Envisat ASAR的区域森林-非森林制图   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

凌飞龙  李增元  陈尔学  黄燕平  田昕  SCHMULLIUS Christin  LEITERER Reik  REICHE Johannes  SANTORO Maurizio 《遥感学报》2012,16(5):1100-1113

Envisat卫星ASAR传感器的双极化数据对区域森林监测十分有效。通过分别采用SRTM DEM和Landsat TM图像对地形起伏区域和平坦区域的SAR图像进行地理编码,发展了一种SAR图像自动预处理方法。基于冬季单时相ASAR数据的HH(水平发射,水平接收)、HV(水平发射,垂直接收)极化比值和HV极化图像,提出了一种面向对象的森林-非森林分类方法。将之应用于中国东北森林/非森林制图,分类总体精度、森林用户精度和生产者精度分别为83.7%,85.6%和75.7%。结果表明,本文提出的方法十分适合区域森林-非森林制图的业务化运行。  相似文献   

Fault‐controlled dolomite bodies as palaeotectonic indicators and geofluid reservoirs: New insights from Gargano Promontory outcrops          下载免费PDF全文

Andrea Rustichelli  Alessandro Iannace  Emanuele Tondi  Claudio Di Celma  Antonino Cilona  Maurizio Giorgioni  Mariano Parente  Monica Girundo  Chiara Invernizzi 《Sedimentology》2017,64(7):1871-1900

The Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous platform‐slope to basinal carbonate strata cropping out in Gargano Promontory (southern Italy) are partly dolomitized. Fieldwork and laboratory analyses (petrographic, petrophysical and geochemical) allowed the characterization of the dolomite bodies with respect to their distribution within the carbonate succession, their dimensions, geometries, textural variability, chemical stability, age, porosity, genetic mechanisms and relation with tectonics. The dolomite bodies range from metres to kilometres in size, are fault‐related and fracture‐related, and probably formed during the Early Cretaceous at <500 m burial depths and temperatures <50°C. The proposed dolomitization model relies on mobilization of Early Cretaceous seawater that flowed, downward and then upward, along faults and fractures and was modified in its isotopic composition moving through Triassic and Jurassic strata that underlie the studied dolomitized succession. Despite the numerous cases reported in literature, this study demonstrates that hydrothermal and/or high‐temperature fluids are not necessarily required for fault‐controlled dolomitization. Distribution and geometries of dolomite bodies can be used for palaeotectonic reconstructions, as they partly record the characteristics (size, attitude and kinematics) of the palaeo‐faults, even if not preserved, that controlled dolomitization. In Gargano Promontory, dolomites record Early Cretaceous palaeo‐faults from metres to kilometres long, striking north‐west/south‐east to east/west and characterized by normal to strike‐slip kinematics. Dolomitization increases the matrix porosity by up to 7% and, therefore, can improve the geofluid storage capacity of tight, platform‐slope to basinal limestones. The results have a great significance for characterization of geofluid (for example, hydrocarbons) reservoirs hosted in similar dolomitized carbonate successions. Distribution, size and shapes of reservoir rocks (i.e. dolomite bodies) could be broadly predictable if the characteristics of the palaeo‐fault system present at the time of dolomitization are known.  相似文献   

Groundwater mixing in the discharge area of San Vittorino Plain (Central Italy): geochemical characterization and implication for drinking uses     

Maurizio Barbieri  Angela Nigro  Marco Petitta 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(11):393

Discharge areas of carbonate fractured and karstified aquifers are a sensitive system of great interest, where frequently groundwater resources are tapped for drinking water supply. In geological settings affected by recent and/or active tectonics, mixing between fresh water coming from recharge areas and groundwater from deeper circuits, influenced by raising fluids, influences hydrogeochemistry. Surveys on major ions, trace elements and stable isotopes have been performed in the San Vittorino Plain (Central Italy), where the major source of drinking water for Rome is located (Peschiera Springs, mean discharge 18 m³ s^?1, half of them tapped). Results of 21 springs revealed different contribution from recharge areas and deep flow paths, by increasing salinity and ion content, with particular references to Ca²⁺, HCO₃ ^? and SO₄ ^2?. Three main groups, respectively, related to fresh waters from recharge areas, groundwater from deep contribution and a mixing group between them, have been identified. Water stable isotopes allow to identify the common origin from rainfall and a very steady contribution with seasons and year, due to the huge extent of recharge area (>1000 km²). Saturation Indexes gave insight on the contribution of deep fluids, mainly CO₂ and H₂S, which turned groundwater to undersaturated conditions, facilitating rock dissolution. By PHREEQC software, the mixing between two considered end-members has been simulated, evaluating about 25% of deep contribution in the basal springs of San Vittorino Plain. Chemistry of Peschiera spring reveals a very limited percentage of deep flow paths (10%), which can lead to slight hydrochemistry changes even in possible drought conditions, when discharge can decrease until 15 m³ s^?1.  相似文献   

Aquifer vulnerability and potential risk assessment: application to an intensely cultivated and densely populated area in Southern Italy     

