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961.
Developing land use scenario dynamics model by the integration of system dynamics model and cellular automata model 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
HE Chunyang SHI Peijun CHEN Jin Li Xiaobing PAN Yaozhong LI Jing LI Yuechen & LI Jinggang Key Laboratory of Environmental Change Natural Disaster Ministry of Education of China Beijing Normal University College of Resources Science & Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(11):1979-1989
Models of land use change are useful tools for un-derstanding the analysis of the cause and conse-quences of land use changes, assessing the impacts of land use system on ecological system and supporting land use planning and policy[1,2]. Modeling land use scenario changes and its potential impacts on the structure and function of the ecosystem in the typical regions are regarded as one of the good ways to un-derstand the interactive mechanism between land use system and ecological system[3―10… 相似文献
962.
藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a作为特征色素常用于表征蓝藻的生物量.藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a通常用荧光光谱或原位荧光强度检测,但是在实际水体中藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a的荧光效应相互干扰会影响测量精度,极大限制了该方法的应用.本文根据朗伯比尔定律,利用二阶矩阵模型设计了一套在荧光检测过程中"激发光-发射光"优化抗干扰的波长选择方法,并利用多元线性回归分析建立了两种色素浓度与荧光强度之间的多元校正线性模型,实验验证了所筛选蓝藻荧光分析法中特定激发光和发射光波长的有效性.本研究实现了两种色素检测过程中的成功解耦,可在藻蓝蛋白的原位检测中排除水体中藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a之间的相互干扰,提高藻蓝蛋白和叶绿素a的原位检测精度,为开发便携式蓝藻检测传感器时的波长选择提供理论基础. 相似文献
963.
胶体是一种分散相粒子具有特定粒径(通常为1 nm~1μm)的混合物,天然水体中的胶体通常是指水环境中普遍存在,而又符合“胶体”形态定义的物质的总和.因为具有特殊的表面性质以及独特的水动力学特点,天然水体中的胶体被认为是一种重要的污染物载体,尤其在促进重金属类的污染物迁移以及性质转化的过程中具有重要作用.本文归纳总结了水环境研究领域中胶体概念的提出与发展,讨论了现有研究中对胶体的定义与理解,比较了当前几种主要的胶体提取手段的特点.同时,针对胶体在水环境中的环境行为,详细归纳了河湖水体中胶体的物质组成、特征以及相应的检测手段,重点总结了胶体在水环境中对污染物的结合作用、胶体污染物的生物效应、胶体自身的团聚规律以及胶体对污染物迁移的影响机制.本文提出了胶体在水环境中复杂的组成成分与动态变化在胶体研究中的重要性,并对进一步揭示胶体环境效应的研究思路以及方法手段进行了展望. 相似文献
964.
单纯形定位方法在新疆数字地震台网的测定精度分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地震定位是地震学中最基本的问题之一,现阶段大部分采用基于走时的方法。单纯形定位方法作为一种直接搜索类的方法,在新疆测震台网日常地震目录产出中发挥了重要作用。本文采用数值模拟的方法,利用新疆测震台网现有布局,结合“3400”走时表,分析单纯形定位方法在新疆测震台网的测定精度。研究表明,对于新疆测震台网网内浅源地震,单纯形定位方法能够得出较为精确的震中位置,而得出的网外地震震中位置存在一定偏差;初至折射波对震源深度有一定的控制能力,速度模型的准确性对震源深度和发震时刻的测定影响较大。 相似文献
965.
VARIATION OF THE TRAVEL TIME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TELESEISMIC PS CONVERTED WAVE AND PP TRANSMITTED WAVE IN FOCAL REGION BEFORE AND AFTER WENCHUAN MS8.0 EARTHQUAKE 下载免费PDF全文
When P waves from distant earthquakes meet a velocity discontinuity in the earth's crust and upper mantle, they give rise to a series of converted PS waves besides PP refracted waves. It is possible to monitor the variation of the physical properties of the medium in the limited formation space above the transition zone of the seismogenic zone by measuring the time difference between the teleseismic PS converted wave and the first arrival P wave, that is, time-variation ΔtPS=tPS-tP. The advantage of this method is that the transition point of the teleseismic source with similar source is relatively stable at the transition interface, and the accuracy of the measured relative time is high, and the change of the medium in a small range of the seismogenic zone above the conversion interface can be monitored.
This paper studies the variation of the travel time difference ΔtPS in focal region before and after Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake. We select 2001 to 2012 as the research period, use teleseismic waveforms which occurred in the southern region of Sumatra and Hindu Kush area recorded by Sichuan station YZP and JJS. These teleseisms satisfy 5.0 ≤ M ≤ 6.5, and their waveform signal-to-noise ratio is high with clear initial P-wave motion. The epicentral distance of teleseisms is less than 3 degrees. Then we obtain the variation of the travel time difference ΔtPS between teleseismic PS converted wave and PP transmitted wave recorded during the study period in the two stations. The results show that there is a slow increasing trend of ΔtPS before 2006, and an obvious low value process of ΔtPS appeared in the period about 2 years before the Wenchuan earthquake. The maximum decline was about 0.2~0.3s, more than 4~5 times the measurement error. The low value has a certain degree of return about 2~3 months before the earthquake.
