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11.
Nicoletta Marinoni Davide Levy Monica Dapiaggi Alessandro Pavese Ronald I. Smith 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2011,38(1):11-19
The intra-crystalline cation partitioning over T- and M-sites in a synthetic Mg(Fe,Al)2O4 spinel sample has been determined as a function of temperature by Rietveld structure refinements from powder diffraction
data, combining in situ high-temperature neutron powder diffraction (NPD; POLARIS diffractometer, at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, UK), to determine the Mg and Al occupancy factors, with in situ high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction, to
fix the Fe3+ distribution. The results obtained agree with a two-stage reaction, in which an initial exchange between Fe3+ and Mg, the former leaving and the latter entering tetrahedral sites, is successively followed by a rearrangement involving
also Al. The measured cation distribution has then been compared and discussed with that calculated by the Maximum Configuration
Entropy principle, for which only NPD patterns have been used. The cation partitioning has finally been interpreted in the
light of the configuration model of O’Neill and Navrotsky. 相似文献
12.
SHARE Asia自动气象站网络：喜马拉雅山—喀喇昆仑山地区气候研究的一个必要组成部分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Vuillermoz L. Bertolani C. Smiraglia GP. Verza G. Tartari A. Marinoni P. Bonasoni 《地球科学进展》2006,21(12):1244-1253
Ev K2 CNR SHARE Asia计划的目标就是建立一个沿喜马拉雅山—喀喇昆仑山脉的监测网络，为气象学和气候研究提供参数，特别是为季风变化、大气化学、冰川学、高海拔湖沼学和古湖沼学等研究，同时也为准确地确定地球表面坐标。SHARE Asia 计划的一个特殊的目的是发展一套完整的测量系统，以满足不断进步的环境与地球科学；促进当地的技术升级和建设的能力。
就像WMO CEOP 和UNEP ABC一样，SHARE Asia 气象—气候及大气化学观测站已经成为重要的国际科学计划的一部分。 相似文献
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14.
The scaling of the apparent angular diameter of galaxies with redshift θ(z) is a powerful discriminator of cosmological models. In this paper we argue that the rotational velocity of distant galaxies, when interpreted as size indicator, may be used as an interesting tool to select high redshift standard rods. Upcoming deep redshift surveys will allow an implementation of this classical geometrical test to measure directly the amplitude of the cosmological constant Λ, or to constrain the cosmic equation of state parameter for a smooth dark energy component (w = p/ρ, —1 ≤ w < 0). 相似文献
15.
G. Altavilla S. Marinoni E. Pancino S. Galleti S. Ragaini M. Bellazzini G. Cocozza A. Bragaglia J. M. Carrasco A. Castro L. Di Fabrizio L. Federici F. Figueras M. Gebran C. Jordi E. Masana W. Schuster G. Valentini H. Voss 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2015,336(6):515-529
The Gaia SpectroPhotometric Standard Stars (SPSS) survey started in 2006, was awarded almost 450 observing nights and accumulated almost 100000 raw data frames with both photometric and spectroscopic observations. Such large observational effort requires careful, homogeneous, and automatic data reduction and quality control procedures. In this paper, we quantitatively evaluate instrumental effects that might have a significant (i.e., ≥1 %) impact on the Gaia SPSS flux calibration. The measurements involve six different instruments, monitored over the eight years of observations dedicated to the Gaia flux standards campaigns: DOLORES@TNG in La Palma, EFOSC2@NTT and ROSS@REM in La Silla, CAFOS@2.2m in Calar Alto, BFOSC@Cassini in Loiano, and LaRuca@1.5m in San Pedro Mártir. We examine and quantitatively evaluate the following effects: CCD linearity and shutter times, calibration frames stability, lamp flexures, second order contamination, light polarization, and fringing. We present methods to correct for the relevant effects which can be applied to a wide range of observational projects at similar instruments. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
16.
P. Cristofanelli P. di Carlo A. D’. Altorio C. Dari Salisburgo P. Tuccella F. Biancofiore P. Stocchi G. P. Verza T. C. Landi A. Marinoni F. Calzolari R. Duchi Paolo Bonasoni 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(11):1985-1999
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is an important atmospheric pollutant and climate forcer. The Mediterranean basin is a hot-spot region in terms of short-term O3 distribution, with frequent episodes of high tropospheric O3, especially during summer. To improve the characterisation of summer O3 variability in the Mediterranean area, during the period 6–27 August 2009 an experimental campaign was conducted at Campo Imperatore, Mt Portella (CMP), a high mountain site (2,388 m a.s.l.) located in the central Italian Apennines. As deduced from analysis of atmospheric circulation, the measurement site was significantly affected by air masses originating over the Mediterranean basin, which affected the measurement site for 32 % of the time. Analysis of average values and diurnal and day-to-day variability revealed that CMP O3 observations (average value 60.0 ± 5.1 ppbv) were comparable with measurements at other European mountain stations, indicating a prevalent effect of meteorological conditions and atmospheric transport on the synoptic scale. In fact, only a small “reverse” diurnal variation typically characterises diurnal O3 variability because of local thermal wind circulation, which sporadically favours transport of air masses rich in O3 from the foothill regions. Statistical analysis of five-day back-trajectory ensembles indicates that synoptic-scale air-mass transport from the Mediterranean Sea usually results in decreasing O3 concentrations at CMP, whereas the highest hourly O3 values are mostly associated with air masses from central continental Europe, eastern Europe, and northern Italy. High O3 concentrations are also related to downward air-mass transport from higher altitudes. Comparison of in-situ O3 variability with tropospheric O3 satellite-based measurements reveals similar features of the two data sets. Together with the results from back-trajectory analysis, this indicates that CMP measurements might usefully improve characterisation of broad-scale O3 variability over the central Mediterranean basin. 相似文献
17.
Multi-criteria analysis techniques are well known decision support methods and are widely applied in various disciplines. However, defining the input criteria values for the basic decision matrix which contains all criteria values for every alternative considered is normally not an easy task. Especially qualitative criteria variables which are frequently represented as linguistic terms may be hard to quantify. Moreover, some criteria cannot be represented by just one crisp value, but they may offer a range of possible values. Stochastic multi-criteria approaches which call for distribution models instead of single numerical values can be used in these cases. Outranking multi-criteria methods proved that simulation based stochastic techniques are well suited to give better insight into the preference structure of a variety of decision alternatives. However, besides the knowledge of the preference structure, it is also important to find out about the similarity of decision alternatives which allows a modeller to categorize a decision alternative as a really unique option or as just one option out of a greater subset of very similar alternatives. To be able to perform this categorization, principal components analysis (PCA) was used. The results of the PCA are compared to the results of a stochastic outranking analysis. 相似文献
18.
The Quaternary deposits of the Ebro Basin in the surroundings of Zaragoza (Spain) form an unconfined alluvial aquifer with
a high degree of permeability and low thickness of unsaturated materials. This fact causes a high degree of vulnerability
to contamination, which implies consequences for land-use decisions and the risk management of existing industrial facilities.
In addition, in the last decades the intense irrigation and the use of pesticides is threatening the quality of the groundwater
and as a consequence the amount of usable groundwater at a low cost. Thus, the development of groundwater vulnerability maps
has great importance in a regional planning process. Consequently, groundwater vulnerability maps have been developed following
a method proposed by the German State Geological Surveys. In this paper the methodology developed within ArcGIS and Gocad,
a two- and three-dimensional software, respectively, is presented. Although the results obtained within GIS (Geographical
Information System) are acceptable it is to say that the 3D-model improves considerably the final product. 相似文献