全文获取类型
收费全文 | 478篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 10篇 |
大气科学 | 58篇 |
地球物理 | 74篇 |
地质学 | 164篇 |
海洋学 | 47篇 |
天文学 | 105篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
自然地理 | 33篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 9篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 24篇 |
2007年 | 23篇 |
2006年 | 19篇 |
2005年 | 15篇 |
2004年 | 31篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 13篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1956年 | 2篇 |
1955年 | 2篇 |
1935年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有493条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
31.
32.
E. Bruce Watson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1982,80(1):73-87
Chemical interaction between molten basalt and felsic minerals of the continental crust (quartz, K-feldspar, and oligoclase) was examined in static and dynamic experiments at 1,200°–1,400° C. Under circumstances of continuous stirring at 1,400°, -quartz dissolves in tholeiite melt at a rate of 3.3×10–6 g/s per cm2 of contact area; at 1,300°, the solution rate is 1.5×10–6 g/cm{cm2}s. The feldspars are molten at the experimental conditions, and interact with contacting basalt melt by diffusion in the liquid state. This is a complex process characterized by rapid initial diffusion of alkalies to establish a distribution between felsic melt and basalt similar to that observed in cases of actual two-liquid equilibrium (both alkalies reach concentrations in the felsic melt 1.5–3 times those in the basalt). Alkali diffusion may be uphill or downhill, depending on which direction of net flux is required to produce a two-liquid type distribution. Once this distribution is attained, subsequent diffusion of all melt species is slow and apparently limited by the diffusivity of SiO2, which is 10–9-l0–10 cm2/s at 1,200° C. Interdiffusion experiments involving molten basalt and synthetic granite confirm the behavior illustrated by the feldspar/basalt results, and give similar SiO2 diffusivities.The solution rates and interdiffusion data can be used to model basalt contamination processes likely to occur in the continental crust. For the restricted case of solid quartzitic xenoliths, the uptake of SiO2 in a well-mixed basalt magma is quite fast: appreciable SiO2 contamination may occur over exposure times of only days to years. If basalt magma induces local melting of crustal rocks, the assimilation process becomes one of liquid-state interdiffusion. In this case, the varying diffusivities of ions and their differing preferences for silicic relative to basaltic melts can produce marked selective contamination effects. Selective contamination of ascending basaltic magmas is particularly likely in the case of K2O, which may be introduced in substantial amounts even when other elements remain unaffected. The Na2O content of mantle-derived magmas is buffered against contamination by crustal materials, and K2O is buffered against further increases once it reaches a level of 1–1.5 wt.%. 相似文献
33.
The two-dimensional distribution of 26Al across a slice of the Estacado meteorite was measured using non-destructive γ-γ coincidence counting. The maximum activity was found to be 60 ± 2 dpm kg?1 and the variation across the slice rather small. The intensity and distribution are in moderate agreement with existing theoretical models if the pre-atmospheric shape of the meteorite had been a sphere of radius 0.35 ± 0.05 m, but it was more likely to have been slightly non-spherical. 相似文献
34.
Zircon saturation revisited: temperature and composition effects in a variety of crustal magma types 总被引:38,自引:0,他引:38
Hydrothermal experiments in the temperature range 750–1020°C have defined the saturation behavior of zircon in crustal anatectic melts as a function of both temperature and composition. The results provide a model of zircon solubility given by: In DZrzircon/melt= ?3.80?[0.85(M?1)]+12900/T where DZrzircon/melt is the concentration ratio of Zr in the stoichiometric zircon to that in the melt, T is the absolute temperature, and M is the cation ratio (Na + K + 2Ca)/(Al · Si). This solubility model is based principally upon experiments at 860°, 930°, and 1020°C, but has also been confirmed at temperatures up to 1500°C for M = 1.3. The lowest temperature experiments (750° and 800°C) yielded relatively imprecise, low solubilities, but the measured values (with assigned errors) are nevertheless in agreement with the predictions of the model.For M = 1.3 (a normal peraluminous granite), these results predict zircon solubilities ranging from ~ 100 ppm dissolved Zr at 750°C to 1330 ppm at 1020°C. Thus, in view of the substantial range of bulk Zr concentrations observed in crustal granitoids (~ 50–350 ppm), it is clear that anatectic magmas can show contrasting behavior toward zircon in the source rock. Those melts containing insufficient Zr for saturation in zircon during melting can have achieved that condition only by consuming all zircon in the source. On the other hand, melts with higher Zr contents (appropriate to saturation in zircon) must be regarded as incapable of dissolving additional zircon, whether it be located in the residual rocks or as crystals entrained in the departing melt fraction. This latter possibility is particularly interesting, inasmuch as the inability of a melt to consume zircon means that critical geochemical “indicators” contained in the undissolved zircon (e.g. heavy rare earths, Hf, U, Th, and radiogenic Pb) can equilibrate with the contacting melt only by solid-state diffusion, which may be slow relative to the time scale of the melting event. 相似文献
35.
