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931.
Rafael Pérez-López José Miguel Nieto Israel López-Coto Juan Luis Aguado Juan Pedro Bolívar María Santisteban 《Applied Geochemistry》2010
The dynamics of trace elements from phosphate rock ore to the environment in a phosphoric acid plant located in SW Spain and the impact of phosphogypsum wastes were investigated through total digestion and BCR-sequential extraction. Based on total concentration, element transfer factors as criteria for examining the potential environmental risk of waste with respect to ore rock were calculated, and it was observed that most trace elements are only transferred into phosphogypsum at rates of 2–12%. However, based on those concentrations that are likely to be most readily mobile in the environment, phosphogypsum acts as a higher emission source of contaminants than the original rock. About 100 million tonnes of phosphogypsum are stack-piled in a dump of 1200 ha over salt-marshes of an estuary formed by the confluence of the Tinto and Odiel rivers. Phosphogypsum has been applied, at the recommended rate of 20–25 t/ha since 1978–2001, to improve fertility and reduce Na saturation in agricultural soils of the Guadalquivir river valley (140 km2). Phosphogypsum capacity as a source of mobile contaminants in three environmental scenarios (water leaching, exposure to oxidising and reducing conditions) was quantified by combining sequential extraction and waste mass. The amounts of mobile contaminants that could be released for every tonne of phosphogypsum are approximately 7 × 102 g Sr, 1.1 × 102 g Fe, 55 g Y, 30 g Ce, 12 g Cr, 11 g Ti, 5 g Zn, 4 g each of Cu and Pb, 3 g each of V and Cd, 2 g each of As and Ni and 1 g U. Multiplying these amounts by 100 Mt and 20–25 t/ha, it is possible to calculate risk assessments of phosphogypsum for both estuarine zones, e.g. in a hypothetical stack collapse and waste spilling, and agricultural soils, respectively. 相似文献
932.
In this work, we attempt to quantify forces that result from the interaction between the induced Sq-variation currents in
the Earth’s lithosphere and the regional Earth’s magnetic field, in order to assess its influence on the tectonic stress field
and on seismic activity. The study area is the Sinai Peninsula, a seismically active region where both seismic and magnetic
data are available. We show that both short-term and long-term magnetic changes correlate with the seismic activity extending
to this area in other previous studies. We also analyze a set of large earthquakes and magnetic data from observatories around
the world to deduce a relationship between earthquake magnitude and maximum distance up to which precursory variations of
the magnetic field are observed. 相似文献
933.
Jorge Fernndez Vera Markgraf Hctor O. Panarello Miguel Albero Fernando E. Angiolini Susana Valencio Mirta Arriaga 《Geoarchaeology》1991,6(3):251-272
The Barro Negro site (23°S lat., 65°37′W long.) in the Altiplano (Puna) of northwestern Argentina contains a well stratified sequence of remains of Hippidion, the American extinct horse, camelids, and archaeological materials, which is the focus of this study. In addition to establishing a reliable chronology, paleoenvironmental information was obtained based on analyses of pollen and stable isotopes (oxygen and carbon) from bone and marl. The data indicate that Hippidion was present at the site between 12,000 and 10,000 yr B. P., at a time when Altoandean grasslands had expanded to lower elevations. By 10,000 yr B.P., when modern semi-arid sub-puna scrub had replaced the Altoandean grasslands, only camelids (Lama or Vicugna) were present, simultaneous with the first evidence of local human occupation. This suggests that a climatic shift from cool and moist (winter rain regime) to warm and dry (summer rain regime) conditions took place simultaneously with the disappearance of the American horse and the appearance of camelids and man. 相似文献