The drainage of Lake Ojibway in glaciolacustrine sediments of northern Ontario and Quebec,Canada          下载免费PDF全文

Virginie Daubois  Martin Roy  Jean J. Veillette  Maxime Ménard 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2015,44(2):305-318

Physical evidence for the drainage of glacial lakes remains relatively rare in depositional records, giving rise to much debate on the location of outlets and discharge pathways, as well as on the climate impact of the attendant meltwater forcing. Lake Ojibway developed following the withdrawal of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in northern Ontario and Quebec, Canada. The late‐stage evolution of this large ice‐dammed lake was influenced by the complex dynamics of the retreating ice margin, which highly complicates the identification of the termination of Lake Ojibway in glaciolacustrine sediment records. Here, we document the composition of sections of rhythmites that contain in their upper part an anomalously thick and whitish bed (10–15 cm) that is in turn overlain by ～1 m of faintly bedded rhythmites. Grain‐size analyses showed that the thick whitish bed consists primarily of fine to coarse silt (2–63 μm), contrasting with the lower and upper rhythmites that are largely dominated by clay (<2 μm). The detrital carbonate content of the thick silt bed is characterized by consistently high values (2.5 to 2.8%), whereas the bounding rhythmites show lower and highly variable values. Oxygen isotope measurements further show a marked change going from typical glacial meltwater values (～ ?29.6 to ?27.7‰; VSMOW) for the lower rhythmites and the silt bed to modern‐like meteoric values (?18.4 to ?14.6‰) for the uppermost rhythmites. These data suggest that this marker bed may be associated with a major drawdown event that possibly corresponds to the final drainage of Lake Ojibway. AMS radiocarbon dating of ostracods extracted from the drainage bed also documents an important hardwater effect within the Ojibway basin.  相似文献   

Spectroscopic investigation and theoretical modeling of kaolinite-group minerals and other low-temperature phases     

Etienne Balan  Emmanuel Fritsch  Thierry Allard  Guillaume Morin  Maxime Guillaumet  Simon Delattre  Marc Blanchard  Georges Calas 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2011,343(2-3):177-187

This article summarizes some recent results obtained on the physical properties of environmental minerals, mostly kaolinite-group minerals and Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides occurring in lateritic soils. The defective structure of these minerals, including impurities, stacking faults and radiation-induced defects, is probed using infrared spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance. Resulting information bears on models of soil formation and transformation mechanisms of minerals in low-temperature environments. We underline the increasing impact of quantum chemical modeling in this field, providing straightforward interpretations of spectroscopic signals and overcoming the limits of fingerprint approaches. Importantly, the first-principles modeling of isotopic fractionation factors provides new links between mineralogical and geochemical investigations of secondary minerals.  相似文献   

Tests of Significance for Structural Correlations in the Linear Model of Coregionalization     

Pierre?DutilleulEmail author  Bernard?Pelletier 《Mathematical Geosciences》2011,43(7):819-846

In the linear model of coregionalization (LMC), when applicable to the experimental direct variograms and the experimental cross variogram computed for two random functions, the variability of and relationships between the random functions are modeled with the same basis functions. In particular, structural correlations can be defined from entries of sill matrices (coregionalization matrices) under second-order stationarity. In this article, modified t-tests are proposed for assessing the statistical significance of estimated structural correlations. Their specific aspects and fundamental differences, compared with an existing modified t-test for global correlation analysis with spatial data, are discussed via estimated effective sample sizes, in relation to the superimposition of random structural components, the range of autocorrelation, the presence of correlation at another structure, and the sampling scheme. Accordingly, simulation results are presented for one structure versus two structures (one without and the other with autocorrelation). The performance of tests is shown to be related to the uncertainty associated with the estimation of variogram model parameters (range, sill matrix entries), because these are involved in the test statistic and the degrees of freedom of the associated t-distribution through the estimated effective sample size. Under the second-order stationarity and LMC assumptions, the proposed tests are generally valid.  相似文献   

Colloidal complexed silver and silver nanoparticles in extrapallial fluid of Mytilus edulis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zuykov M  Pelletier E  Demers S 《Marine environmental research》2011,71(1):17-21

Metal transport in mollusk extrapallial fluid (EPF) that acts as a "bridge" between soft tissues and shell has surprisingly received little attention until now. Using ultrafiltration and radiotracer techniques we determined silver concentrations and speciation in the EPF of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis after short-term uptake and depuration laboratory experiments. Radiolabelled silver ((11?m)Ag) was used in dissolved or nanoparticulate phases (AgNPs < 40 nm), with a similar low Ag concentration (total radioactive and cold Ag ~0.7 μg/L) in a way that mussels could uptake radiotracers only from seawater. Our results indicated that silver nanoparticles were transported to the EPF of blue mussels at a level similar to the Ag ionic form. Bulk activity of radiolabelled silver in the EPF represented only up to 7% of the bulk activity measured in the whole mussels. The EPF extracted from mussels exposed to both treatments exhibited an Ag colloidal complexed form based on EPF ultrafiltration through a 3 kDa filter. This original study brings new insights to internal circulation of nanoparticles in living organisms and contributes to the international effort in studying the potential impacts of engineered nanomaterials on marine bivalves which play an essential role in coastal ecosystems, and are important contributors to human food supply from the sea.  相似文献   