The change of arrival time difference indicates that the medium is in different states in different periods of seismogenic process. The sharp decrease in ΔtPS from 2006 to January 2008 may be due to the strong disturbance caused by the stress accumulation of the medium. At this stage, the velocity of P wave and S wave increases with the increase of stress, and the increase of S wave velocity will result in the decrease of ΔtPS. The change of ΔtPS is greatly affected by S wave velocity, so ΔtPS appears to decrease rapidly. Regarding the low value that has a certain degree of return about 2~3 months before the Wenchuan earthquake, the possible reason is that the release of stress is much higher than the accumulation of stress in meta-instability stage. At this stage, the velocity of S wave decreases and the decrease of S wave causes ΔtPS to increase. Then, the Wenchuan earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred. It is shown that the teleseismic converted wave method in this paper can monitor the variation of medium's wave velocity before large earthquakes, and it has a good prospect in seismic monitoring and worth further experimental study. 相似文献
966.
为了解决采用Trimble GX 3D地面激光三维扫描仪分析互层胶结土中正断层地震地表破裂位错特征时,未有效模拟地表垂直和水平位移的基本特征,获取的地表破裂位错特征结果不准确的问题。提出新的互层胶结土中正断层地震地表破裂位错特征研究方法,先构建地震地表弹性位错模型,分析互层胶结土正断层的地表三维断裂特征,得到地表在受到走滑、逆冲和张开错动导致的地表错位变化情况;再通过正断层地震地表破裂离心机试验,获得互层胶结土中正断层地震地表破裂位错特征。试验结果说明,所提方法可有效分析互层胶结土中正断层地震地表破裂位错特征,且破裂点在土体模型中部和中下部的裂缝深度分别为22.4 m和33.4 m,裂缝上的破裂点处于土体模型的中下部时,裂缝的深度越深。 相似文献
967.
Lee Guan-hong Shin Hyun-Jung Kim Young Taeg Dellapenna Timothy M. Kim Kuk Jin Williams Joshua Kim Seok-Yun Figueroa Steven Miguel 《Ocean Dynamics》2019,69(9):1101-1120
Ocean Dynamics - To understand siltation processes within the North Port of Incheon, Korea, this study estimated the sedimentation rate and then determined the dominant mechanisms for the... 相似文献
968.
969.
Jin Huijun Jin Xiaoying He Ruixia Luo Dongliang Chang Xiaoli Wang Shaoling Marchenko Sergey S Yang Sizhong Yi Chaolu Li Shijie Harris Stuart A 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(8):1207-1223
The formation and evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka were reconstructed on the basis of large amount of paleo-permafrost remains and paleo-periglacial evidence, as well as paleo-glacial landforms, paleo-flora and paleofauna records. The results indicate that, during the local Last Glacial Maximum(LLGM) or local Last Permafrost Maximum(LLPMax), the extent of permafrost of China reached 5.3×106-5.4×106 km2, or thrice that of today, but permafrost shrank to only0.80×106-0.85×106 km2, or 50% that of present, during the local Holocene Megathermal Period(LHMP), or the local Last Permafrost Minimum(LLPMin). On the basis of the dating of periglacial remains and their distributive features, the extent of permafrost in China was delineated for the two periods of LLGM(LLPMax) and LHMP(LLPMin), and the evolution of permafrost in China was divided into seven periods as follows:(1) LLGM in Late Pleistocene(ca. 20000 to 13000-10800 a BP)with extensive evidence for the presence of intensive ice-wedge expansion for outlining its LLPMax extent;(2) A period of dramatically changing climate during the early Holocene(10800 to 8500-7000 a BP) when permafrost remained relatively stable but with a general trend of shrinking areal extent;(3) The LHMP in the Mid-Holocene(8500-7000 to 4000-3000 a BP)when permafrost degraded intensively and extensively, and shrank to the LLPMin;(4) Neoglaciation during the late Holocene(4000-3000 to 1000 a BP, when permafrost again expanded;(5) Medieval Warming Period(MWP) in the late Holocene(1000-500 a BP) when permafrost was in a relative decline;(6) Little Ice Age(LIA) in the late Holocene(500-100 a BP), when permafrost relatively expanded, and;(7) Recent warming(during the 20 th century), when permafrost continuously degraded and still is degrading. The paleo-climate, geography and paleopermafrost extents and other features were reconstructed for each of these seven periods. 相似文献
970.
顺层岩质边坡的抗震性指标大部分都是非确定的,无法用固定阈值衡量。提出基于非确定性分析法的顺层边坡抗震性性能研究,将顺层岩质边坡看作若干个叠加的薄板;运用非确定性分析法计算各个薄板的动力安全系数和动力极限状态方程,并对顺层边坡动力极限状态方程进行求解,可得在地震作用力下顺层边坡动力可靠度指标与顺层边坡失效概率之间的关系;评估地震作用力下顺层边坡整体稳定性,同时综合考量顺岩边坡的最小平均安全系数以及平均失效概率,得出评估结果。实验结果显示,在地震作用力下,顺层边坡坡高、坡角、岩层倾角对顺岩边坡抗震性能影响显著,评估结果与实际结果一致。 相似文献