Velocity of longitudinal waves in eclogite and ultrabasic rocks under pressures to 4 kilobars     

E. I. Bajuk  M. P. Volarovich  Karel Klíma  Zdeněk Pros  Jiří Vaněk 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1967,11(3):271-280

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Magnetospheric regions of amplification of VLF emissions and micropulsations     

Antonín Hruśka 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1967,11(2):235-240

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Structural control and history of origin of hydrothermal metallogeny in western Cuba     

Karel Beneš  Václav Hanuš 《Mineralium Deposita》1967,2(4):318-333

The main structural-lithological factors responsible for the localization of hydrothermal mineralization on a regional, as well as on a local scale in the metallogenic province of western Cuba are summarized. The supply function of regional fault structures extending towards depth is emphasized and light is thrown on the localization of hydrothermal veins in fissures of the folded San Cayetano Formation. Stress has been laid on the genetic and chronological independence of pyrite bodies and hydrothermal veins. Six mineralization stages have been defined and their general succession in the metallogenic area under consideration has been determined.

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Resumen Los factores principales litológico-estructurales, que causan la predisposición de la localización de los yacimientos hidrotermales en las dimensiones regionales y locales en la region de Cuba occidental, están sumarizados. La importancia de las dislocaciones regionales para el aporte de las soluciones hidrotermales está subrayada y las causas de la localización de las vetas hidrotermales en las ac-grietas de la formacion plegada de San Cayetano están aclaradas. La independencia genética y cronológica de los cuerpos de pirita y de las vetas hidrotermales polimetálicas está discutida. Seis estados de la mineralización hidrotermal están identificados y la succesión de la validez general para toda la region metalogenética de Cuba occidental está construida.

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Dichte und Lichtbrechung der Moldavite von Něchov     

RNDr. Dagmar Adamovská 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1967,16(3):204-209

In this experimental work I studied the correlation of the specific gravity and index of refraction at 19 moldavites from a finding place in Nchov. This place is in the south of Bohemia, in a district of eské Budjovice (Budweis). The reason for this work was the extraordinary declaration of the correlation of the specific gravity and index of refraction at one moldavite from Nchov that is: d=2,395 and n _D =1,5033.These declarations were settled by Nováek. The results of these measurings have shown that the linear correlation of the specific gravity and index of refraction of the moldavites from other finding places are characteristic also for these ones. The definition of this correlation at 19 pieces of moldavites from Nchov shows also this linear character in the measuring of values d=2,355–2,395 and n _D =1,4870–1,4950.In this work there were settled also some other dates of unity (so-called in couple-moldavites). But we must not oversee certain vaccilations of the declaration at the moldavites from Nchov, as at those from other finding places. The secularity of these declarations about the moldavites of Nchov lies also therein, that the avarage value of the correlation of specific gravity and index of refraction of this finding place is higher than those of other places.

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Herrn Dr. Walter Weiskirchner, Dozent an der Universität Tübingen, danke ich herzlich für die freundliche Durchsicht der Arbeit.  相似文献   

Precambrian geology of the Adirondack highlands,a reinterpretation     

Prof. Dr. D. de Waard  Dr. M. Walton 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1967,56(1):596-629

The Precambrian geology of the Adirondack highlands was previously interpreted as a sedimentary terrane repeatedly invaded during the Grenville orogenic cycle by igneous intrusions to form successively the large anorthosite massif and satellites, numerous olivine gabbro and dolerite bodies, gneisses of the quartz-syenite and charnockite series, and granites. A reinterpretation is suggested.In two representative areas major bodies of anorthosite and gneisses of the quartz-syenite and charnockite series are shown to occupy cores of mantled domes and nappes. They are parts of an older basement complex formed during an earlier, pre-Grenville orogenic cycle. Most of the now-recognizable Grenville metasediments were supracrustal rocks deposited on the denuded surface of this basement terrane. Olivine-basaltic magma invaded both the basement and the supracrustal rocks, forming gabbro and ophitic dolerite bodies. The Grenville orogenic cycle (ca. 1100 m.y. B.P.) deformed and metamorphosed all these rocks to a complex of mantled domes, folds, and nappes. The geology of the older basement rocks is heavily masked by the Grenville orogeny.The pre-Grenville basement consists of relatively homogenous masses of metaanorthosite, metanorite, charnockite, and gneisses of granitic composition. The supracrustal rocks occur in well-defined stratigraphic sequences of varied metasediments, gneisses, and charnockites. Conglomerates, arkoses, and acidic volcanics may all metamorphose to foliated rocks of granitic composition. Charnockites formed by high-grade metamorphism of initially dry, pre-existing quartzofeldspathic rocks including metamorphic and plutonic igneous rocks in the basement complex and acidic volcanics in the supracrustal sequence. Water content of rocks also controlled the extent of magmatism during the Grenville orogenic period. Anatectic granite is mainly limited to small, nebulite-bordered granite bodies, and to the presence of venitic migmatites in metamorphosed rocks with granitic components.

