Structural damage in the cities of Reggiolo and Carpi after the earthquake on May 2012 in Emilia Romagna   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Marco Andreini  Anna De Falco  Linda Giresini  Mauro Sassu 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(5):2445-2480

This paper addresses the structural damage to the main buildings of the cities of Reggiolo and Carpi after the primary earthquake shocks on May 20th and 29th, 2012, in Emilia Romagna. The damage survey, performed via form-based methods, highlights the different seismic behaviour of several types of buildings, especially those having historical features, and the consequences of the damage in terms of costs. Moreover, an analysis of some failure mechanisms activated in Reggiolo enables the evaluation of the local peak ground acceleration, due to the soil amplification.  相似文献   

Relating electrical conduction of alluvial sediments to textural properties and pore‐fluid conductivity     

Mauro Mele  Silvia Inzoli  Mauro Giudici  Riccardo Bersezio 《Geophysical Prospecting》2014,62(3):631-645

Electrical conductivity of alluvial sediments depends on litho‐textural properties, fluid saturation and porewater conductivity. Therefore, for hydrostratigraphic applications of direct current resistivity methods in porous sedimentary aquifers, it can be useful to characterize the prevailing mechanisms of electrical conduction (electrolytic or shale conduction) according to the litho‐textural properties and to the porewater characteristics. An experimental device and a measurement protocol were developed and applied to collect data on eight samples of alluvial sediments from the Po plain (Northern Italy), characterized by different grain‐size distribution, and fully saturated with porewater of variable conductivity. The bulk electrical conductivities obtained with the laboratory tests were interpreted with a classical two‐component model, which requires the identification of the intrinsic conductivity of clay particles and the effective porosity for each sample, and with a three‐component model. The latter is based on the two endmember mechanisms, surface and electrolytic conduction, but takes into account also the interaction between dissolved ions in the pores and the fluid‐grain interface. The experimental data and their interpretation with the phenomenological models show that the volumetric ratio between coarse and fine grains is a simple but effective parameter to determine the electrical behaviour of clastic hydrofacies at the scale of the representative elementary volume.  相似文献   

Evaluation of lindane diffusion along the southeastern Adriatic coastal strip (Mediterranean Sea): a case study in an Albanian industrial area     

Marini M  Betti M  Grati F  Marconi V  Mastrogiacomo AR  Polidori P  Sanxhaku M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(3):472-478

This study aimed to analyze the impact at sea of a pesticide factory located 7 km north of Durres (Albania) by investigating a lowland area under the sea situated 0.7 km from the shoreline. The main product of this factory was lindane. Production ceased in 1991 during the Albanian civil war, and a large amount of industrial waste was dispersed over the ground surrounding the factory, resulting in a high level of lindane pollution. A water-scoop channels the ground water accumulated around the disused factory directly into the sea. The concentrations of lindane in sediments collected along the coasts of the region ranged from 0.60 to 22.55 ng g(-1). The average concentration in the muscles of fish did not exceed the limits specified by European Commission legislation, whereas the concentration in the liver did exceed these limits; consequently, liver is not recommended for consumption.  相似文献   

Out‐of‐plane seismic behaviour of rocking masonry walls     

Omar Al Shawa  Gianmarco de Felice  Alberto Mauro  Luigi Sorrentino 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(5):949-968

The evaluation of the out‐of‐plane behaviour of unreinforced walls is one of the most debated topics in the seismic assessment of existing masonry buildings. The discontinuous nature of masonry and its interaction with the remainder of the building make the dynamic modelling of out‐of‐plane response troublesome. In this paper, the results of a shaking table laboratory campaign on a tuff masonry, natural scale, U‐shaped assemblage (façade adjacent to transverse walls) are presented. The tests, excited by scaled natural accelerograms, replicate the behaviour of external walls in existing masonry buildings, from the beginning of rocking motion to overturning. Two approaches have been developed for modelling the out‐of‐plane seismic behaviour: the discrete element method and an SDOF analytic model. Both approaches are shown to be capable of reproducing the experimental behaviour in terms of maximum rotation and time history dynamic response. Finally, test results and numerical time history simulations have been compared with the Italian seismic code assessment procedures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Investigation on the properties of the relationship between rare and extreme rainfall and flood volumes, under some distributional restrictions   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Mauro Naghettini  Nebai Tavares Gontijo  Maria Manuela Portela 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2012,26(6):859-872

The fact that rainfall data are usually more abundant and more readily regionalized than streamflow data has motivated hydrologists to conceive methods that incorporate the hydrometeorologial information into flood frequency analyses. Some of them, particularly those derived from the French GRADEX method, involve assumptions concerning the relationship between extreme rainfall and flood volumes, under some distributional restrictions. In particular, for rainfall probability distributions exhibiting exponential-like upper tails, it is possible to derive the shape and scale of the probability distribution of flood volumes by hypothesizing the basic properties of such a relationship, under rare and/or extreme conditions. This paper focuses on a parametric mathematical model for the relationship between rare and extreme rainfall and flood volumes under exponentially-tailed distributions. The model is analyzed and fitted to rare and extreme events derived from hydrological simulation of long stochastically-generated synthetic series of rainfall and evaporation for the Indaiá River basin, located in south-central Brazil. The paper also provides a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters in order to better understand flood events under rare and extreme conditions. By working with hydrologically plausible hypothetical events, the modeling approach proved to be a useful way to explore extraordinary rainfall and flood events. The results from this exploratory analysis provide grounds to derive some conclusions regarding the relative positions of the upper tails of the probability distributions of rainfall and flood volumes.  相似文献   

