江苏典型地区河流沉积物重金属元素分布特征及其污染来源   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

廖启林  任静华  姜丽 《江苏地质》2018,42(4):651-661

通过对河流沉积物等地表沉积物中重金属元素分布等环境地球化学调查数据的统计分析,总结了江苏典型地区河流沉积物中重金属元素的分布特点与规律:江苏局部地区河流沉积物中,Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu、Ni、Hg等相对富集趋势明显,Cd最大富集倍数 100;不同河流沉积物的重金属元素分布存在差异,与其污染来源密切相关;工业排放是导致河流重金属污染的主要原因,使用含Cd的颜料作为调色剂导致部分河流出现严重Cd污染;与土壤等其他地表沉积物相比,河流沉积物中重金属元素的分布更不均衡。查明河流沉积物的重金属元素分布可为相关农产品安全性预测、确定重金属污染来源、追踪涉重产业的发展历程、防治局部耕地重金属污染等提供科学依据。  相似文献   

四川九寨沟葫芦沟金矿地质特征及其对成矿作用的指示     

付琪智  杨鹏飞  陈廷芳 《江苏地质》2018,42(4):597-606

九寨沟葫芦沟金矿是川陕甘金成矿三角区典型的微细浸染型金矿床之一,矿体主要受断裂控制,赋存于中泥盆统三河口组三段上亚段灰岩(D_2s~(3-2))和下亚段板岩(D_2s~(3-1))中,容矿岩石以花岗斑岩为主,板岩次之,两者混合岩类少见。葫芦沟金矿床相关地球化学特征显示,构造-岩浆活动对成矿起了重要的控制作用,有深部流体参与成矿的迹象。富矿岩石板岩与花岗斑岩的主量、微量元素地球化学研究表明,矿石中Au、As、Ag、Hg、Cu、Fe、Zn、S、Sb等成矿元素极为富集,其形成的Au-(Fe+S)-Ag-Sb和As-Hg 2种元素组合,与矿床内黄铁矿、辉锑矿、毒砂等矿化特征极为吻合,反映它们与金成矿具紧密联系。研究表明:区内岩浆活动时代与金矿成矿时代相当,岩浆活动不仅为区内成矿提供热源动力,而且还提供了一部分颇为主要的成矿物质(岩浆水源和矿源);之后,浅成—超浅成花岗质酸性岩浆活化并萃取了矿源层中泥盆统三河口组(D_2s)中的Au,形成了含Au较高的成矿热液,在构造改造和多元含矿地热流体作用下,又以其能干性和化学活泼性等特点,为金矿的形成提供了良好的赋矿空间,直至演变形成葫芦沟金矿床。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地盐池与姬塬地区长61储层特征差异性研究     

邵晓州  付勋勋  刘广林 《江苏地质》2018,42(4):568-574

利用铸体薄片、压汞曲线和测井等资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地盐池和姬塬地区长61油层组的储层孔隙类型、孔隙结构及物性特征进行对比分析,并对2个地区的储层特征差异性原因进行探讨。研究表明,盐池和姬塬地区储层主要为岩屑长石砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩,储集空间以粒间孔和长石溶孔为主,孔隙结构较差。盐池地区储层物性整体低于姬塬地区,前者孔隙度和渗透率分别为7. 8%和0. 22×10~(-3)μm~2,后者为10. 9%和0. 56×10~(-3)μm~2,面孔率分别为2. 10%和2. 97%,属于典型的低孔、低渗储层。两者储层特征差异主要受3个方面的因素影响:沉积作用决定了储层分布范围;局部高渗带砂体受成岩作用控制;构造作用对后期储层变化有一定的改造作用,盐池地区埋深较大,不利于原生孔隙保存。因此,在今后的石油勘探开发中,三角洲水下分流河道的绿泥石膜胶结带、次生溶孔发育区是姬塬地区勘探的有利目标;而局部构造高点、裂缝相对发育区、地层水低矿化度区是盐池地区寻找"甜点区"的另一方向。  相似文献   

两种沉积相建模方法的对比分析     

王晖  刘振坤  张宇焜 《江苏地质》2018,42(3):386-392

在油田开发方案设计阶段,基础地质资料尤其是钻井资料相对较少,因此对储层分布的认识具有较大的不确定性。沉积相建模为储层分布不确定性的定量表征提供了技术手段,但每种沉积相建模方法具有各自的适应性。以渤海P油田为例,分别应用布尔模拟和示性点过程模拟方法,以河道带和河道内砂体为描述对象建立了2种沉积相模型,定量表征2种储层分布模式,分析2种模拟结果的储层分布规律,指出以河道内砂体为描述对象的建模方法提供了该油田储层分布的最可能模式,而以河道带为描述对象的建模方法提供了储层分布的另一种可能模式,为油藏数值模拟方案设计和敏感性分析提供了地质依据。  相似文献   

