On‐line hybrid test combining with general‐purpose finite element software     

Tao Wang  Masayoshi Nakashima  Peng Pan 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(12):1471-1488

A new on‐line hybrid test system incorporated with the substructuring technique is developed. In this system, a general‐purpose finite element software is employed to obtain the restoring forces of the numerical substructure accurately. The restart option is repeatedly used to accommodate the software with alternating loading and analysis characteristic of the on‐line test but without touching the source code. An eight‐storey base‐isolated structure is tested to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed test system. The overall structure is divided into two substructures, i.e. a superstructure to be analysed by the software and a base‐isolation layer to be tested physically. Collisions between the base‐isolation layer and the surrounding walls are considered in the test. The responses of the overall structure are reasonable, and smooth operation is achieved without any malfunction. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Test on full‐scale three‐storey steel moment frame and assessment of ability of numerical simulation to trace cyclic inelastic behaviour     

Masayoshi Nakashima  Tomohiro Matsumiya  Keichiro Suita  Dawei Liu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(1):3-19

A test on a full‐scale model of a three‐storey steel moment frame was conducted, with the objectives of acquiring real information about the damage and serious strength deterioration of a steel moment frame under cyclic loading, studying the interaction between the structural frame and non‐structural elements, and examining the capacity of numerical analyses commonly used in seismic design to trace the real cyclic behaviour. The outline of the test structure and test program is presented, results on the overall behaviour are given, and correlation between the experimental results and the results of pre‐test and post‐test numerical analyses is discussed. Pushover analyses conducted prior to the test predicted the elastic stiffness and yield strength very reasonably. With proper adjustment of strain hardening after yielding and composite action, numerical analyses were able to accurately duplicate the cyclic behaviour of the test structure up to a drift angle of 1/25. The analyses could not trace the cyclic behaviour involving larger drifts in which serious strength deterioration occurred due to fracture of beams and anchor bolts and progress of column local buckling. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Simplified methods for design of base‐isolated structures in the long‐period high‐damping range     

Ruediger Weitzmann  Makoto Ohsaki  Masayoshi Nakashima 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(4):497-515

A recent trend in the design of base‐isolated structures is the extension of the natural period and the incorporation of high damping. This paper shows that the existing simplified methods perform less accurately in this field of application, mainly due to inappropriate use of spectral data and insufficiently adjusted equivalent models. The paper proposes new period‐dependent concepts to reduce pseudo‐acceleration spectra and to transform these values into total accelerations with respect to the viscous damping ratio. The model of equivalent damping is adjusted to reflect several period‐dependent effects. The estimation of the accelerations in MDOF systems is based on additional period shifts. All modifications are derived for a simplified linear approach based on eigenforms, and a non‐linear approach based on pushover and capacity spectrum analysis. To illustrate observed problems and to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed concepts, example structures are studied in detail. Furthermore, intensive statistical tests prove the effectiveness of the modifications in a wide parameter range and show considerable improvements over traditional approaches. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Similarity solution for unsteady accretion flow,II     

Shiro Sakashita  Masayoshi Yokosawa 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1974,31(1):251-259

Similarity solution for unsteady accretion flow is obtained. The density distribution of the initial state of the gas surrounding the star is given as ?₀ ∝r ^?ω. The flow patterns are compared with the results of the numerical computation by Zel'dovichet al. (1972), and it is shown that the similarity solution reproduces the results of the numerical computations well. An unsteady accretion model for the nova-like X-ray source is discussed briefly.  相似文献   

Characteristics of soil moisture in permafrost observed in East Siberian taiga with stable isotopes of water     

A. Sugimoto  D. Naito  N. Yanagisawa  K. Ichiyanagi  N. Kurita  J. Kubota  T. Kotake  T. Ohata  T. C. Maximov  A. N. Fedorov 《水文研究》2003,17(6):1073-1092

Soil moisture and its isotopic composition were observed at Spasskaya Pad experimental forest near Yakutsk, Russia, during summer in 1998, 1999, and 2000. The amount of soil water (plus ice) was estimated from volumetric soil water content obtained with time domain reflectometry. Soil moisture and its δ¹⁸O showed large interannual variation depending on the amount of summer rainfall. The soil water δ¹⁸O decreased with soil moisture during a dry summer (1998), indicating that ice meltwater from a deeper soil layer was transported upward. On the other hand, during a wet summer (1999), the δ¹⁸O of soil water increased due to percolation of summer rain with high δ¹⁸O values. Infiltration after spring snowmelt can be traced down to 15 cm by the increase in the amount of soil water and decrease in the δ¹⁸O because of the low δ¹⁸O of deposited snow. About half of the snow water equivalent (about 50 mm) recharged the surface soil. The pulse of the snow meltwater was, however, less important than the amount of summer rainfall for intra‐annual variation of soil moisture. Excess water at the time just before soil freezing, which is controlled by the amount of summer rainfall, was stored as ice during winter. This water storage stabilizes the rate of evapotranspiration. Soil water stored in the upper part of the active layer (surface to about 120 cm) can be a water source for transpiration in the following summer. On the other hand, once water was stored in the lower part of the active layer (deeper than about 120 cm), it would not be used by plants in the following summer, because the lower part of the active layer thaws in late summer after the plant growing season is over. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Solar Wind Speed and Expansion Rate of the Coronal Magnetic Field during Carrington Rotation 1909     

