Properties and performance of a high volume fly ash grout     

Ayşe Pekrioglu Balkis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(1):73-82

Abstract

This study investigated the penetrability of high volume fly ash cement suspensions prepared with and without superplasticizer into sandy soil having different relative densities with 30%, 60%, 73%, and 83% through permeation grouting. Class C fly ash was used due to its pozzolanic activity and fineness. Due to engineering characteristics and cost, cementitious grouts are the most commonly used grout in both waterproofing and ground strengthening. Fly ash-cement grouts have relatively constant and low viscosity values for a reasonable period after preparation, exhibit limited or negligible bleed capacity and set and develop satisfactory strength within a relatively short period. Modeling of grouting of soil was done in laboratory and improvements in physical and mechanical properties of grouted soil were analyzed. Unconfined compressive strength, shear strength and permeability characteristics of grouted soil were studied as a result. Unconfined compressive strength values of grouted sand with high volume fly ash ranged between 410 and 1107?kPa. Morover, cohesion values were comparable to microfine cement grouting ranging from 373 to 511?kPa. Furthermore, permeability values were also approximately equal to the permeability of impervious liners, which is around 1?×?10^?7?cm/s. The findings support the applicability of grouting in different applications.  相似文献   

Response of the outer ionosphere to a magnetic storm at equinox     

F. Jiříček  J. Šmilauer  P. Tříska  L. Třísková  K. Kudela 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1995,39(4):425-448

Summary The observations of the ACTIVE Project satellites in the interval of March 17–23, 1990 were analyzed for the purpose of studying the response of the outer ionosphere to the magnetic storm with SSC on March 20 at 22.43 UT. In particular, measurements of thermal plasma parameters were used, but VLF broadband measurements and data on energetic ion and electron fluxes in the range of 17.7–272 keV were also available. The results of this case study show that the observations in the morning sector at altitudes around 2000 km reflect well the state of the plasmasphere during enhanced activity, namely the depth to which the plasmasphere has been affected by enhanced magnetospheric convection. They also provide the possibility of monitoring the initial phase of recovery. The early evening observations of the plasma parameters in the outer ionosphere at altitudes of 500–1000 km indicate a distinct trough in electron concentration. In the dusk sector, the equatorward edge of this trough can be assumed to be the projection of the equatorial plasmapause. This, combined with the occurrence of electron temperature peaks and with the morning plasmapause position, enables one to judge whether the plasmaspheric bulge has formed and whether an inner plasmapause has occurred.  相似文献   

Sr-Nd isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of the Central Bohemian Pluton,Czech Republic     

Vojtěch Janoušek  Graeme Rogers  D. R. Bowes 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1995,84(3):520-534

The Sr-Nd isotopic data for selected granitoids of the Central Bohemian Pluton show a broad negative correlation with the total range of (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)₃₃₀ = 0.7051–0.7129 and _Nd ³³⁰ = +0.2 to –8.9. The older intrusions have more depleted Sr-Nd compositions and calc-alkaline geochemistry (Sázava suite), whereas the younger intrusions shift towards K-rich calc-alkaline (Blatná suite) and shoshonitic rocks (íany and ertovo bemeno suites) with more evolved isotopic signatures. The distribution of the data is interpreted as reflecting a diversity of sources and processes, rather than a single progressive crustal contamination trend. The Sázava suite could have originated by partial melting of metabasites, or of a mantle source with an isotopic composition close to bulk earth, or by hybridization of crustally-derived tonalitic and mantle-derived magmas. Variation within the Blatná suite is modelled by mixing between a moderately enriched [(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)₃₃₀ 0.708, _Nd ³³⁰ –3] mantle component with either an isotopically evolved metasedimentary component, or with more evolved magmas of the suite. The íany suite was most probably produced by partial melting of peraluminous lithologies, possibly of the adjacent Moldanubian unit. The ertovo bemeno suite evolved from strongly enriched mantle-derived magmas [(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)₃₃₀0.7128, _Nd ³³⁰ –7], either through closed-system fractional crystallization or interaction with magma corresponding to leucogranites of the Central Bohemian Pluton.  相似文献   

Television spectra of meteors     

Jiří Borovička  Jaroslav Boček 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1995,71(3):237-244

The first results of the television observations of meteors at the Ondejov Observatory are presented. It is shown that three spectral components may be distinguished in meteors: cool meteoric, hot meteoric and hot atmospheric. The intensity ratio of these components varies strongly even in meteors of the same velocity and within the records of single meteors. This is evidence for variations in the ablation process and in the formation of the shock wave. The so called calcium anomaly is in fact only a demonstration of these variations.  相似文献   

Tag retention and survival of fish tagged in controlled pond experiments     

Wiesław Wiśniewolski  Jerzy Nabiałek 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1993,55(2):143-152

Fish survival, tag retention and tag loss were evaluated in pond experiments and described by linear regression equations. Tagging of fish had no significant influence on their survival. However, loss of tags caused strong differences between actual fish survival and the survival rate e^–z estimated on recovered tags. Mathematical functions were derived to correct tag loss. Values of those functions depend upon the type of tag and time after tagging. The B-type of tagging, which approximated the Swedish Carlin method, appeared to be most effective. The rate of tag loss was independent of the fish species (common carp, tench) used in the experiments.  相似文献   

