DInSAR measurements of ground deformation by sinkholes,mining subsidence,and landslides,Ebro River,Spain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carmen Castañeda  Francisco Gutiérrez  Michele Manunta  Jorge P. Galve 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(11):1562-1574

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) has been applied to detect and measure ground deformation in a stretch of the Ebro River valley (Spain) excavated in salt‐bearing evaporites. The capability of the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) DInSAR technique to detect ground displacement is analyzed comparing the DInSAR results with the available geomorphological information. The deformation map derived from 27 European Remote Sensing (ERS) satellite images covering more than five years provides sub‐centimeter displacement measurements in zones coinciding with known active sinkholes and landslides. Moreover the map provides the first account of mining subsidence in the area. The measured deformation rates reach 1·68 cm/y for the sinkholes, 0·80 cm/y for the landslides and 1·45 cm/y for the area affected by mining subsidence. The SBAS DInSAR technique provided deformation measurements in a small proportion (5–10%) of the known active sinkholes and landslides. This limitation is mainly due to the lack of coherence in agricultural areas, the spatial resolution of the deformation map (pixel size of 90 m), and the parallelism between the ERS satellite line of sight and the linear escarpment on which most of the landslides occur. Despite this, the interferometric technique provides valuable data that complement traditional geomorphological studies including the quantification of the deformation phenomena, the identification of mining subsidence otherwise only recognizable by geodetic methods, and the detection of creep deformation which might correspond to premonitory indicators of catastrophic sinkholes and landslides capable of causing the loss of lives. Detailed DInSAR studies combined with field data would be required to improve the analysis of each deformation area. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Treatment of Crystal Violet from Synthetic Solution Using Membranes Doped with Natural Fruit Extract          下载免费PDF全文

Simona Caprarescu  Alexandra R. Miron  Violeta Purcar  Anita‐Laura Radu  Andrei Sarbu  Cristian Andi Nicolae  Mihaela Pascu  Daniela Ion‐Ebrasu  Valentin Raditoiu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(7)

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Summary of the Lövånger International Workshop on Turbulence and Diffusion in the Stable Planetary Boundary Layer     

Carmen J. Nappo  Per-Erik Johansson 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1999,90(3):345-374

A workshop on the stable planetary boundary layer (PBL) was held on 21–24 October, 1997 at Lövånger, a small town about 80 km north of Umeå, Sweden. Thirty-five scientists representing eight countries participated in the meeting, which was arranged by the U.S. Army Research Office, the Swedish Defence Research Establishment, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Air Resources Laboratory, and the Meteorology Department of Uppsala University. Topics addressed included the very stable boundary layer, gravity wave/turbulence interactions, modeling the stable boundary layer, future observations and new measurement techniques, the role of condensation (fog) and radiative flux divergence, and atmospheric diffusion. Invited papers appear in this special issue. Workshop discussions, informal presentations, and specific recommendations are summarized. Workshop participants and organizers are presented in Appendix A.  相似文献   

A two-stage biomass dynamic model for Bay of Biscay anchovy: a Bayesian approach     

Ibaibarriaga  Leire; Fernandez  Carmen; Uriarte  Andres; Roel  Beatriz A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2008,65(2):191-205

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Characteristics of the active-layer under the China-Russia Crude Oil pipeline     

SERBAN Mihaela  LI Guo-yu  SERBAN Raul-David  WANG Fei  FEDOROV Alexander  VERA Samsonova  CAO Ya-peng  CHEN Peng-chao  WANG Wei 《山地科学学报》2021,(2):323-337

Active layer is a key component for permafrost environment studies as many subsurface biological,biogeochemical,ecological,and pedogenic activities prevail in this layer.This study focuses on active layer temperature monitoring in an area with sporadic permafrost at two adjacent sites along China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline(CRCOP),NorthEast China.Site T1 is located in disturbed ground on the right-of-way(on-ROW)2 m away from the center of the oil pipeline.T2 is located in a natural and undisturbed site,around 16.6 m off-ROW.Our objective was to study seasonal variability of the active layer depth and thermal regime from October 2017 to September 2018.The monitoring sites consist of soil temperature probes arranged in a vertical array at different depths at both sites.The following parameters were computed:number of isothermal days(ID),freezing days(FD),thawing days(TD),freezing degree days(FDD),thawing degree days(TDD),number of freeze-thaw days(FTD).The mean air temperature in the monitoring period reached-3.2℃.The temperature profile indicates that the maximum active layer thickness observed during the study period was 10 m at T1 and 2 m at T2.The majority of the soil temperatures were above or close to 0℃,resulting in great values of TDD,especially in the first 4 m depth.TDD for T1 were predominant and ranged between 600-1160℃·days(0-4 m depth)reflecting the influence of oil temperature from the pipeline.In T2 borehole FDD were predominant for all the soil layer depths resulting in less permafrost degradation.This comparison emphasizes the significant influence of vegetation removal and the dispersed heat from the pipeline on the active layer thickness.  相似文献   

Late Pleistocene to Holocene paleoenvironmental changes in the NW Black Sea     

Andrei Briceag  Anastasia Yanchilina  William B. F. Ryan  Marius Stoica  Mihaela C. Melinte‐Dobrinescu 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(2):87-100

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Temporal dynamics of shallow subtidal meiobenthos from a beach in Tenerife (Canary Islands, northeast Atlantic Ocean)     