Hakamada  Kazuyuki  Kojima  Masayoshi 《Solar physics》1999,187(1):115-122

The synoptic map of the solar wind speed (SWS) estimated by the computer-assisted tomography (CAT) method with interplanetary scintillation observations is constructed for the 1909 Carrington rotation. A similar synoptic map of expansion rate (RBR) of the coronal magnetic field calculated by the so-called 'potential model' with the photospheric magnetic field is also constructed under the radial field assumption (RF model). These maps consist of 64800 (180×360) data points of equal area. We examine for the first time relations between the SWS estimated by the CAT technique and the RBR calculated by the RF model. A highly significant correlation is found between the SWS and the RBR. A simple correlation coefficient is about –0.72; that is, high-velocity winds emanate from photospheric areas corresponding to a low expansion rate of the coronal magnetic field, and low-velocity winds emanate from photospheric areas of high expansion rate. This result suggests that there is some acceleration mechanism relating to the coronal field expansion.  相似文献   

Simulations of Stable Isotopic Fractionation in Mixed Cloud in Middle Latitudes―Taking the Precipitation at ürǖmqi as an Example     

ZHANG Xinping  YAO Tandong  LIU Jingmiao  TIAN Lide  Masayoshi NAKAWO 《大气科学进展》2003,20(2):261-268

The introduced mathematical model takes into account the role of the kinetic fractionation effect in a supersaturation environment at the ice surface as liquid and solid phases coexist in mixed cloud. Using the model, the temperature effect of stable isotopes in precipitation is simulated under different cooling conditions. The rate of change of δ18O against temperature in the process of wet adiabatic cooling is smaller than in the process of isobaric cooling under the same humidity. The increasing supersaturation ratio at the ice surface, Si, leads to the strengthening of the kinetic fractionation effect. The kinetic fractionation function makes the synthesis fractionation factor decreased and the change of δ18O with temperature flatted, compared with that in the equilibrium state. The simulated results show that the slope parameter b and the intercept d of the meteoric water line (MWL), δD = bδ18O+d, in wet adiabatic cooling are both greater than those in isobaric cooling. The global MWL lies between the two MWLs simulated under wet adiabatic and isobaric cooling processes, respectively. The magnitudes of b and d are directly proportional to Si. The greater the Si, the stronger the kinetic fractionation effect, and thus the greater the b and d, and vice versa. However, b and d have low sensitivity to the liquid-water contents in the cloud. Using the kinetic fractionation model, the variation of stable isotopes in precipitation at Urumqi is simulated. The simulated stable isotopic ratio vs temperature and the δD vs δ18O curves are very consistent with the actual regressions and MWL at Uruimqi, respectively.  相似文献   

Minimal‐disturbance seismic rehabilitation of steel moment‐resisting frames using light‐weight steel elements          下载免费PDF全文

Masahiro Kurata  Miho Sato  Lei Zhang  Oren Lavan  Tracy Becker  Masayoshi Nakashima 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(3):383-400

This paper presents a rehabilitation technique developed under a design and construction scheme, termed minimal‐disturbance seismic rehabilitation. This scheme pursues enhancing the seismic performance of buildings with the intention of improving the continuity of business while minimizing obstruction of the visual and physical space of building users and the use of heavy construction equipment and hot work (welding/cutting). The developed rehabilitation technique consists of light‐weight steel elements and aims to decrease demands to beam‐ends of steel moment‐resisting frames. The behavior of the baseline model was verified through numerical analysis and proof‐of‐concept testing. Furthermore, the effectiveness of rehabilitation is studied through retrofitting a four‐story steel moment‐resisting frame originally designed with Japanese design guidelines. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

西昆仑山冰芯记录指示的塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘对流层中上部近百年大气尘埃变化趋势   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李永能  杨阳  韩建康  谢自楚  中尾正义  东久美子 《冰川冻土》2006,28(6):873-878

钻自西昆仑山崇测冰帽海拔6530 m的18.7 m冰芯提供了近百年间的尘埃沉积记录.冰芯记录覆盖的90 a间尘埃表现出持续下降的总趋势,大体可以分为3个阶段,即1930年之前,1930-1960年和1960年之后,尘埃浓度的降低是量级上的.几个突出的尘埃阶段出现在1900年代早期、1910年代、1920年代后期和1940年代早期,它们分别以约2.5×10⁶、2.7×10⁶、2.5×10⁶和1.5×10⁶粒·mL^-1的高浓度为特征,而1970年代则表现出相对较低的浓度(5×10⁵粒·mL^-1).就年份来看,突出的高尘埃浓度出现于1906,1915,1919和1943年.根据微粒的粒径资料分析,局地输入的尘埃分量约占总值的17%,剔除后可以得到中、大尺度范围的大气尘埃沉积通量.根据后60 a资料建立的通量平均值为913μg·cm^-2·a^-1,大气尘埃随时间的每10 a下降速率为-124μg·cm^-2,它可反映塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘对流层中上部的大气尘埃通量半个多世纪以来的变化趋势.  相似文献   

The <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">w</Emphasis></Subscript> = 5.8 14 August 2016 middle Sakhalin earthquake on a boundary between Okhotsk and Eurasian (Amurian) plates     

A. V. Konovalov  A. A. Stepnov  D. A. Safonov  A. I. Kozhurin  A. S. Pavlov  A. V. Gavrilov  K. A. Manaychev  D. Ye. Tomilev  H. Takahashi  M. Ichiyanagi 《Journal of Seismology》2018,22(4):943-955

An earthquake with the moment magnitude M _w ?=?5.8 occurred in the middle part of the Sakhalin Island, Russian Federation, on 14 August 2016, at 11:17 a.m. UTC. The earthquake source was located west of the Central Sakhalin Fault Zone, which is considered to mark the boundary between the Okhotsk and Eurasian (Amurian) plates. Moment tensor solution of the mainshock as well as the configuration of aftershock cloud suggests that the earthquake was caused by slip on a SW-dipping reverse fault. For the first time for Sakhalin, we have got the felt reports unified in accordance with DYFI. We also analyzed observed PGA values and, based on them, produced shaking maps.  相似文献