Weathering of granite in Antarctica: I. Light penetration into rock and implications for rock weathering and endolithic communities     

Kevin Hall  Mauro Guglielmin  Andrea Strini 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(2):295-307

Where rocks are composed of translucent minerals, light penetrates the rock and, in so doing, impacts on the thermal conditions. Where minerals are not translucent all the heat transformation must be at the rock surface, and steep thermal gradients can occur. Where light does penetrate, a component of the incoming radiation is transformed to heat at differing depths within the rock, thereby decreasing the thermal gradient. Equally, light transmissive minerals facilitate endolithic communities, which can also play a role in rock weathering. The attribute of light transmission within rock and the impact this has on the resulting thermal conditions has not been considered within rock weathering studies. An attempt was made to monitor the amount of light penetrating the outer 2 mm of coarse granite under Antarctic summer conditions and to evaluate the thermal impact of this. It was found that the amount of light penetration at this site exceeded modeled or postulated values from biological studies and that it could significantly impact the thermal conditions within the outer shell of the rock. Although the resulting data highlighted a number of flaws in the experimental procedure, sufficient information was generated to provide the first assessment of the range of thermal responses due to light transmissive minerals in rock. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Applicability of pushover methods for the seismic analysis of single‐column bent viaducts     

Tatjana Isaković  Mauro Pompeyo Nino Lazaro  Matej Fischinger 《地震工程与结构动力学》2008,37(8):1185-1202

An overview of the applicability of a typical single‐mode pushover method (the N2 method) and two typical multi‐mode pushover methods (the modal pushover analysis (MPA) and incremental response spectrum analysis (IRSA) methods) for the analysis of single column bent viaducts in the transverse direction is presented. Previous research, which was limited to relatively short viaducts supported by few columns, has been extended to longer viaducts with more bents. The single‐mode N2 method is accurate enough for bridges where the effective modal mass of the fundamental mode is at least 80% of the total mass. The applicability of this method depends on (a) the ratio of the stiffness of the superstructure to that of the bents and (b) the strength of the bents. In short bridges with few columns, the accuracy of the N2 method increases as the seismic intensity increases, whereas in long viaducts (e.g. viaducts with lengths greater than 500 m) the method is in general less effective. In the case of the analyzed moderately irregular long viaducts, which are common in construction design practice, the MPA method performed well. For the analysis of bridges where the modes change significantly, depending on the seismic intensity, the IRSA method is in principle more appropriate, unless a viaduct is torsionally sensitive. In such cases, all simplified methods should be used with care. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Mapping the environmental risk of a tourist harbor in order to foster environmental security: Objective vs. subjective assessments     

Petrosillo Irene  Vassallo Paolo  Mensa Jean Alberto  Fabiano Mauro 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(7):1051-1058

A new definition of environmental security gives equal importance to the objective and subjective assessments of environmental risk. In this framework, the management of tourist harbors has to take into account managers’ perceptions. The subject of the present study is a tourist harbor in southern Italy where six different managers are present. This paper aims to assess subjectively and objectively the environmental risks associated with the harbor, and to compare the results to provide estimates of environmental security. Hereby managers have been interviewed and a simple model is used for making preliminary assessment of environmental risks. The comparison of the results highlighted a common mismatch between risk perception and risk assessment. We demonstrated that the old part of the harbor is less secure than the new part. In addition, one specific manager representing a public authority showed a leading role in ensuring the environmental security of the whole harbor.  相似文献   

Italian accelerometric archive: geological, geophysical and geotechnical investigations at strong-motion stations     

Lucia Luzi  Sara Lovati  Ezio D’Alema  Simone Marzorati  Domenico Di Giacomo  Salomon Hailemikael  Ettore Cardarelli  Michele Cercato  Gerarda Di Filippo  Giuliano Milana  Giuseppe Di Giulio  Mario Rainone  Patrizio Torrese  Patrizio Signanini  Gabriele Scarascia Mugnozza  Stefano Rivellino  Antonella Gorini 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2010,8(5):1189-1207

Geological, geophysical and geotechnical investigations, for the characterization of the strong-motion recording sites managed by the Italian Civil Protection, have been carried out in the framework of the project “Italian strong-motion database in the period 1972–2004”. The project aimed at creating an updated database of strong-motion data acquired in Italy by different institutions in the time span 1972–2004, and at improving the quality of disseminated data. This article illustrates the state of the recording site characterization before the beginning of the project, explains the criteria adopted to select the sites where geophysical/geotechnical investigation have been performed and describes the results of the promoted field surveys.  相似文献   

Effect of a cement-lignin agent on the shear behavior of Shanghai dredged marine soils     

Wenbai Liu  Gabriele Chiaro  Hongming Jiang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(1):17-25

With the rapid urbanization in Shanghai, China, suitable fill materials have been reported to be in great shortage in recent years. A prospective solution to these issues is to convert the huge amount of existing dredged marine soils to construction materials via solidification. However, there have been no studies on the shear behavior of solidified dredged materials from Shanghai region so far, while it has been reported by various researchers that the available data obtained from certain types of clay cannot be confidently and readily applied to other types of soils. To address this challenging issue, in this article, samples of Shanghai marine dredged soils were retrieved from the world’s largest reclamation project in Shanghai Lin-gang New City. A series of laboratory tests have been conducted to investigate the shear behavior of Shanghai dredged marine soils solidified using a new composite curing agent made of cement and lignin. The test results and the effect of this cement–lignin agent on the shear behavior of Shanghai marine soils, including the stress–strain behavior, shear strength properties, and failure characteristics are presented and discussed, which can provide valuable reference for the use of dredged soils as construction materials in the Shanghai region.  相似文献