Rodrigo Rier  Jorge N&#;&#;ez  Mar&#;a del Carmen Brito 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(8):44-54

A shallow subtidal (3 m deep) meiofaunal assemblage in Los Abrigos Bay, Tenerife, Canary Islands was sampled during May 2000-April 2001. Themain aims were to (1) find temporal variations inmeiofaunal assemblage structure and overall abundance, as well as in the most abundant meiofaunal species throughout the study period, and (2) identify environmental variables (sedimentary composition, organic matter content, and total nitrogen) that better explain meiofaunal assemblage structure during the study year. The most abundant species were the nematodes Siphonolaimus sp. 2 and Catanema sp., which represented 46.2% of the overall meiofaunal abundances and varied significantly throughout the study duration. Overall meiofaunal abundance and the most abundant taxonomic groups (nematodes, copepods, and oligochaetes) showed significant temporal variations during the study period. Nematodes overwhelmingly dominated during the study period, ranging from 78% in May to 97.34% in February. Multivariate analyses showed seasonality inmeiofaunal community structure during the study year, with the lowest abundances in May.  相似文献   

SOFIE project – 3D shaking table test on a seven‐storey full‐scale cross‐laminated timber building     

Ario Ceccotti  Carmen Sandhaas  Minoru Okabe  Motoi Yasumura  Chikahiro Minowa  Naohito Kawai 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(13):2003-2021

Multi‐storey buildings made of cross‐laminated timber panels (X‐lam) are becoming a stronger and economically valid alternative in Europe compared with traditional masonry or concrete buildings. During the design process of these multi‐storey buildings, also their earthquake behaviour has to be addressed, especially in seismic‐prone areas such as Italy. However, limited knowledge on the seismic performance is available for this innovative massive timber product. On the basis of extensive testing series comprising monotonic and reversed cyclic tests on X‐lam panels, a pseudodynamic test on a one‐storey X‐lam specimen and 1D shaking table tests on a full‐scale three‐storey specimen, a full‐scale seven‐storey building was designed according to the European seismic standard Eurocode 8 and subjected to earthquake loading on a 3D shaking table. The building was designed with a preliminary action reduction factor of three that had been derived from the experimental results on the three‐storey building. The outcomes of this comprehensive research project called ‘SOFIE – Sistema Costruttivo Fiemme’ proved the suitability of multi‐storey X‐lam structures for earthquake‐prone regions. The buildings demonstrated self‐centring capabilities and high stiffness combined with sufficient ductility to avoid brittle failures. The tests provided useful information for the seismic design with force‐based methods as defined in Eurocode 8, that is, a preliminary experimentally based action reduction factor of three was confirmed. Valid, ductile joint assemblies were developed, and their importance for the energy dissipation in buildings with rigid X‐lam panels became evident. The seven‐storey building showed relatively high accelerations in the upper storeys, which could lead to secondary damage and which have to be addressed in future research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Runoff and sediment yield from a small watershed in southeastern Spain (Lanjarón): implications for water quality     

Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo  José Ramón Francia Martínez  Iván García Tejero  Carmen Rocío Rodríguez Pleguezuelo  Armando Martínez Raya  Simón Cuadros Tavira 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(8):1610-1625

Abstract

This study presents an analysis of three hydrological years (2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10) of precipitation, runoff and sediment yield collected from a small (669.7 ha) semi-arid watershed in southeastern Spain (Lanjarón). At the watershed outlet the runoff, suspended sediment concentration, total solute concentrations and dissolved nutrients (N-NO₃, N-NH₄, H₂PO₄ and K) in streamflow were continuously monitored. The runoff was highly variable, ranging between 53.4 and 154.7 mm year^?1, with an average of 97.6 mm year^?1. In contrast, sediment yields were more regular, averaging 1.8 Mg ha^?1 year^?1. The hydrological response of the watershed depended mainly on rainfall intensity. Formerly, 32% of the watershed was forested and runoff was more regular, despite the typical Mediterranean rainfall cycle; however, due to forest area reduction to 17% and the increase in abandoned farmland area (18%) in recent decades, the runoff variability has increased. Greater amounts of solutes (32.7 Mg ha^?1 year^?1) were exported, so that this water is considered as poor for irrigation use. The temporal nutrient export was related to seasonal discharge fluctuations as well as daily concentrations. In addition, the nutrient concentrations of the water discharged were lower than threshold limits cited in water-quality standards for agricultural use and for potable water, with the exception of K (65.9 mg L^?1), which may degrade surface waters as well as irrigated soils. Thus, hydrological and erosive processes depended on the watershed features, but also on prior conditions in combination with the characteristics of rainfall episodes.

Citation Durán, Z.V.H., Francia, M.J.R., Garcia, T.I., Rodríguez, P.C.R., Martínez, R.A., and Cuadros, T.S., 2012. Runoff and sediment yield from a small watershed in southeastern Spain (Lanjarón): implications for water quality. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (8), 1610–1625.  相似文献   

Probabilistic approach to decision-making under uncertainty during volcanic crises: retrospective application to the El Hierro (Spain) 2011 volcanic crisis     

Rosa Sobradelo  Joan Martí  Christopher Kilburn  Carmen López 《Natural Hazards》2015,76(2):979-998

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