火山碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素 ——-以塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组-南屯组为例     

郭欣欣  刘立  蒙启安  于淼  于志超  宋土顺 《世界地质》2013,32(2):290-299

以塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组-南屯组火山碎屑岩为例,结合岩石学观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析等技术手段,研究火山碎屑岩储层特征及其影响因素。综合研究认为: 火山碎屑岩岩石类型主要包括凝灰岩( 熔结凝灰岩) 、沉凝灰岩和凝灰质砂( 砾) 岩; 发育有原生孔隙、原生裂缝、次生孔隙、次生裂缝等4 类10 种储集空间,且以次生溶孔为主; 属于中低孔--特低渗型储层,横向上靠近洼陷边缘、接近构造高部位的孔隙度和渗透率较高,纵向上在1 900 ～ 2 100 m、2 600 ～ 2 900 m 处存在两个明显的异常高孔隙带; 储集性能受岩性岩相、构造运动、成岩作用和有机质热演化等因素影响,其中岩性岩相和成岩作用是影响储层储集性能的主要影响因素。  相似文献   

东太平洋海隆1.23°N~5.70°S区域洋脊玄武岩特征及岩浆作用探讨     

于淼  苏新  陶春辉  武光海  倪建宇  吕士辉  李怀明 《地学前缘》2013,20(5):87-105

东太平洋海隆洋脊玄武岩具有不同的类型。对1.23°N(EPR(A))、3.10°S(EPR(B))和5.70°S(EPR(C))3区域洋脊玄武岩元素地球化学分析发现,EPR(A)附近样品属于富集型玄武岩,其他2个区样品基本属于亏损型玄武岩。EPR(A)区附近洋脊玄武岩具有斜长石含量高、自形程度好、粒径大、高Al2O3、低TFeO和低MgO等特征;EPR(B)和EPR(C)区玄武岩整体上为亏损型,具有斜长石含量低、粒径小、高TFeO、高MgO等特征。EPR(A)区岩浆来源较浅,且在浅部岩浆房内经历了较为强烈的岩浆混合结晶作用,其混合作用有3个阶段。同时该区产生斜长石斑晶的堆积作用,喷出岩浆具有高黏度、低密度特征。与之相比,其他2个区域岩浆来源可能较深,并且所经历的低压岩浆混合作用期次可能较少。从岩相学及Sr和Eu元素含量特征来看,岩浆演化过程中经历了单斜辉石的高压分离作用,而斜长石在这一过程中很可能没有经历分离作用。  相似文献   

利用雷达回波三维拼图资料识别雷暴大风统计研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

李国翠  刘黎平  连志鸾  周淼  李哲 《气象学报》2014,72(1):168-181

应用雷达回波三维组网拼图数据、加密自动站和地面灾害大风资料,对2008—2012年京津冀地区20次区域性雷暴大风天气过程进行了统计。检验了基于模糊逻辑建立的利用回波强度识别大风的算法,分析了大风出现的位置。该大风识别算法确定了雷暴大风的6个雷达识别指标及其对应的权重系数和不同季节的隶属函数。检验分析块状回波、带状回波和片状回波3类大风过程的识别效果,结果表明：块状回波类大风是由孤立的强单体风暴引发的,风暴单体具有回波强、回波顶高、垂直积分液态水含量大和移动快等特点,雷暴大风多出现在风暴单体附近且二者移动路径一致;带状回波的长度远大于宽度,主要包含飑线和弓状回波,大风影响范围广且多位于带状回波的前沿一带;片状回波多指大面积层云回波中镶嵌着强回波单体块的混合回波,对应出现的雷暴大风多位于风暴单体的周边区域。3类回波识别到的可能出现大风区域与实测大风范围基本吻合,块状、带状和片状3种类型的雷暴大风命中率分别为96.2%、68.6%和45.3%,漏报率分别为3.8%、31.4%和54.7%。由于垂直积分液态水含量偏低和回波强度弱,片状雷暴大风识别漏报相对较多;空报原因除了与测站分布稀疏有很大关系外,也与识别算法本身有关。识别检验证明雷暴大风综合识别方法是合理可靠、切实可行的,可以为雷暴大风的短时临近预警业务和系统开发提供技术支撑,这一工作也为进一步预警大风出现的位置提供了基础。  相似文献   

Future changes of the terrestrial ecosystem based on a dynamic vegetation model driven with RCP8.5 climate projections from 19 GCMs     