Addressing uncertainty upstream or downstream of accounting for emissions reductions from deforestation and forest degradation     

Johanne Pelletier  Jonah Busch  Catherine Potvin 《Climatic change》2015,130(4):635-648

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Mineral Processing Symposium — Société de l'Industrie Minérale — Paris 1973     

Maxime Brandela 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1974,1(1):101-105

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A homogenization approach for evaluating the longitudinal shear stiffness of reinforced soils: column versus cross trench configuration     

Maxime Gueguin  Patrick de Buhan  Ghazi Hassen 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(18):3150-3172

The macroscopic linear elastic behaviour of inclusion‐reinforced soils, regarded as periodic composite media, is investigated by means of the homogenization theory. Special attention is given here to the determination of their longitudinal shear stiffness properties, which strongly govern the reinforced ground response under lateral loading. Combining the use of analytical, variational and numerical methods, we thoroughly examined three particular engineering‐relevant configurations: single trench, column and cross trench reinforcements. Fairly accurate closed‐form expressions are thus obtained, giving the value of the reinforced soil longitudinal shear stiffness as a function of the individual components shear moduli and reinforcement volume fraction. It is shown in particular that adopting a cross trench reinforcement layout instead of the classical column configuration results in a much higher improvement of the longitudinal shear stiffness. The results are then applied to assessing the reduction of soil liquefaction risk, which can be attributed to the presence of the reinforcing inclusions. Again, they clearly demonstrate the excellent performance of the cross trench configuration as compared with the complete inefficiency of the column reinforcement technique. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Expanding the range of brominated Q1 analogues     

Teuten EL  Saint-Louis R  Pedler BE  Xu L  Pelletier E  Reddy CM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(5):578-582

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Structural identification of long-chain polyamines associated with diatom biosilica in a Southern Ocean sediment core     

Maxime C. Bridoux 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(14):4044-1574

Long-chain polyamines (LCPAs) constitute a new family of natural organic compounds that have recently been isolated and characterized from the biosilicified cell walls of diatom cultures. To date, diatom-specific polyamines have not been investigated from the marine environment and their fate in the environment is entirely unknown. Here, we report a series of LCPAs in a diatom frustule-rich sediment core (TNO57-13 PC4), originating from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and spanning from the Holocene to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) revealed a complex mixture of linear polyamines with at least 28 individual molecular species. Ion trap mass fragmentation studies, combined with high resolution Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry showed that the polyamine pool consisted of a series of N-methylated propylamine compounds attached to a putrescine moiety, with individual LCPAs varying in chain length and degree of methylation. The structural similarity between LCPAs extracted from the diatom-rich sediment core and those extracted from the frustules of cultured diatoms suggests that sedimentary LCPAs are derived from diatom frustules. We hypothesize that these intrinsically labile organic molecular fossils are protected from diagenesis by encapsulation within the frustule. These compounds constitute a new class of biomarkers that could potentially be indicators of diatom species distribution. Isotopic analysis of LCPAs could be used to improve age models for sediment cores that lack calcium carbonate and to improve current interpretations of diatom-based paleoproxies, including diatom-bound nitrogen isotopes.  相似文献   

A catalog of tsunamis in New Caledonia from 28 March 1875 to 30 September 2009     

Alexandre Sahal  Bernard Pelletier  Jean Chatelier  Franck Lavigne  François Schindelé 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(6):434-447

In order to establish a tsunami alert system in New Caledonia in April 2008, the French Secretary of State for Overseas Affairs, with the aid of the UNESCO French Commission, mandated an investigation to build a more complete record of the most recent tsunamis. To complete this task, a call for witnesses was broadcast through various media and in public locations. These witnesses were then interviewed onsite about the phenomenon they had observed. Previous witness reports that had been obtained in the last few years were also used. For the most recent events, various archives were consulted. In total, 18 events were documented, of which 12 had not been previously mentioned in past work. These results confirm an exposure to a hazard of: (1) local origin (the southern part of the Vanuatu arc) with a very short post-seismic delay (< 30 min) before the arrival of wave trains; (2) regional origin (Solomon Islands arc, northern part of the Vanuatu arc) with a delay of several hours; and (3) an exposure to trans-oceanic tsunamis (Kamchatka 1952, South Chile 1960, Kuril Islands 2006, North Tonga 2009), unknown until today. These results highlight the necessity for New Caledonia to adopt an alert system, coupled with ocean tide gauges, that liaises with the main alert system for the Pacific (Pacific Tsunami Warning Center), and brings to light the importance of establishing a prevention campaign.  相似文献