新疆东昆仑卡尔瓦西地区马尔争组牙形石的发现及地质意义     

詹天宇  张学海  王聚胜 《江苏地质》2018,42(2):216-221

通过分析新疆东昆仑卡尔瓦西地区马尔争组中上段地层,揭示该套地层的沉积旋回及韵律特征。沉积标志和微量元素分析表明,该区马尔争组地层为浅海至半深海碳酸盐台地相沉积。对研究区马尔争组采集的牙形石标本进行研究和分析,10件样品中采集到2枚Neogondolella regale化石标本,该牙形石广泛分布于早三叠世斯派斯特期末期—中三叠世安尼期早期。因此,该区原定为二叠系马尔争组的形成时代可能是早中三叠世。  相似文献   

Reconstructing 4000 years of mass movement and tsunami history in a deep peri‐Alpine lake (Lake Geneva,France‐Switzerland)          下载免费PDF全文

Katrina Kremer  Michael Hilbe  Guy Simpson  Laurent Decrouy  Walter Wildi  Stephanie Girardclos 《Sedimentology》2015,62(5):1305-1327

The study of mass movements in lake sediments provides insights into past natural hazards at historic and prehistoric timescales. Sediments from the deep basin of Lake Geneva reveal a succession of six large‐scale (volumes of 22 × 10⁶ to 250 × 10⁶ m³) mass‐transport deposits, associated with five mass‐movement events within 2600 years (4000 cal bp to 563 ad ). The mass‐transport deposits result from: (i) lateral slope failures (mass‐transport deposit B at 3895 ± 225 cal bp and mass‐transport deposits A and C at 3683 ± 128 cal bp ); and (ii) Rhône delta collapses (mass‐transport deposits D to G dated at 2650 ± 150 cal bp , 2185 ± 85 cal bp , 1920 ± 120 cal bp and 563 ad , respectively). Mass‐transport deposits A and C were most probably triggered by an earthquake, whereas the Rhône delta collapses were likely to be due to sediment overload with a rockfall as the external trigger (mass‐transport deposit G, the Tauredunum event in 563 ad known from historical records), an earthquake (mass‐transport deposit E) or unknown external triggers (mass‐transport deposits D and F). Independent of their origin and trigger mechanisms, numerical simulations show that all of these recorded mass‐transport deposits are large enough to have generated at least metre‐scale tsunamis during mass movement initiation. Since the Tauredunum event in 563 ad , two small‐scale (volumes of 1 to 2 × 10⁶ m³) mass‐transport deposits (H and I) are present in the seismic record, both of which are associated with small lateral slope failures. Mass‐transport deposits H and I might be related to earthquakes in Lausanne/Geneva (possibly) 1322 ad and Aigle 1584 ad , respectively. The sedimentary record of the deep basin of Lake Geneva, in combination with the historical record, show that during the past 3695 years, at least six tsunamis were generated by mass movements, indicating that the tsunami hazard in the Lake Geneva region should not be neglected, although such events are not frequent with a recurrence time of 0·0016 yr^?1.  相似文献   

Ancient charcoal as a natural archive for paleofire regime and vegetation change in the Mayumbe,Democratic Republic of the Congo     

Wannes Hubau  Jan Van den Bulcke  Peter Kitin  Florias Mees  Geert Baert  Dirk Verschuren  Laurent Nsenga  Joris Van Acker  Hans Beeckman 《Quaternary Research》2013

Charcoal was sampled in four soil profiles at the Mayumbe forest boundary (DRC). Five fire events were recorded and 44 charcoal types were identified. One stratified profile yielded charcoal assemblages around 530 cal yr BP and > 43.5 cal ka BP in age. The oldest assemblage precedes the period of recorded anthropogenic burning, illustrating occasional long-term absence of fire but also natural wildfire occurrences within tropical rainforest. No other charcoal assemblages older than 2500 cal yr BP were recorded, perhaps due to bioturbation and colluvial reworking. The recorded paleofires were possibly associated with short-lived climate anomalies. Progressively dry climatic conditions since ca. 4000 cal yr BP onward did not promote paleofire occurrence until increasing seasonality affected vegetation at the end of the third millennium BP, as illustrated by a fire occurring in mature rainforest that persisted until around 2050 cal yr BP. During a drought episode coinciding with the ‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’, mature rainforest was locally replaced by woodland savanna. Charcoal remains from pioneer forest indicate that fire hampered forest regeneration after climatic drought episodes. The presence of pottery shards and oil-palm endocarps associated with two relatively recent paleofires suggests that the effects of climate variability were amplified by human activities.  相似文献   