Miao Yu  Guiling Wang  Dana Parr  Kazi Farzan Ahmed 《Climatic change》2014,127(2):257-271

Future changes of terrestrial ecosystems due to changes in atmospheric CO₂ concentration and climate are subject to a large degree of uncertainty, especially for vegetation in the Tropics. Here, we evaluate the natural vegetation response to projected future changes using an improved version of a dynamic vegetation model (CLM-CN-DV) driven with climate change projections from 19 global climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The simulated equilibrium vegetation distribution under historical climate (1981–2000) has been compared with that under the projected future climate (2081–2100) scenario for Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) to qualitatively assess how natural potential vegetation might change in the future. With one outlier excluded, the ensemble average of vegetation changes corresponding to climates of 18 GCMs shows a poleward shift of forests in northern Eurasia and North America, which is consistent with findings from previous studies. It also shows a general “upgrade” of vegetation type in the Tropics and most of the temperate zones, in the form of deciduous trees and shrubs taking over C3 grass in Europe and broadleaf deciduous trees taking over C4 grasses in Central Africa and the Amazon. LAI and NPP are projected to increase in the high latitudes, southeastern Asia, southeastern North America, and Central Africa. This results from CO₂ fertilization, enhanced water use efficiency, and in the extra-tropics warming. However, both LAI and NPP are projected to decrease in the Amazon due to drought. The competing impacts of climate change and CO₂ fertilization lead to large uncertainties in the projection of future vegetation changes in the Tropics.  相似文献   

一次持续性雾霾天气过程的阶段性特征及影响因子分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

苗爱梅  李苗  王洪霞 《干旱气象》2014,32(6):947-953

应用常规与非常规气象观测资料及PM2.5浓度监测资料,对2013年1月20~24日山西区域一次持续性雾霾天气过程进行分析。研究发现：（1）本次雾霾天气过程具有明显的阶段性特征。2013年1月20日14时至23日11时,由于相对湿度的变化导致了3次轻雾转大雾过程;23日14~20时,由于PM2.5浓度的增大经历了1次轻雾转霾的天气过程。（2）地面弱的气压场和较小的风速以及PM2.5浓度的上升和相对湿度的增大为本次持续性雾霾天气过程的形成和发展提供了有利条件。（3）边界层逆温的存在是雾霾低能见度过程形成的必要条件,边界层有逆温层而不出现雾霾天气的条件是：相对湿度〈50%,PM2.5日均值浓度〈75μg·m-3;逆温层下相对湿度的大小是区别雾和霾天气的指标。（4）相对湿度和PM2.5是决定能见度大小的关键因子,其对能见度的影响体现出明显的阶段性特征,当相对湿度〈90%时,PM2.5浓度对能见度的作用强于相对湿度,是影响能见度变化的主要因子,但随着相对湿度的增大,其对能见度的影响相对增强,当能见度降至1 km以下时,相对湿度成为影响能见度变化的主要因子。  相似文献   

ANALYSIS OF CAUSATION OF ASYMMETRIC PRECIPITATION ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE TYPHOON DAMREY     

许向春  于玉斌  王式功  李勋 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2014,20(4):323-333

Severe typhoon Damrey moved across Hainan Island from 00:00 UTC 25 September to 00:00 UTC 27 September in 2005 and gave rise to a significant rain process during its 48-h passage. The precipitation intensity on the southern part of the island is stronger than that on the northern, showing obvious asymmetric distribution. Using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data, the associated mesoscale characteristics of the precipitation were analyzed and the formation of asymmetric rainfall distribution was investigated in the context of a subsynoptic scale disturbance, vertical wind shear and orographic factors. The results are shown as follows. (1) The subsynoptic scale system provided favorable dynamic conditions to the genesis of mesoscale rain clusters and rainbands. (2) The southern Hainan Island was located to the left of the leeward direction of downshear all the time, being favorable to the development of convection and leading to the asymmetric rainfall distribution. (3) Mountain terrain in the southern Hainan Island stimulated the genesis, combination and development of convective cells, promoting the formation of mesoscale precipitation systems and ultimately resulting in rainfall increase in the southern island.  相似文献   

