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Seismic response of a RC frame building designed according to old and modern practices 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
In the paper the seismic response of different variants of the three-story reinforced concrete frame structure SPEAR is compared.
The basic structure is representative of building practice before the adoption of seismic codes. This structure has been compared
with four modified variants, which were designed partly or completely in accordance with the Eurocode family of standards.
For seismic assessment the practice-oriented nonlinear N2 method was used. The results demonstrate the low seismic resistance
of buildings designed for gravity loads only. On the other hand, the advantages of new standards are clearly apparent. By
taking into account the requirements of Eurocode 8 it is possible to ensure adequate strength, stiffness and ductility. By
means of capacity design it is possible to ensure a global plastic mechanism. All these characteristics contribute to the
high seismic resistance of structures designed according to Eurocode 8 and to their satisfactory behaviour during earthquakes. 相似文献
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An overview of the applicability of a typical single‐mode pushover method (the N2 method) and two typical multi‐mode pushover methods (the modal pushover analysis (MPA) and incremental response spectrum analysis (IRSA) methods) for the analysis of single column bent viaducts in the transverse direction is presented. Previous research, which was limited to relatively short viaducts supported by few columns, has been extended to longer viaducts with more bents. The single‐mode N2 method is accurate enough for bridges where the effective modal mass of the fundamental mode is at least 80% of the total mass. The applicability of this method depends on (a) the ratio of the stiffness of the superstructure to that of the bents and (b) the strength of the bents. In short bridges with few columns, the accuracy of the N2 method increases as the seismic intensity increases, whereas in long viaducts (e.g. viaducts with lengths greater than 500 m) the method is in general less effective. In the case of the analyzed moderately irregular long viaducts, which are common in construction design practice, the MPA method performed well. For the analysis of bridges where the modes change significantly, depending on the seismic intensity, the IRSA method is in principle more appropriate, unless a viaduct is torsionally sensitive. In such cases, all simplified methods should be used with care. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Seismic shear force magnification in RC cantilever structural walls,designed according to Eurocode 8 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
Klemen Rejec Tatjana Isaković Matej Fischinger 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2012,10(2):567-586
The paper contains a discussion of the inelastic dynamic magnification of seismic shear forces in cantilever walls with rectangular
cross-sections. An extensive parametric study was performed in order to determine the reliability of the procedure in Eurocode
8 (EC8). A large number of single cantilever walls which are characteristic for the design practice in Europe and designed
to satisfy all the EC8 requirements were analysed. The results obtained with the (modified) code procedures were compared
with the results of inelastic response history analyses. If properly applied, the EC8 procedure for DCH walls usually yields
good results for the base shears. However, as presently formulated and understood in the EC8, it can yield significantly incorrect
results (overestimations of up to 40%). For this reason three modifications were introduced: (1) Keintzel’s formula, which
is adopted in EC8, should be used in combination with the seismic shears obtained by considering the first mode of the excitation
only; (2) the upper limit of the shear magnification factor should be related to the total shear force; and (3) a variable
shear magnification factor along the height of the wall should be applied. The present procedure in EC8 for DCM structures
(using a constant shear magnification factor of 1.5 for all walls) is non-conservative. For DCM walls it is strongly recommended
that the same procedure as required for DCH walls be used. 相似文献
35.
Under certain circumstances vessels do not need to meet ballast water management requirements as stated in the International Convention for the Management and Control of Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention). Besides exceptions to ensure e.g., (a) the safety of a ship, (b) discharge of ballast water for the purpose of avoiding or minimizing pollution incidents, (c) uptake and discharge on high seas of the same ballast water, the same location concept comes into play as ballast water discharges from a ship at the same location where it was taken up is also excepted from BWM requirements. The term same location was not defined in this instrument, hence it is exposed to different interpretations (e.g., a terminal, a port, a larger area where two or more ports may be located). As the BWM Convention is an instrument with biological meaning, the authors recommend a biologically meaningful definition of the same location in this contribution. 相似文献
36.