Integrated Onshore‐Offshore Investigation of a Mediterranean Layered Coastal Aquifer     

Johanna Lofi  Philippe Pezard  Frédéric Bouchette  Olivier Raynal  Pierre Sabatier  Nataliya Denchik  Arnaud Levannier  Laurent Dezileau  Raphaël Certain 《Ground water》2013,51(4):550-561

Most of the Mediterranean coastal porous aquifers are intensively exploited. Because of climatic and anthropogenic effects, understanding the physical and geological controls on groundwater distribution and flow dynamics in such aquifers is crucial. This study presents the results of a structural investigation of a system located along the coastline of the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean). A key aspect of this study relies on an onshore‐offshore integrated approach combining outcrops, seismic profiles, and borehole data analysis. This multidisciplinary approach provides constraints on pore‐fluid salinity distribution and stratigraphic organization, which are crucial in assessing the modes of groundwater/seawater exchanges. Onshore, Lower Pliocene deposits dip gently seaward. They are unconformably overlain by Holocene clays in the lagoons. Offshore the Pliocene deposits either outcrop at the seabed or are buried below nonconsolidated sands infilling paleo‐valleys. Beneath the lido, the groundwater salinity distribution consists of salty pore water, overlying fresher pore water. Active circulation of groundwater masses is inferred from the geophysical results. In particular, offshore outcrops and paleo‐valleys may play an important role in salt water intrusion.  相似文献   

Modeling the transport and accumulation floating debris generated by the 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunami     

Laurent C.-M. Lebreton  Jose C. Borrero 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013,66(1-2):53-58

A global ocean circulation model is coupled to a particle-tracking model to simulate the transport of floating debris washed into the North Pacific Ocean by the Tohoku tsunami. A release scenario for the tsunami debris is based on coastal population and measured tsunami runup. Archived 2011/2012 hindcast current data is used to model the transport of debris since the tsunami, while data from 2008 to 2012 is used to investigate the distribution of debris on timescales up to 4 years. The vast amount of debris pushed into ocean likely represents thousands of years worth of ‘normal’ litter flux from Japan’s urbanized coastline. This is important since a significant fraction of the debris will be comprised of plastics, some of which will degrade into tiny particles and be consumed by marine organisms, thereby allowing adsorbed organic pollutants to enter our food supply in quantities much higher than present.  相似文献   

A Comparative Study of Radiation Fog and Quasi-Fog Formation Processes During the ParisFog Field Experiment 2007     

Martial Haeffelin  Jean-Charles Dupont  Neda Boyouk  Darrel Baumgardner  Laurent Gomes  Greg Roberts  Thierry Elias 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(12):2283-2303

Fog is an atmospheric phenomenon that has important environmental consequences related to visibility, air quality and climate change on local and regional scales. The formation of radiation fog results from a complex balance between surface radiative cooling, turbulent mixing in the surface layer, aerosol growth by deliquescence and activation of fog droplets. During the ParisFog field experiment, out of 16 events forecasted for radiation fog, activated fog materialized in seven events, while in five other events the visibility dropped to 1–2 km but haze particle size remained below the critical size of activation. To better understand the conditions that lead to or do not lead to sustained fog droplet activation, we performed a comparative study of dynamic, thermal, radiative and microphysical processes occurring between sunset and fog (or quasi-fog) onset. We selected two radiation fog events and two quasi-radiation fog events that occurred under similar large-scale conditions for this comparative study. We identified that aerosol growth by deliquescence and droplet activation actually occurred in both quasi-fog events, but only during <1 h. Based on ParisFog measurements, we found that the main factors limiting sustained activation of droplets at fog onset in the Paris metropolitan area are (1) lack of mixing in the surface layer (typically wind speed <0.5 ms^?1), (2) relative humidity exceeding 90 % throughout the residual layer, (3) low cooling rate in the surface layer (typically less than ?1 °C per hour on average) due to weak radiative cooling (0 to ?30 Wm^?2) and near zero sensible heat fluxes, and (4) a combination of the three factors listed above during the critical phase of droplet activation preventing the transfer of cooling from the surface to the liquid layer. In addition, we found some evidence of contrasted aerosol growth by deliquescence under high relative humidity conditions in the four events, possibly associated with the chemical nature of the aerosols, which could be another factor impacting droplet activation.  相似文献