Column densities of Interstellar Gas in the direction of the starε Ori (B0 IA)     

H. Hüseyin Menteşe 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1994,220(2):279-287

We have investigated the star Ori with IUE high resolution SWP spectrum in order to derive curve of growth and column densities of Al II, Si II, S II, Fe II, Ni II and Zn II. It has been possible to fit these ions on one empirical curve of growth with a velocity parameterb = 11 km s^–1 for the star studied.Based on observations made by the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE), and collected at the Villafranca Satellite Tracking Station of the European Space Agency.  相似文献   

Large-Scale Active Coronal Phenomena in YOHKOH SXT Images. III. Enhanced Post-Flare Streamer     

Švestka  Zdeněk  Fárník  František  Hick  Paul  Hudson  Hugh S.  Uchida  Yutaka 《Solar physics》1997,176(2):355-371

We demonstrate several events where an eruptive flare close to the limb gave rise to a transient coronal streamer visible in X-rays in Yohkoh SXT images, and analyze one of these events, on 28–29 October 1992, in detail. A coronal helmet streamer began to appear 2 hours after the flare, high above rising post-flare loops; the streamer became progressively narrower, reaching its minimum width 7–12 hours after the flare, and widened again thereafter, until it eventually disappeared. Several other events behaved in a similar way. We suggest that the minimum width indicates the time when the streamer became fully developed. All the time the temperature in the helmet streamer structure was decreasing, which can explain the subsequent fictitious widening of the X-ray streamer. It is suggested that we may see here two systems of reconnection on widely different altitudes, one giving rise to the post-flare loops while the other creates (or re-forms) the coronal helmet streamer. A similar interpretation was suggested in 1990 by Kopp and Polettofor post-flare giant arches observed on board the SMM; indeed, there are some similarities between these post-flare helmet streamers and giant arches and, with the low spatial resolution of SMM instruments, it is possible that some helmet streamers could have been considered to be a kind of a giant arch.  相似文献   

European Observation Network: Ground - Based Support for Gamma-Ray Satellites     

René Hudec  Pavel Spurný  Jan Florián  Jaroslav Boček  Miloš Tichý  Jana Tichá  Libor Vyskočil  Wolfgang Wenzel  Scott Barthelmy  Thomas Cline  Niels Gehrels  Gerald Fishman  Chryssa Kouveliotou  Charles Meegan  Asen Mutafov 《Experimental Astronomy》1997,7(4):319-323

We present first preliminary results obtained with the European Observation Network consisting of 9 observatories in the Czech Republic, Germany and Bulgaria. We also discuss related problems such as the background of unknown variable stars and suggest a strategy for work in this area.  相似文献   

Stereoscopic measurements of flares from PHOBOS and GOES     

Howard A. Garcia  František Fárník 《Solar physics》1991,131(1):137-148

A unique approach to observing the Sun stereoscopically in soft X-rays was afforded by the PHOBOS mission to Mars during 1989. Concurrent measurements of two flares from two widely separated spacecraft allowed us to obtain estimates of each flare's height above the solar surface. The requirement was that the flare had to be over the limb as observed by one spacecraft and on the visible disk as viewed by the other. The first flare occurred on March 4, when the active region was beyond the east limb as observed by GOES (at Earth), but on the disk as viewed by PHOBOS (at Mars). The second flare, on March 15, was on the disk for GOES, but beyond the west limb for PHOBOS. We believe that the same extraordinary active region, 5395, was responsible for both events. Soft X-ray photometers on each spacecraft contained two broad-band channels. The two-channel data were used to computeflare (assumed isothermal) plasma temperatures. The sharply peaked flare on March 4 indicated essentially identical maximum electron temperatures ( 13 Mk) at both spacecraft, confirming that the hottest plasma was indeed concentrated at the highest (unocculted) part of the loop. However, in the case of the long-duration March 15 flare, whose loop was in apparent upwards motion, the partially occulted flare indicated substantially cooler temperatures. This finding suggests that the hot core of this flare may have been below the limb, or that the partially occulted flux originated not from post-flare loops but from an independent, higher X-ray arch. The PHOBOS and GOES X-ray photometers were intercompared in July 1988, soon after the PHOBOS launch, to establish relative calibration parameters.  相似文献   

VLF quarter-gyrofrequency plasmaspheric emissions as observed by intercosmos 24 and magion 2 satellites     

J. Bošková  F. Jiříček  J. Šmilauer  P. Tříska 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1992,36(3):257-268

Summary Quarter-gyrofrequency plasmaspheric emissions with spectral properties differing from those of discrete plasmaspheric emissions, usual in active intervals, have been observed by low-altitude Intercosmos 24 and Magion 2 satellites during periods in which geomagnetic activity decreases. Their occurrence in satellite records shows very good correlation with simultaneously observed subauroral electron temperature enhancements and increase of electron temperature anisotropyT _e being larger than T _e . An analysis of the observed wave characteristics is given. Propagation of the emissions within the plasmasphere is discussed. It is shown that the region where they are observed at low altitudes can be closely connected along geomagnetic field lines with the equatorial region of their origin.  相似文献