan Roohul Abad Sarkar Showmitra Kumar Rahman Atiqur 《Natural Hazards》2022,111(1):641-660
Natural Hazards - Co-occurrence events of droughts and heatwaves characterized by abnormal low soil moisture (SM) and high temperatures may cause more significant impacts on society and natural... 相似文献
33.
Khan Nafis Sadik Roy Sujit Kumar Mazumder Md. Touhidur Rahman Talukdar Swapan Mallick Javed 《Natural Hazards》2022,114(1):883-906
Natural Hazards - The confluence of the Ganges, Jamuna, and Padma rivers is one of the most dynamic in the world, an internationally important research area because of the confluence of two of the... 相似文献
34.
Yogesh Kant B. D. Bharath Javed Mallick Clement Atzberger Norman Kerle 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2009,37(2):201-214
The knowledge of the surface temperature is important to a range of issues and themes in earth sciences central to urban climatology,
global environmental change and human-environment interactions. The study analyses land surface temperature (LST) estimation
using temporal ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) datasets (day time and night time) over
National Capital Territory Delhi using the surface emissivity information at pixel level. The spatial variations of LST over
different land use/land cover (LU/LC) at day time and night time were analysed and relationship between the spatial distribution
of LU/LC and vegetation density with LST was developed. Minimum noise fraction (MNF) was used for LU/LC classification which
gave better accuracy than classification with original bands. The satellite derived emissivity values were found to be in
good agreement with literature and field measured values. It was observed that fallow land, waste land/bare soil, commercial/industrial
and high dense built-up area have high surface temperature values during day time, compared to those over water bodies, agricultural
cropland, and dense vegetation. During night time high surface temperature values are found over high dense built-up, water
bodies, commercial/industrial and low dense built-up than over fallow land, dense vegetation and agricultural cropland. It
was found that there is a strong negative correlation between surface temperature and NDVI over dense vegetation, sparse vegetation
and low dense built-up area while with fraction vegetation cover, it indicates a moderate negative correlation. The results
suggest that the methodology is feasible to estimate NDVI, surface emissivity and surface temperature with reasonable accuracy
over heterogeneous urban area. The analysis also indicates that the relationship between the spatial distribution of LU/LC
and vegetation density is closely related to the development of urban heat islands (UHI). 相似文献
35.
Mallick Javed Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Ghose Bonosri Islam H. M. Touhidul Rana Yousuf Hu Zhenghua Bhat Shakeel Ahmed Pal Subodh Chandra Ismail Zulhilmi Bin 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,147(1-2):307-324
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - The rise in the frequency and magnitude of extreme temperature phenomena across the globe has led to the recurrent incidence of global climate hazards, which... 相似文献
36.
Javed Mallick Ram Karan Singh Mohammed A. AlAwadh Saiful Islam Roohul Abad Khan Mohamed Noor Qureshi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(7):276
Landslides are natural geological disasters causing massive destructions and loss of lives, as well as severe damage to natural resources, so it is essential to delineate the area that probably will be affected by landslides. Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) is making increasing implications for GIS-based spatial analysis in combination with multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) methods. It is considered to be an effective tool to understand natural disasters related to mass movements and carry out an appropriate risk assessment. This study is based on an integrated approach of GIS and statistical modelling including fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP), weighted linear combination and MCE models. In the modelling process, eleven causative factors include slope aspect, slope, rainfall, geology, geomorphology, distance from lineament, distance from drainage networks, distance from the road, land use/land cover, soil erodibility and vegetation proportion were identified for landslide susceptibility mapping. These factors were identified based on the (1) literature review, (2) the expert knowledge, (3) field observation, (4) geophysical investigation, and (5) multivariate techniques. Initially, analytical hierarchy process linked with the fuzzy set theory is used in pairwise comparisons of LSM criteria for ranking purposes. Thereafter, fuzzy membership functions were carried out to determine the criteria weights used in the development of a landslide susceptibility map. These selected thematic maps were integrated using a weighted linear combination method to create the final landslide susceptibility map. Finally, a validation of the results was carried out using a sensitivity analysis based on receiver operator curves and an overlay method using the landslide inventory map. The study results show that the weighted overlay analysis method using the FAHP and eigenvector method is a reliable technique to map landslide susceptibility areas. The landslide susceptibility areas were classified into five categories, viz. very low susceptibility, low susceptibility, moderate susceptibility, high susceptibility, and very high susceptibility. The very high and high susceptibility zones account for 15.11% area coverage. The results are useful to get an impression of the sustainability of the watershed in terms of landsliding and therefore may help decision makers in future planning and mitigation of landslide impacts. 相似文献
37.