L波段探空判别云区方法的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

蔡淼  欧建军  周毓荃  杨棋  蔡兆鑫 《大气科学》2014,38(2):213-222

利用2008年1月到2009年12月的L波段探空资料,和与之时空匹配的Cloudsat云观测资料,首先分析了云内和云外相对湿度的累积频率分布,发现以75%作为相对湿度阈值判断云准确率可达81%。随后利用BS（Bias Score）和TS（Threat Score）评分方法,对不同相对湿度阈值进行评分分析,发现以81%作为相对湿度阈值TS评分可达0.66,为最高。接着利用BS和TS评分方法分不同高度对相对湿度阈值进行评分分析,发现随高度的增加该高度上具有最好TS评分的相对湿度阈值在减小。利用这些阈值对云判断时,总的TS评分高于0.6,且其准确率达到84%以上,比利用单一相对湿度阈值判断云准确率要高。最后对这些阈值进行优化,得到一套适合于我国L波段探空秒数据的云垂直结构的判别方法。  相似文献   

基于SWAT模型的洪湖流域供水资源模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王苗  刘敏  夏智宏 《气象科学》2014,34(5):515-521

利用SWAT分布式水文模型,对洪湖流域1961—2011年供水资源变化情况进行模拟。结果表明:SWAT模型对洪湖流域供水资源模拟适用性良好。近51 a流域年平均地表径流和降水量增加趋势相当,且降水量峰值对应地表径流和地下径流均较高。流域在1960s、1970s相对偏枯,1980s后降水相对丰沛,流域呈现由干转湿的变化。进入21世纪后,流域又趋于偏枯。流域季节降水量、地表径流、地下径流、蒸散发量及土壤含水量变化最大值均出现在夏季,最小值均出现在冬季,但丰、枯年季节分配不同,各要素月季节分布差异较大。洪湖年均入湖水量呈略增加趋势,春、夏季增加趋势较为明显。  相似文献   

2011年9月中国华西致灾暴雨环流特征及地形强迫效应分析     

陈淼  ;牛涛  ;郭世昌  ;刘冀彦  ;丁旭辉 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(4):1-8

采用陕西及周边地区7213个雨量站资料,分析了2011年9月1-18日期间华西地区降水量分布特征,结果表明：该时段累计降水量是历史同期水平的2-3倍,持续时间长,致灾严重。降水主要分为4-6日、11日和16-18日3次大的过程。利用NCEP 1°×1°的资料分析3次过程的水汽和环流特征,表明暴雨区低层的主要水汽输送,除了偏南气流从川东一带向北输送外,还有偏东气流从华北平原南部一带向西输送。与3次降水过程对应,华西地区500 hPa有3次西风槽过境,700 hPa偏南风和850 hPa偏北风分别出现3个明显的控制时段;700 hPa偏南气流先期输送大量暖湿空气到华西地区,形成不稳定层结,当遇到偏北风输送的干冷空气楔入其下将其抬升时,叠加槽前的动力抬升作用和地形造成的风场辐合抬升,使得对流活动增强,不稳定能量释放,暴雨发生。稳定的环流形势（乌拉尔山阻高）导致特定地形下形成持续的不稳定层结以及动力抬升条件被不断重复满足,从而不断引发上升运动释放不稳定能量,这是2011年华西秋雨稳定持续的根本原因。  相似文献   

Analgesis and wound healing effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan on scalded rats     

Shuya Huang  Baoqin Han  Kai Shao  Miao Yu  Wanshun Liu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(5):837-841

Analgesis and wound healing effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan on scalded rats were investigated. A II degree scald model was established in rats, which was subsequently treated with chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan solution, respectively. The concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan was detected by assaying enzyme-linked immunosorbent. Healing condition was observed and pathological sections were made to determine the healing effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan. Results showed that the concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan peaked at the third hour post-wound in all groups, while the concentration of hydroxyproline peaked at the seventh day post-wound in both chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan group. The concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan of carboxymethyl chitosan group was significantly lower than that of control (P < 0.05), while that of chitosan group was similar to that of control (P > 0.05). These findings indicated that carboxymethyl chitosan reduced the concentration of algogenic substances, resulting in analgesia. During the whole recovery process, the hydroxyproline concentration in chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan group on day 3 and 7 was significantly higher than that of control (P < 0.01); however the significance of such a highness decreased on day 14 (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan accelerated tissue repair. Meanwhile, chitosan performed better in healing than carboxymethyl chitosan in both decrustation and healing time. In conclusion, carboxymethyl chitosan showed significant analgesis and wound-healing promotion effect, but chitosan only showed wound-healing promotion effect.  相似文献