Jelena Vidović Matej Dolenec Tadej Dolenec Vatroslav Karamarko Petra Žvab Rožič 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014
Effects on sediments of fish farming activity near Vrgada Island was analysed through living and total foraminiferal assemblages and concentration of major, minor and trace elements from three sediment cores. Elemental concentrations of sediments are in accordance with carbonate characteristics of the surrounding area and show mostly natural element variations between sampling locations and throughout the cores, with no significant increases due to fish farming activity. Only phosphorus concentration shows elevate values below the fish cage, assigned to fish pellets. Foraminiferal communities are dominated by epifaunal and stress tolerant species, while diversity indices point to normal marine conditions. The type of substrate and phosphorus content in sediments principally influence foraminiferal community composition, while other elemental concentrations have no perceptible effect on the assemblages. Some foraminiferal species Ammoniatepida, Ammoniabeccarii, Elphidiumcrispum, Elphidiummacellum and genus Haynesina are confirmed to be tolerant to elevated nutrient (phosphorus) content, while Ammonia parkinsoniana shows sensitivity to pollution. Postmortem processes cause decrease of foraminiferal density and species richness with core depth. All results point to negligible influence of fish farming and relatively stable environmental conditions at all sampling locations. 相似文献
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A systematic seismic risk study has been performed on some typical precast industrial buildings that consists of assemblages of cantilever columns with high shear‐span ratios connected to an essentially rigid roof system with strong pinned connections. These buildings were designed according to the requirements of Eurocode 8. The numerical models and procedures were modified in order to address the particular characteristics of the analyzed system. They were also verified by pseudo‐dynamic and cyclic tests of full‐scale large buildings. The intensity measure (IM)‐based solution strategy described in the PEER methodology was used to estimate the seismic collapse risk in terms of peak ground acceleration capacity and the probability of exceeding the global collapse limit state. The effect of the uncertainty in the model parameters on the dispersion of collapse capacity was investigated in depth. Reasonable seismic safety (as proposed by the Joint Committee on Structural Safety) was demonstrated for all the regular single‐storey precast industrial buildings addressed in this study. However, if the flexural strength required by EC8 was exactly matched, and the additional strength, which results from minimum longitudinal reinforcement, was disregarded as well as large dispersion in records was considered, the seismic risk might in some cases exceed the acceptable limits. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Miloš Miler Bojan Ambrožič Breda Mirtič Mateja Gosar Sašo Šturm Matej Dolenec Miha Jeršek 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2014,49(10):1875-1887
The Jezersko meteorite is a newly confirmed stony meteorite found in 1992 in the Karavanke mountains, Slovenia. The meteorite is moderately weathered (W2), indicating short terrestrial residence time. Chondrules in partially recrystallized matrix are clearly discernible but often fragmented and have mean diameter of 0.73 mm. The meteorite consists of homogeneous olivine (Fa19.4) and low‐Ca pyroxenes (Fs16.7Wo1.2), of which 34% are monoclinic, and minor plagioclase (Ab83An11Or6) and Ca‐pyroxene (Fs6Wo45.8). Troilite, kamacite, zoned taenite, tetrataenite, chromite, and metallic copper comprise about 16.5 vol% of the meteorite. Phosphates are represented by merrillite and minor chlorapatite. Undulatory extinction in some olivine grains and other shock indicators suggests weak shock metamorphism between stages S2 and S3. The bulk chemical composition generally corresponds to the mean H chondrite composition. Low siderophile element contents indicate the oxidized character of the Jezersko parent body. The temperatures recorded by two‐pyroxene, olivine‐chromite, and olivine‐orthopyroxene geothermometers are 854 °C, 737–787 °C, and 750 °C, respectively. Mg concentration profiles across orthopyroxenes and clinopyroxenes indicate relatively fast cooling at temperatures above 700 °C. A low cooling rate of 10 °C Myr?1 was obtained from metallographic data. Considering physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties, meteorite Jezersko was classified as an H4 S2(3) ordinary chondrite. 相似文献
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Stable isotopic and elemental characteristics of recent tufa from a karstic Krka River (south‐east Slovenia): useful environmental proxies? 
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下载免费PDF全文 Tufa samples from 16 consecutive barrages along a 13 km section of the groundwater‐fed Krka River (Slovenia) were analysed for their petrographical, mineralogical, elemental and stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope composition, to establish their relation to current climatic and hydrological conditions. Waters constantly oversaturated with calcite and the steep morphology of the Krka riverbed stimulate rapid CO2 degassing and subsequent tufa precipitation. The carbon isotope fractionation (Δ13C) between dissolved inorganic carbon and tufa in the Krka River evolves towards isotopic equilibrium being controlled by continuous CO2 degassing and tufa precipitation rate downstream. The Δ13C increased from 1·9 to 2·5‰ (VPDB); however, since tufa precipitation rates remain similar downstream, the major controlling factor of carbon isotope exchange is most probably related to the continuous 12CO2 degassing downstream leaving the carbon pool enriched in 13C. In the case of oxygen, the isotope fractionation (Δ18O) was found to be from 1·0 to 2·3‰ (VSMOW) smaller than reported in the literature. The observed discrepancies are due to different precipitation rates of calcite deposits because Krka tufas on cascades grow relatively faster compared to slowly precipitated calcite deposits in cave or stream pools. Due to non‐equilibrium oxygen isotope exchange between Krka tufa and water, the δ18O proxy showed from 1·2 to 8·2°C higher calculated water temperatures compared to measured water temperatures, demonstrating that δ18O proxy‐based temperature equations are not reliable for water temperature calculations of fast‐growing tufa on cascades. Because Mg is bound to the terrigenous dolomite fraction in the Krka tufa samples, the Mg/Ca was also found to be an unreliable temperature proxy yielding over up to 20°C higher calculated water temperatures. 相似文献