Javed Mallick Ram Karan Singh Roohul Abad Khan Chander Kumar Singh Nabil Ben Kahla Essam Ibrahim Warrag Saiful Islam Atiqur Rahman 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(9):215
The mountainous region of Aseer, corresponding to the Afromontane phytogeographic region, is an eco-sensitive zone and has complex relationship between topography and rainfall. The region is located inland of the red sea escarpment edge in the west. Therefore, rainfall can occur during any month of the year in the mountain of the high Aseer region when moist air forces up the escarpment from the red sea. Monitoring the rainfall data and its topographical elevation variable in Aseer region is an essential requirement for feasible and accurate rainfall-based data for different applications, such as hydrological and ecological resource management in rugged terrain and remote areas. The relationship of elevation and rainfall are spatially non-stationary, non-linear, scale dependent, and often modelled by conventional regression models. Therefore, a local modelling technique, geographically weighted regression (GWR), was applied to deal with non-stationary, non-linear, scale-dependent problems. The GWR using topoclimatic data (elevation and rainfall) to analyse the cumulative rainfall data for rainy months (March to June) of the 4 years estimated from CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations) product for Aseer region. The bandwidth (scale-size) of the Aseer region rainfall–elevation relationship has stabilised at round off 12 km. By selecting the suitable bandwidth, the spatial pattern of the rainfall–elevation relationship was significantly enhanced by using the GWR than the traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model. GWR local modelling techniques estimated well in terms of accuracy, predictive power and decreased residual autocorrelation. Additionally, GWR assesses the significance of local statistic at each location and identified the location of spatial clusters with local regression coefficients significantly improved as compared with global OLS model, thereby highlighting local variations. Therefore, the GWR, local modelling approach managed to produce more accurate estimates by taking into account local characteristics. 相似文献
38.
Monalisa Mallick Suryendu Dutta Paul F. Greenwood Norbert Bertram 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,74(1):16-22
The molecular structure of an Eocene fossil resin (Vastan, Cambay basin, Western India) has been investigated with complimentary
spectroscopic techniques. The FTIR spectrum shows strong aliphatic CH
x
(3000–2800 and 1460–1450 cm−1) and CH3 (1377 cm−1) absorptions and less intense aromatic C=C (1560–1610 cm−1) absorptions. The major products from analytical pyrolysis are cadalene based bicyclic sesquiterpenoids including some bicadinenes
and bicadinanes. The polycadinane products confirm the fossil material as an Angiosperm dammar resin, associated with inputs
of tropical rain forests supported by past climates. 相似文献
39.
A new scheme is put forward based on the shape function concept of finite element approximation to compute regional gravity
anomaly. The uniqueness of this approach is that excepting eight (or twelve) discrete gravity measurements coinciding with
the eight (or twelve) nodes of a quadratic (or cubic) isoparametric element superimposing the map space, often very large,
no other observed gravity data are invoked to compute the regional. Tests on two Bouguer gravity fields, an oil prospect and
a rift valley confirmed better resolution by this approach. This technique is straight forward, uses simple mathematics to
be easily automated and yields repeatable results. 相似文献
40.
Hetu C. Sheth George Mathew Kanchan Pande Soumen Mallick Balaram Jena 《Journal of Earth System Science》2004,113(4):831-838
Rootless cones, also (erroneously) called pseudocraters, form due to explosions that ensue when a lava flow enters a surface
water body, ice, or wet ground. They do not represent primary vents connected by vertical conduits to a subsurface magma source.
Rootless cones in Iceland are well studied. Cones on Mars, morphologically very similar to Icelandic rootless cones, have
also been suggested to be rootless cones formed by explosive interaction between surface lava flows and ground ice. We report
here a group of gentle cones containing nearly circular craters from Mount Pavagadh, Deccan volcanic province, and suggest
that they are rootless cones. They are very similar morphologically to the rootless cones of the type locality of Myvatn in
northeastern Iceland. A group of three phreatomagmatic craters was reported in 1998 from near Jabalpur in the northeastern
Deccan, and these were suggested to be eroded cinder cones. A recent geophysical study of the Jabalpur craters does not support
the possibility that they are located over volcanic vents. They could also be rootless cones. Many more probably exist in
the Deccan, and volcanological studies of the Deccan are clearly of value in understanding planetary basaltic volcanism. 相似文献