Efficient updating of kriging estimates and variances 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This short note presents a method for efficiently updating ordinary kriging estimates and variances when one or more additional samples are incorporated into the kriging system. First, the foundation linear algebra result is presented. Then the update equations are derived. Finally, an illustrative application of updating is briefly discussed. 相似文献
36.
Since the early 1970s the Australian economy has undergone major transformations common to other western industrialised countries. Jobs in manufacturing declined precipitately whilst the service economy grew, most significantly in producer services but also in lower skilled jobs. Tourism and services exports began to rival traditional agricultural and mining staples. Social outcomes, also typical of international trends, included rising unemployment and polarisation of incomes. Australia's changing global context, especially the nation's increasing orientation towards Asian growth economies, have underpinned restructuring. A political climate of economic rationalism has facilitated and accentuated restructuring. The economic shifts of the past quarter century have meant that everywhere the basis for economic growth has changed. Overlaying and reinforcing the re-definition of competitive advantage has been a shift in the pattern of agglomeration economies and diseconomies. New growth regions have emerged, others have had their prospects reinforced, and still others have had their outlook diminished in absolute or, more commonly, relative terms. The paper traces the regional outcomes of national economic restructuring and shifts in the balance of agglomeration economies and diseconomies over the period from 1971 to 1991. The focus is on the top end of the urban hierarchy, on specialised industrial cities where job loss from manufacturing has hit hard, amenity regions where international and domestic tourism have been major factors in growth, and non-metropolitan balances where growth has been uneven but generally low. Demographic, economic sectoral and welfare indicators are woven into a tableau of change expressed at national, intra-state and intrametropolitan scales. 相似文献
37.
Tadashi Kondo Hiroshi Sawamoto Akira Yoneda Manabu Kato Akihito Matsumuro Takehiko Yagi Takumi Kikegawa 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1993,141(2-4):601-611
A new multi-anvil type high-presure apparatus has been developed using sintered diamond anvils to generate pressures over 30 GPa and temperatures up to about 2000°C. A maximum sample volume of about 1 mm3 is available in this system. The pressure was confirmed by dissociation of forsterite into Mg-perovskite and periclase. The basic techniques and problems in utilizing sintered diamond in the MA8 type high-pressure apparatus are discussed with an emphasis on the future prospect of incorporating simultancous X-ray diffraction observation. 相似文献
38.
The time sequence of line profiles of Fe xiv emission obtained at the 1965 solar eclipse is examined for temporal variations of intensity and profile. Although no variations are found in some regions examined, two regions with intensity and profile line width variations are found. A simple temperature wave is consistent with observations.Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration.Work accomplished at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming. 相似文献
39.
J. M. Herndon M. W. Rowe E. E. Larson D. E. Watson 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1972,7(3):263-284
We present here a summary review of the work of Russian scientists, primarily Gus'kova and Pochtarev, on the magnetism of meteorites. They have measured the initial natural remanent magnetization and the magnetic susceptibility in more than 900 meteorite samples from collections throughout the Soviet Union. More sophisticated studies, involving both thermal and alternating field demagnetization experiments, were also conducted on a few samples. Meteorites almost invariably retain evidence of ancient magnetic fields in their pre-terrestrial history 相似文献
40.
Alpha thermochronology of carbonates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peter Copeland E. Bruce Watson Desmond Patterson 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(18):4488-4511
Step-heating experiments on 17 calcites from 11 different samples and 6 dolomites from 5 samples suggest a closure temperature of He in carbonates ∼70 ± 10 °C for a cooling rate of 10 °C/m.y. The bulk closure temperature in some samples may tend slightly higher due to the presence of diffusion domains larger (and therefore more retentive) than the sites in which the majority of He resides. The diffusivity of He in calcite is independent of the genesis of the mineral (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) or the source of the He (radiogenic, common, or laboratory induced) and in all samples analyzed the effective diffusion dimension for He is smaller than the size of the crystals investigated. Although calcite is a low-U mineral, this shortcoming can be overcome by analyzing large samples (>2 mm diameter) provided samples have a minimum of ∼0.3 ppm U; samples with smaller concentrations of alpha-producers are unlikely to produce enough radiogenic 4He sufficient to overwhelm He present in the crystals at the time they passed through their closure temperature. 相似文献