Gianluigi Busico  Emilio Cuoco  Maurizio Sirna  Micòl Mastrocicco  Dario Tedesco 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(10):222

The use of indices, describing aquifer vulnerability and the risk of groundwater pollution, is a basic tool for the implementation of a sound water management plan, especially in densely populated and intensely cultivated areas. In this study, the groundwater contamination risk of the Caserta Plain (Southern Italy) was assessed through the integration of hazards defined on the basis of the different land uses, of the intrinsic vulnerability calculated by applying the SINTACS model and of the groundwater value evaluated by considering water wells density. In order to evaluate the evolution of the risk of groundwater pollution, the proposed methods were applied in the study area for both 2001 and 2009. The resulting specific vulnerability (SINTACS-L) and the risk (GRA) maps, created in a GIS environment, were validated by the comparison with the nitrate concentration distribution. The application of the proposed approach to the study area highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of each method and, at the same time, showed that their combination can provide an overall view of the threats posed to groundwater resources by the human activities affecting the territory. Considering both the benefits and the issues of the proposed approach, overall, the groundwater risk map is thought to be a robust tool to support water managers in defining future plans for water resources exploitation and land use.  相似文献   

Improving flood forecasting using an input correction method in urban models in poorly gauged areas     

Maria Clara Fava  Maurizio Mazzoleni  Narumi Abe  Eduardo Mario Mendiondo  Dimitri P. Solomatine 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(7):1096-1111

ABSTRACT

Poorly monitored catchments could pose a challenge in the provision of accurate flood predictions by hydrological models, especially in urbanized areas subject to heavy rainfall events. Data assimilation techniques have been widely used in hydraulic and hydrological models for model updating (typically updating model states) to provide a more reliable prediction. However, in the case of nonlinear systems, such procedures are quite complex and time-consuming, making them unsuitable for real-time forecasting. In this study, we present a data assimilation procedure, which corrects the uncertain inputs (rainfall), rather than states, of an urban catchment model by assimilating water-level data. Five rainfall correction methods are proposed and their effectiveness is explored under different scenarios for assimilating data from one or multiple sensors. The methodology is adopted in the city of São Carlos, Brazil. The results show a significant improvement in the simulation accuracy.  相似文献   

Daily Milan Temperature and Pressure Series (1763–1998): History of the Observations and Data and Metadata Recovery     

Maurizio Maugeri  Letizia Buffoni  Franca Chlistovsky 《Climatic change》2002,53(1-3):101-117

Daily meteorological observations have been made at the Brera astronomical observatory in Milan since 1763. Initially they concerned air temperature, air pressure, wind direction and state of the sky; other measurements such as precipitation, relative humidity and wind speed were gradually included in the following years. In terms of homogeneity the series can be divided into two main periods, due to the great reorganisation of the observations that Francesco Carlini performed in 1835. As a consequence of other minor changes, each of these periods can then be divided into some other sub-periods, the most problematic years being the first (1763–1804) and the last (1963–today) ones. Within this context the purpose of the paperis to present the history of Milan's temperature and pressure series, giving particular emphasis to all the information that can be useful for the evaluation of the reliability and of the homogeneity of the data. Moreover the data recovery is discussed and the quality and the availability of both hand-written (observatory registers) and published (ephemeridis, bulletins, year-books) data and metadata sources are analysed.  相似文献   

The structural evolution of the southern Apuan Alps: new constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Northern Apennines (Italy)Évolution structurale des Apuanes méridionales : nouvelles contraintes sur l'évolution tectonique des Apennins septentrionaux (Italie)     

Rodolfo Carosi  Chiara Montomoli  Nicola Bertuccelli  Maurizio Profeti 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(5):339-346

Structural analysis performed in the southern sector of the Apuan Alps Metamorphic Complex (AAMC) and on the overlaying Tuscan Nappe (TN) pointed out a structural evolution much more complex than that outlined till now. The comparison between the structural evolutions of the two tectonic units could provide new important constraints on the tectonic evolution of the whole belt. The two tectonic units recorded different tectonic evolution during the first stages of compression, while they shared the same deformation history later after the Tuscan Nappe overlapped the AAMC. The coupled tectonic units have been then deformed by two systems of folds, in a compressive tectonic regime. Extensional tectonics affected the units later, at upper crustal levels. To cite this article: R. Carosi et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 339–346.  相似文献   

Palaeozoic (Silurian and Devonian) radiolarians and conodonts from chert olistoliths of the Volissos Turbidites, Chios island, Greece     

Christiano Larghi  Fabrice Cordey  Carlo Corradini  Maurizio Gaetani  Alda Nicora 《Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae》2005,98(1):123-131

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Understanding the structural setting in the Southern Apennines (Italy): insight from Gravity Gradient Tensor     

Maurizio Fedi  Luigi Ferranti  Giovanni Florio  Italiano Giori  Francesco Italiano 《Tectonophysics》2005,397(1-2):21

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Explosions and periodic tremor at Karymsky volcano, Kamchatka, Russia     

Jonathan M. Lees  Evgenii I. Gordeev  Maurizio Ripepe 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,158(3):1151-1167

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