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Zusammenfassung Die Gesteinsserien des Präkambriums in den Adirondack-Highlands wurde früher als Sedimente gedeutet, in welche während des Grenville-Orogenzyklus mehrfach Eruptiv-Intrusionen eindrangen. Dadurch sollen nacheinander das große Anorthosit-Massiv mit seinen Satelliten, zahlreiche Olivingabbro- und Dolerit-Körper, die Gneise der Quarz-Syenit- und Charnockit-Serie und die Granite entstanden sein. Eine andere Erklärung wird hier vorgeschlagen.In zwei typischen Gebieten werden größere Körper von Anorthosit und von Gneisen der Quarz-Syenit- und Charnockit-Serie beschrieben, welche die Kerne der ummantelten Gneisdome und der Decken einnehmen. Sie sind Teile eines älteren Grundgebirges, das in einem früheren Prä-Grenville-Zyklus entstanden ist. Die meisten der heute bekannten Grenville metasediments bestanden aus suprakrustalen Gesteinen, die auf der heute abgetragenen Oberfläche dieses Grundgebirges abgelagert wurden. Olivin-basaltisches Magma drang sowohl in das Grundgebirge als auch in die suprakrustalen Gesteine ein, wodurch Gabbro- und ophitische Doleritkörper entstanden. Der Grenville-Orogenzyklus (vor etwa 1,1×10⁹ Jahren) metamorphisierte diese Gesteine zu dem Komplex der ummantelten Gneisdome, Falten und Decken. Die Geologie des älteren Grundgebirges ist durch die Grenville-Orogenese stark verändert worden.Das Prä-Grenville-Grundgebirge besteht aus verhältnismäßig homogenen Meta-Anorthositen, Metanoriten, Charnockiten und Gneisen mit granitischer Zusammensetzung. Die suprakrustalen Gesteine kommen in gut bestimmten, stratigraphischen Abfolgen von verschiedenen Metasedimenten, Gneisen und Charnockiten vor. Konglomerate, Arkosen und saure Vulkanite dürften durch Metamorphose in geschieferte Gesteine granitischer Zusammensetzung übergegangen sein. Charnockite entstanden durch intensive Metamorphose der anfangs trockenen, vormals quarz- und feldspatreichen Gesteine, welche Metamorphite und Plutonite des Grundgebirges und saure Vulkanite der suprakrustalen Serie einschließen. Auch der Wassergehalt der Gesteine beeinflußte den Grad des Magmatismus während des Grenville-Orogenzyklus. Anatektischer Granit ist hauptsächlich an kleine, von Nebulit umgebene Granit-Körper und an die Anwesenheit von Venit-Migmatiten in metamorphen Gesteinen granitischer Zusammensetzung gebunden.

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Résumé L'interprétation géologique Précambrienne des plateaux de l'Adirondack était considérée jusqu'à ce jour comme un terrain sédimentaire envahi à plusieurs reprises pendant le cycle orogénique de Grenville par des intrusions ignées pour former successivement le grand massif anorthosite et ses satellites, de nombreux corps gabbro-olivines et dolérites, des gneiss de séries quartzsyénites et charnockites, et des granites. Nous suggérons une réinterprétation.Dans deux domaines représentatifs, les corps principaux d'anorthosite et les gneiss de séries quartz-syénite et charnockite se révèlent comme occupant les noyaux de dômes recouvertes et de nappes. Ce sont des parties d'un fond complexe plus ancien formé pendant un cycle orogénique pré-Grenville antérieur. La plupart des «métasédiments Grenville» maintenant reconnaissables étaient des roches sédimentaires et volcaniques, déposées sur la surface dénudée de ce terrain de fond. Le magma olivine-basaltique a envahi à la fois le fond et les roches sédimentaires et volcaniques, formant du gabbro et des corps ophitiques et dolérites.Le cycle orogénique de Grenville (ca. 1100 m. y. B. P.) a déformé et métamorphosé toutes ces roches en une completié de dômes recouvertes, de plis et de nappes. La géologie des roches de fond plus anciennes est lourdement masquée par l'orogénie de Grenville.Le fond pré-Grenville consiste en masses relativement homogènes de métaanorthosite, métanorite, charnockite et en gneiss de composition granitique. Les roches sédimentaires et volcaniques apparaissent en séries stratigraphiques bien définie d'une variété de métasédiments, de gneiss et de charnockite. Des conglomérates, des arkoses et des roches volcaniques acides peuvent toutes se métamorphoser en roches foliacées de composition granitique. Des charnockites ont dû leur formation à un métamorphisme à haut degré de roches quartzofeldspathiques pré-existantes, initialement sèches, y compris les roches ignées métamorphiques et plutoniques dans le système du fond et acidovolcaniques dans la roche sédimentaire et volcanique subséquente. Le contenu aqueux des roches contrôlait également l'importance du magmatisme pendant la période orogénique de Grenville. Le granite anatectique se réduit principalement à des corpuscules granitiques bordés de nébulite et à la présence de migmatites vénétiques dans des roches métamorphosées aux composants granitiques.

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Adirondack Highland'a (CACIII). .

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Kontinuierliche Messungen von Atmosphärischen Kondensationskernen     

P. Ackermann  Dr. M. Bider  Prof. Dr. F. Verzár 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1954,29(1):167-167

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Erfahrungen mit dem automatischen Kondensationskernzähler     

H. Bitterli  F. Verzár 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1953,6(2):211-217

Zusammenfassung Es wird über Erfahrungen mit einem früher an dieser Stelle beschriebenen automatischen Kondensationskernzähler berichtet und speziell die Abhängigkeit der gemessenen Kernzahl von Expansionsgrad, Temperatur und relativer Feuchtigkeit untersucht, sowie die Einstellung einer konstanten Empfindlichkeit beschrieben.

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Summary Experiments are reported with the automatic condensation nuclei counter, which has already been described in this review. Adjustment for a constant sensitivity is described. The dependence of the number of nuclei upon the degree of expansion, temperature and relative humidity is especially studied.

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Résumé L'article rapporte des expériences faites avec un compteur automatique de noyaux de condensation, qui auparavant déjà a été décrit dans cette revue. Il examine en particulier la dépendance du nombre des noyaux mesuré du degré d'expansion, de la température et de l'humidité relative et décrit aussi la mise au point d'une sensibilité constante.

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Mit 6 Textabbildungen.  相似文献   

Daily Weather Observations in Sixteenth-Century Europe     

Christian Pfister  Rudolf Brázdil  Rüdiger Glaser  Anita Bokwa  Franz Holawe  Danuta Limanowka  Oldřich Kotyza  Jan Munzar  Lajos Rácz  Elisabeth Strömmer  Gabriela Schwarz-Zanetti 《Climatic change》1999,43(1):111-150

Thirty-two weather diaries written in astronomical calendars in central Europe in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries are presented and discussed. Systematic weather observations were promoted by the rise of planetary astronomy and its application in astro-meteorology. The practice of keeping weather diaries spread from Cracow (Poland) to Ingolstadt (Germany) and from there to other universities. The data obtained from these sources provided the backbone for setting up series of precipitation indices for Poland, Germany and Switzerland. Monthly statistics of days with precipitation, snowfall and frost were computed by counting the relevant entries in the most important diaries. The results were compared with either those obtained from instrumental measurements in the same place or with those from modern instrumental measurements in a neighbouring place. The final results show that autumn was considerably colder in the early sixteenth century. April was considerably drier and July was wetter during the period 1508-1531 than during 1901-1960. In order to highlight the impact of weather patterns on grain prices in a year of crisis, the timing of wet and dry spells in southern Poland and southern Germany is compared for the year 1529. Winters became 1.7°C colder from 1564 to 1576 and the month of July tended to be wetter than in 1901-1960. Details noted in the diaries kept between 1585 and 1600 by the astronomers Brahe (near Copenhagen) and Fabricius (in the Ostfriesland region of northwestern Germany) closely agree. It rained more often in June and July and temperatures dropped. The winter months were more frequently dominated by winds from easterly directions, the frequency of snowfall was higher and a deficit occurred in precipitation. This points to a higher frequency of high pressure in the Fennoscandian area with cold air advection from the east or northeast.  相似文献   

The Effect of Geomagnetic and Solar Activity on the Distribution of Controlling Pressure Formations in the Northern Hemisphere in Winter     

Bochníček  Josef  Hejda  Pavel  Pýcha  Josef 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1999,43(4):390-398

The distribution of controlling pressure formations, occurring in the Northern Hemisphere during the winters (January and February) of the years 1952 – 1996, has been analysed. It was found that the deepening of the Icelandic and Aleutian pressure lows is connected not only with a particular QBO phase and level of geomagnetic activity (Bochníek et al., 1999) but also with a particular level of solar activity.  相似文献   

Amplitude Response of a LCR Gravimeter with Feedback at Periods of Microseisms and Earthquake Waves     

Vladimír Tobyáš  Jan Mrlina  Bohumil Chán 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1999,43(2):185-193

The amplitude response of a LCR gravimeter with the SRW-E feedback was determined on a vertical vibrating platform. The ink-pen recorder was connected parallel with the digital voltmeter input to obtain an analog response of the gravimeter to the harmonic motion of the base with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 10 m and periods excited in an interval of 4 - 10 s as by the ground motion of meteorological microseisms, and in the interval 10 -100 s as by surface waves of distant strong earthquakes. In the first interval, an unexpected maximum of the amplitude response was observed with the double amplitude of apparent 6,5 Gal (6.5 × 10 _–8 m/s ² ) at a period of 4.8 s, and a baseline shift with the amplitude of–64Gal was observed at the same period. The value of this direct component cannot be separated from the effect of the Earth's gravity field. In the second interval, the amplitude response of the gravimeter displayed one expected maximum at a period of 40 s with the double amplitude of 8.1Gal. At the usual level of microseisms with a peak-to-peak amplitude of up to 2 m the fluctuation of the gravimeter on the direct baseline shifted by –4.9 Gal was estimated at 1 Gal. With typical Rayleigh surface waves with periods of 20 s and double amplitudes of up to 100 m, the fluctuation reached 67 Gal.  相似文献